Volitional Motion Theory

We propose a mathematical model for quantifying willpower and an application based on the model. Volitional Motion Theory (VMT) is a mathematical model that draws on classical mechanics, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, information theory, and philosophy. The resulting numbers are statistical theoretical values deduced using observable data. VMT can be applied to a variety of fields, including behavioral science, behavioral economics, and computational neuroscience. For example, "What is animal spirit in economics?" VMT is one proposal to answer this question. In addition, a scheduling application has been created to validate VMT. This application is open to the public for anyone to use.

Relações teóricas entre a escolha na Economia Comportamental e a decisão de investimento em Keynes

O artigo explora a relação entre a decisão de investimento em Keynes e a pesquisa em Economia Comportamental. Para a identificação de elementos teóricos comuns entre essas duas abordagens, suas contribuições são brevemente recuperadas na história do pensamento econômico. A discussão desenvolvida contrasta elementos que sustentam as duas correntes, promovendo uma leitura de seus aspectos teóricos complementares: (i) racionalidade e incerteza; (ii) heurísticas e convenções; (iii) decisão individual e decisão de investimento. Isso permite uma compreensão mais profunda dessas propostas, e um entendimento melhor acerca: (1) do papel da subjetividade na Economia Comportamental a partir da utilização do conceito de heurísticas na análise da decisão de investimento em Keynes; e (2) dos aspectos psicológicos apontados por Keynes que explicam como elementos que influenciam a decisão de investimento (taxa de juros, por exemplo), não são determinantes nas escolhas. O trabalho sustenta uma complementariedade da Teoria dos Prospectos e a Contabilidade Mental com a análise psicológica de fatores apontados por Keynes como fundamentais na decisão de investimento: animal spirit, expectativa de retorno e taxa de juros, incerteza fundamental e a relação entre eficiência marginal do capital e taxa de juros.

PERANCANGAN BUSANA READY TO WEAR DELUXE DENGAN INSPIRASI THE CULTURE OF ANIMAL SPIRIT DARI SUKU INDIAN

Indian tribes are the people of North America who are famous for their tradition, lifestyle, art and belief as culture tradition. One of the belief tradition is their belief to the spirit of animal which has connection with Indian belief,animism. In animal animism there are several animals which is considered.sacred in the lifecycle of Indians. They are : eagles, bear, and bisons. They are the symbols of life structure to Indian tribes. The combination of the symbols of lifecycle is based on the ways of the winds, seasons, elements, and colors of each of the symbols has become the inspiration of fashion design ready to wear collection deluxe titled OTODEM Throughout OTODEM collection the ethnic but still modern nuances are shown from the shapes and cutting of the clothes. The concept applied on the design adapts the symbols lf animal spirit : eagles, wolves, bear and bison and also from the symbols of ways of the wind, seasons, elements, and colors in every piece of clothing. The symbols are applied on the piece of clothings throughout polyflex screen printing and flocking and the sign motifs, the macrame and stitching technique are used to show the uniqueness of the Indian tribe clothes. The goal is to strengthen the performance and similarities with symbols of Indian tribes. This ready to wear collection is targeted for men and women around 25-35 years old with different backgrounds such as entertainers, designers and public figures with strong and bold characteristics, love challenges and are open to new challenges, curious about ethnics and cultures, and stay in major cities in Indonesia.

Can Social Interaction Based Expectations Create the Characteristics of the Business Cycle?

This paper introduces social-interaction based expectations in a New Keynesian frame and compares the characteristics with that of the standard rational expectation model. Agents in this model are connected with each other and build their rational expectation on their neighborhood’s opinions and recent economic developments. Instead of precise forecast they use rule of thumbs which reflect whether they assume a positive or a negative future. As result an endogenous business cycle arises. The autocorrelation of the output gap is much larger than in a model with rational expectation and two-way causality from output gap to expectation about output gap arises while kurtosis decreases and correlation between inflation and output gap is quite negative. The use of different networks changes the characteristics of the model. Situations where people trust much more their social network than economic developments can lead to continual recession, boom, inflation or deflation. JEL classifications: E10, E32, E71 Keywords: Rational expectations, non linear dynamics, animal spirit

