The transfer and persistence of metals in latent fingermarks

In forensic science, knowledge and understanding of material transfer and persistence is inherent to the interpretation of trace evidence and can provide vital information on the activity level surrounding a...

Development Trends of Information Systems

The goal of this chapter is to discuss development trends of information systems. The chapter begins by discussing a framework known as the semantic ladder. This framework provides an overview and shows relations between data, information, concepts, knowledge, and wisdom. The chapter then discusses three domains of scientific activity: data science, knowledge science, and wisdom science. Next, the chapter considers how we can move from a science of information to a science focused on informing. Ways of measuring the quality of information is then considered. The chapter concludes by examining the latest trends in designing information systems during the past century.

Health Communication and Popularization in the Context of Epidemic Era: Preferences of the Chinese General Population

Background In the current era of big data, it is critical to address people's demand for health science knowledge. At present, the traditional mode of communicating scientific health knowledge and information technology are interchangeable, resulting in the emergence of a new mode of communicating health science knowledge. To publicize health education and popular science knowledge in a targeted way, to meet the public's needs, and to understand how the public's demand for subjects, contents, and forms of health science service has changed in the epidemic era, the investigation of public's demand for health information and popular science knowledge was conducted. Objective This study aims to understand the differences in demand for health science popularization service providers, contents, channels, forms, and facilities among Chinese citizens with different genders, ages, education levels, economic conditions, and living environments, and to provide reasonable recommendations for developing health science popularization. Methods Questionnaire Star was used to conduct a large sample of random online surveys. In Wuhan, Hubei Province, 2184 questionnaires were issued, 8 invalid questionnaires were eliminated, and 2176 were recovered, with an effective rate of 99.6%. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 was utilized to analyze the survey data. Results (1) In health science popularization service providers selected by the public, the proportion of government departments or government collaboration with other institutions exceeded 73%, indicating that health science popularization services are public goods; (2) access to health science popularization services was lower in township areas than in urban areas (P < 0.001); (3) internet media and communicating with acquaintances, which have the highest popularity rate, were also the two channels that were least trusted by the public; and (4) the differences in contents and service channels of health science popularization among residents with different genders, ages, education levels, economic status, and living environments were statistically significant. Conclusions (1) It is recommended to establish an integrated health science popularization service model with multi-center supply. Government departments, medical institutions, and media should cooperate effectively to provide health science popularization services. (2) The government should pay attention to the fairness of health education and strengthen the supply of health science popularization services in township areas. (3) It is critical to strengthen the public's ability to discriminate network information and pay attention to scientific thinking cultivation. (4) Health science popularization service providers must focus on the differences between public demands and improve the connotation of health science services.

Supporting Students' Understanding of Caring Science as a Meaningful Basis for Practice

Caring science has been described as abstract, difficult to apply, or unscientific common sense. An alternative view is that caring science knowledge does not pose a greater challenge because it is abstract, but because it challenges caregivers' existence. No matter how nursing faculty perceive these challenges, it is crucial to create a context where students are supported in the integration of theoretical knowledge. This article addresses teachers' responsibility for creating a caring learning environment. It further proposes how reflections on perspectives and concepts can be linked to experiential learning to contribute to students' embodied understanding of caring science.

Social Science Biases and Collective Knowledge

Understanding, investigating, and adapting to the biases inherent in social science research is the best path toward accumulating and advancing social science knowledge. Social science faces many categories of bias, from those stemming from unrepresentative researcher demographics to those based on research practices and incentives. Each has implications for research practices, but none makes social science impossible. Scholars face inherent challenges larger than those of natural scientists, with more disagreement on the most important biases to address and the kinds of research necessary to do so. But there are important advances in scholars’ self-understanding that can serve as the basis for our future progress.

The Effect of Uncertainty Training on the Improvement of Diagnostic Ability in Chinese Medical Students

Background: To evaluate the effect of the uncertainty training on improvement of students’ diagnostic ability. Methods: Data were collected on 70 fifth year medical students enrolled in the Case Discussion courses on Obstetrics and Gynecology in the spring of 2020. Of these students, 36 were in the uncertainty training group and 34 in the control group. The effect of training was evaluated by cognitively diagnostic assessment which mapped exam questions to 4 attributes assessing clinical reasoning and basic science knowledge. Results: Uncertainty training was able to improve students’ ability to use basic science concepts for inference and problem solving, and the ability to integrate complex clinical information to arrive at a diagnosis. But it could not improve students’ ability on the basic recall of foundational concepts and the ability to use basic science concepts in clinical reasoning. Medical students could do well in integrating complex clinical information although they didn’t recall basic science knowledge well. Conclusions: Uncertainty training could be used as an effective teaching method in Case Discussion course on Obstetrics and Gynecology. However, students still need to improve their basic knowledge besides the training.

An Analysis Of Science Literacy Ability Of The Students Grade VII On The Environmental Pollution Materials In Pariaman City

This was a descriptive research. The sample was taken by using a purposive sampling technique. The data were collected by using valid and reliable scientific literacy questions and were supported by interviews. The data were analyzed by calculating the average value of the scientific literacy test results. The validity of the data used triangulation technique. The results showed that the scientific literacy results of the students grade VII based on the total score, aspects of science competence, science knowledge and science context showed that the students grade VII of SMPN 7 Pariaman got the highest average score, followed by the students grade VII of SMPN 2 Pariaman and SMPN 6 Pariaman with low category.

Implementation of Strengthening State Science Knowledge Using Camp Study Methods on PPKn Students Of PGRI Banyuwangi University

Knowledge of state science is the basis for maintaining state institutions, so that research is carried out continuously and scientifically, as well as solving problems in students' knowledge of state science. The purpose of this service is to provide reinforcement to students about state science by presenting state science practitioners. Knowledge skills about state science and student attitudes towards the development of the country. This activity was attended by 25 PPkn students of PGRI Bnyuwangi University batch 2020. The method used was to present speakers of political practitioners and student activists in 1998 so that the level of student knowledge about state science and the role of students in the movement to build the nation could become the spirit of students in the reform era. In practice, students' knowledge of state science is increasing and it can be concluded that the role of students to maintain the institution is very important.