scholarly journals Core Language of Thought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyo Takano
Keyword(s):  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Language Of Thought ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Core Language ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Individual Core

Fodor’s “Language of Thought” (also called Mentalese) hypothesis—that we use a language-like, syntactic system in processing thoughts instead of natural languages—caused controversies in philosophy, psychology, and linguistics. While many researchers proposed their perspectives, both for and against, none of them addressed its evolutionary and sociocultural variabilities as far as I know. Accordingly, I provide a novel perspective on the hypothesis by discussing the interplay among our cognition, natural languages, evolution, and sociocultural factors. First, like one speaks personalized English as his/her idiolect, individuals have their own “Idiolects of Thought” as a derivative of Mentalese. Second, while Mentalese varies from individual to individual, “Core Language of Thought” is cognitively fundamental and largely shared across individuals.

scholarly journals An Overview of Web Intelligence

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
أ.د. محمد أديب غنيمي أ.د. محمد أديب غنيمي
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Deep Web ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Web Intelligence ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Mathematics And Physics

. This paper gives an overview of Web intelligence which will enable the current Web to reach the Wisdom level by containing Distributed, Integrated, and Active knowledge. In this case it will be capable of performing tasks like problem solving and questionanswering. In addition, it will be capable of processing and understanding natural languages. Web intelligence draws results from a number of disciplines like: Artificial intelligence, Information technology. Mathematics and Physics, Psychology and Linguistics. The paper covers the following topics: Web evolution and architecture, Topics related to Web intelligence, The Deep Web, Semantic computing and the Semantic Web, The Wisdom Web, Precisiated Natural Language.

scholarly journals Do we need statistics when we have linguistics?

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascual Cantos Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Statistical Language Models ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Frequency Counts

Statistics is known to be a quantitative approach to research. However, most of the research done in the fields of language and linguistics is of a different kind, namely qualitative. Succinctly, qualitative analysis differs from quantitative analysis is that in the former no attempt is made to assign frequencies, percentages and the like, to the linguistic features found or identified in the data. In quantitative research, linguistic features are classified and counted, and even more complex statistical models are constructed in order to explain these observed facts. In qualitative research, however, we use the data only for identifying and describing features of language usage and for providing real occurrences/examples of particular phenomena. In this paper, we shall try to show how quantitative methods and statistical techniques can supplement qualitative analyses of language. We shall attempt to present some mathematical and statistical properties of natural languages, and introduce some of the quantitative methods which are of the most value in working empirically with texts and corpora, illustrating the various issues with numerous examples and moving from the most basic descriptive techniques (frequency counts and percentages) to decision-taking techniques (chi-square and z-score) and to more sophisticated statistical language models (Type-Token/Lemma-Token/Lemma-Type formulae, cluster analysis and discriminant function analysis).

scholarly journals Unnaturalness of Negation – an Old Wives’ Tale Retold

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Gašper Ilc
Keyword(s):  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Mathematical Operation ◽  
Double Negation ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
History Of Study

Negation has a very long history of study. In the realm of logic, negation is seen as a simple operation that turns an affirmative to a negative. This assumption strongly affected the linguistic study of negation, and led to some misconceptions. For example, negation in natural languages is seen as something unnatural, artificial and syntactically as well as semantically dependant on affirmation. It is perceived as a logical/mathematical operation that turns affirmatives into negatives by way of syntactic transformation and semantic cancellation of multiple negatives. To refute some of these misconceptions, the paper investigates the nature of negation as a linguistic phenomenon, and shows that negation in logic and linguistics should not and cannot be treated in the same fashion. Special attention is paid to the problems of structural complexity, the syntactic notion of multiple negation and its different semantic interpretations. With regard to the semantic interpretation of multiple negation, languages, by and large, allow for two possibilities: negative concord and double negation. Negative concord, which interprets two negatives as a single negation, seems to represent the natural course of language development, while double negation, which allows the cancellation of two negatives resulting in affirmation, was introduced into languages under the influence of logic in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Tests for constituents: What they really reveal about the nature of syntactic structure

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Dependency Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Linguistics

Syntax is a central subfield within linguistics and is important for the study of natural languages, since they all have syntax. Theories of syntax can vary drastically, though. They tend to be based on one of two competing principles, on dependency or phrase structure. Surprisingly, the tests for constituents that are widely employed in syntax and linguistics research to demonstrate the manner in which words are grouped together forming higher units of syntactic structure (phrases and clauses) actually support dependency over phrase structure. The tests identify much less sentence structure than phrase structure syntax assumes. The reason this situation is surprising is that phrase structure has been dominant in research on syntax over the past 60 years. This article examines the issue in depth. Dozens of texts were surveyed to determine how tests for constituents are employed and understood. Most of the tests identify phrasal constituents only; they deliver little support for the existence of subphrasal strings as constituents. This situation is consistent with dependency structure, since for dependency, subphrasal strings are not constituents to begin with.

Methodology for the creation of a linguistic database: challenges and contributions to the teaching-learning process

2020 ◽  
pp. e090520
Author(s):  
Raimundo Gouveia da Silva ◽  
Iandra Maria Weirich da Silva Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
The State ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Extractive Reserve ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Teaching Learning

This paper presents theoretical and methodological questions related to the creation of a Linguistic Database, made up of samples from the Cazumbá Iracema Extractive Reserve, located in the state of Acre, and discusses the main challenges found and contributions to the teaching and learning process of Portuguese. The methodology for collecting and organizing this database is based on the theoretical assumptions of sociolinguistic patterns, the empirical foundations of the Theory of Linguistic Variation and Change, and the methodology for collecting and manipulating data in sociolinguistics. The implementation of the proposal involves the use of software that can be used in education. The results show contributions of this sample use for the creation of teaching proposals, focusing on the language in use, identification of the sociocultural factors that influence the emergence and permanence of linguistic variation and researches in the scope of natural languages.

Relativism-pragmatism and the goals of cognition

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Miščević
Keyword(s):  
Central Line ◽  
Language Of Thought ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Epistemic Goal

The central goal of cognition is truth. This thesis is defended against the new wave relativist-pragmatists, notably Stephen Stich. First, the relativist-pragma-tist stance and its central line of argumentation is briefly presented, pivoting around the plurality of TRUTH-predicates. Against this, the following theses are argued for: (1) various TRUTH-predicates are not in semantic, epistemic, and instrumental competition, and they will stand for the same higher-level epistemic goal — believing and saying "p" only if p; (2) the choice among TRUTH-predicates for natural languages is epistemically and instrumentally insignificant; whereas (3) the choice among TRUTH-predicates for the (hypothetical) language of thought is not available to thinkers, since they do not choose in what interpreted language they think and therefore are not to be blamed for not exercising a choice where there is none.

Etymology of Some Mathematical Terms

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 4519-4522
Author(s):  
Guzel Rinatovna Eremeeva ◽  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Martynova ◽  
Gulnara Firdusovna Valieva ◽  
Sukharev Vladimir Igorevich
Keyword(s):  
Abstract Algebra ◽  
Related Area ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Mathematical Intuition ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Linguistics

The article is devoted to the analysis of the history of origin and etymology of some mathematical terms that have identical to the usual things names in natural languages. The research was conducted through analysis of literature, related scientific papers. The terms for study were taken from the field of abstract algebra, some of the terms are technical and used in the whole math. The explanation of the etymology of the terms allows getting deeper into the related area of mathematics, to increase level of the subject understanding and mathematical intuition. The research may be useful to students majoring in mathematics and linguistics.

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