MAKIAN DALAM BAHASA MELAYU DIALEK SELIMBAU KAPUAS HULU (SWEARING IN MALAY LANGUAGE OF SELIMBAU KAPUAS HULU DIALECT)

Fenomena makian di setiap daerah merupakan hal tabu. Makian di setiap daerah memiliki keunikan dan kecirikhasan tersendiri. Ungkapan makian merupakan bentuk pelampiasan perasaan yang terpendam dalam hati karena situasi yang tidak menyenangkan. Bahasa Melayu dialek Selimbau Kapuas Hulu juga memiliki ung-kapan makian yang unik dan berciri khas tersendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan bentuk makian bahasa Melayu dialek Selimbau Kapuas Hulu dan mendeskripsikan referensi makian. Metode dalam penelitian ini ialah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Tahap penelitian meliputi (1) penyediaan data; (2) penganalisisan data, dan (3) penyajian hasil analisis data. Data diperoleh melalui teknik pustaka dan wawancara langsung dengan teknik libat cakap catat. Data diklasifikasikan berdasarkan permasalahan yang ada. Data diperoleh dari beberapa informan bahasa Melayu dialek Selimbau, Kapuas Hulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk makian bahasa Melayu dialek Selimbau Kapuas Hulu adalah makian berbentuk kata (kata dasar dan kata jadian), frasa, dan klausa. Referensi makian yang ditemukan mengacu pada keadaan, binatang, makhluk halus, bagian tubuh, kekerabatan, aktivitas, dan profesi.The phenomenon of swearing in each region is taboo, in fact swearing in each region has its own uniqueness and characteristic. Swearing expression is a form of impingement that is hidden in the heart because of an unpleasant situation. The Malay dialect Selimbau Kapuas Hulu also has a unique and distinctive swearing expression. The objective of the study is to describe the form and reference of Malay dialect Selimbau Kapuas Hulu dialect swearing. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The research process covers (1) data collection; (2) data analysis, and (3) data presentation of data analysis result. Data are obtained through library technique and direct interview with participation and noting technique. Data are recorded and classified based on existing problems. The data are obtained from several Malay language informants in Selimbau dialect, Kapuas Hulu. The result shows that the swearing form of Malay dialect Selimbau Kapuas Hulu dialect is word (base word and derivative word), phrase, and clause. Swearing references found in the data refer to state, animal, spirit, body part, kinship, activity, and profession.

Factors Influencing Growth of Rural Entrepreneurship in Tripura: A Socio – Economic Perspective

Entrepreneurship for Indian society is not a new concept; the belief of entrepreneurship is a part of its tradition. India has been a rich entrepreneurial society, its animal spirit remained suppressed for long time due to the preponderance of the public sector, but now it has become the dominant and emerging sector primarily due to development of skills and new innovations. Traditionally entrepreneurship has been associated with particular community. However, with changing times and rapid rise of knowledge, a new group of entrepreneurs are emerging who are generating employment opportunities and wealth generation. It is noteworthy that the spread of entrepreneurship is not only limited to the urban areas but have also become a rural phenomenon in India. The rural entrepreneurs are the key drivers for employment generation and wealth creation in villages as well. Rural entrepreneurship has become the backbone for the development in these areas along with the programmes for poverty alleviation and employment generation. The estimated current population of India is 1.29 billion where 65 percent of this population is under the age of 35 years. In India, multiple initiatives have been undertaken by the union government since 1952 to promote a rural entrepreneurship but no significant changes have been made in the socio-economic life of rural entrepreneur; which indicates other factors are responsible for the growth of rural entrepreneurship. This research study is an endeavor in search of those factors which has influence on the entrepreneurship growth of rural Indian villages. This study has been conducted in rural villages of the state Tripura situated in North-eastern part of India.

RISK-FREE RATES AND ANIMAL SPIRITS IN FINANCIAL MARKETS

We show analytically that animal spirit excess profits for uninformed investors fall (increase) when the risk-free rate rises (falls). In the theoretical analysis, we examine the expected returns of risk-averse, short-lived investors. In addition, we find empirically that the local risk-free rates explain 14% of the changes in the animal spirit excess profits in the global stock markets for the last 29 years when the animal spirits is characterized as a product of the trend-chasing rule.