Stability and Fluctuation of Personality Disorder Features in Daily Life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Leonard Simms
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Symptom Exacerbation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Over Time

Very little is known about the daily stability and fluctuation of personality pathology. To address this gap in knowledge, we investigated the naturalistic manifestation of personality pathology over the course of 100 days. A group of individuals (N=101) diagnosed with any personality disorder (PD) completed a daily diary study over 100 consecutive days (Mdn = 94 days, Range = 33-101 days). Participants completed daily ratings of 30 manifestations of personality pathology. Patterns of stability and variability over the course of the study were then examined. Results indicated that individual PD manifestations and domains of PD manifestations were variable across days and differed widely in their frequency. Additionally, individual averages and level of variability in PD domains were highly stable across months, individual averages of PD domains were predicted by baseline dispositional ratings of PD traits with a high degree of specificity, and daily variability PD domains was associated with elevated levels of PD traits. This pattern of findings suggests that dynamic processes of symptom exacerbation and diminution that are stable in mean level and variability in expression over time characterizes personality pathology. Further, dispositional ratings are significant predictors of average daily expression of PD features.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZING THE PATHWAYS UNDERLYING THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND HEALTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S813-S813
Author(s):  
Eric S Kim ◽  
Anthony Ong
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Response Effort ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Over Time

Abstract As populations age, identifying factors that foster the maintenance of health is crucial for improving the health and well-being of older adults. Yet, most psychological, biomedical, and public health efforts have focused on reducing harmful risk factors. While the risk management approach has contributed greatly to prevention and treatment programs, our aging society continues to grapple with the steadily rising tide of chronic conditions. Expanding the focus to include upstream, health-promoting psychosocial assets may help inform a more comprehensive response effort. Mounting research suggests that different dimensions of psychological well-being are uniquely associated with reduced risk of chronic conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain understudied. This symposium presents 4 studies evaluating potential mechanisms. The first talk presents research evaluating how a spouse’s level of optimism may be uniquely associated with an individual’s cognitive health over time (above and beyond that own individual’s level of optimism). A second talk, draws upon a multi-burst daily diary study and focuses on affective stress response as a potentially modifiable target that could explain the health benefits of optimism. A third talk evaluates how baseline levels purpose in life might be associated with repeated measures of five key health behaviors over time. A fourth talk discusses results from a longitudinal-burst daily diary study determining the reciprocal relationships among optimism, pain interference, and goal-directed activity among older women who experience pain. Overall, these studies add to the growing research on psychological well-being and physical health by providing evidence around potential biobehavioral pathways.

Manifestations of clinical depression in daily life: a daily diary study of descriptions of naturally occurring events

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1664-1675
Author(s):  
Izabela Krejtz ◽  
Natalia Rohnka ◽  
Paweł Holas ◽  
Marzena Rusanowska ◽  
John B. Nezlek
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals The Communal Coping Model of Pain Catastrophizing in Daily Life: A Within-Couples Daily Diary Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1163-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Burns ◽  
James I. Gerhart ◽  
Kristina M. Post ◽  
David A. Smith ◽  
Laura S. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Communal Coping ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Coping Model

scholarly journals Individual differences in the co-use of reappraisal and emotion suppression in daily life: Implications for daily positive and negative affect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljinder K. Sahdra ◽  
Robert Brockman ◽  
Steven C. Hayes ◽  
Stefan G. Hofmann ◽  
Todd Barrett Kashdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Emotion Suppression ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Single Strategy

High reappraisal and low suppression are generally seen as desirable outcomes of therapy, but this combination may not benefit those who typically use reappraisal and suppression together. A daily diary study (N=187; Mage = 23.9; 71% females; 3,852 days; M=20.59 days/person) showed that the group-level correlation between reappraisal and suppression was positive (r =.32), but the within-person correlations varied substantially (-0.78 to 0.94). When multiple strategies users employed reappraisal without suppression on a given day, their affect was worse than if they were using no strategy. When single strategy users employed reappraisal with suppression on a given day, their affect was worse than when they used no strategy. Clinicians need to consider how clients co-use strategies in daily life.

scholarly journals Victims, Perpetrators, or Both? The Vicious Cycle of Disrespect and Cynical Beliefs about Human Nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Stavrova ◽  
Daniel Ehlebracht ◽  
Kathleen Vohs
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Longitudinal Dataset

We tested how cynicism emerges and what maintains it. Cynicism is the tendency to believe that people are morally bankrupt and behave treacherously in order to maximize self-interest. Drawing on literatures on norms of respectful treatment, we proposed that being the target of disrespect gives rise to cynical views, which predisposes people to further disrespect. The end result is a vicious cycle: cynicism and disrespect fuel one another. Study 1’s nationally-representative survey showed that disrespect and cynicism are positively related to each other in 28 of 29 countries studied, and that cynicism’s associations with disrespect were independent of (and stronger than) associations with lacking social support. Study 2 used a nationally-representative longitudinal dataset, spanning 4 years. In line with the vicious cycle hypothesis, feeling disrespected and holding cynical views gave rise to each other over time. Five preregistered experiments (including two in the supplementary materials) provided causal evidence. Study 3 showed that bringing to mind previous experiences of being disrespected heightened cynical beliefs subsequently. Studies 4 and 5 showed that to the extent that people endorsed cynical beliefs, others were inclined to treat them disrespectfully. Study 6’s weeklong daily-diary study replicated the vicious cycle pattern. Everyday experiences of disrespect elevated cynical beliefs and vice versa. Moreover, cynical individuals tended to treat others with disrespect, which in turn predicted more disrespectful treatment by others. In short, experiencing disrespect gives rise to cynicism and cynicism elicits disrespect from others, thereby reinforcing the worldview that caused these negative reactions in the first place.

scholarly journals Does Catastrophizing of Bodily Sensations Maintain Health-Related Anxiety? A 14-Day Daily Diary Study with Longitudinal Follow-Up

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal M. Gautreau ◽  
Simon B. Sherry ◽  
Dayna L. Sherry ◽  
Kathryn A. Birnie ◽  
Sean P. Mackinnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Over Time

Background: Health anxiety is common, impairing, and costly. The role of catastrophizing of bodily sensations (i.e. rumination about, overconcern with, and intolerance of bodily sensations) in maintaining health-related anxiety (i.e. anxiety about perceived health problems) is important, but understudied, in the health anxiety literature. Aims: The present study investigates the role of catastrophizing of bodily sensations as a maintenance factor for health-related anxiety over time. Method: Undergraduates (n = 226 women; n = 226 men) completed a baseline assessment, 14-day daily diary study, and 14-day longitudinal follow-up. Results: Path analysis indicated catastrophizing of bodily sensations maintains health-related anxiety from one month to the next in both men and women. Conclusions: The present study bridges an important gap between theory and evidence. Results support cognitive behavioral theories and extend cross-sectional research asserting catastrophizing of bodily sensations maintains health-related anxiety over time. A cyclical, self-perpetuating pattern was observed in the present study wherein catastrophizing of bodily sensations and health-related anxiety contribute to one another over time. Results also suggest targeting catastrophizing of bodily sensations may reduce health-related anxiety.

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