The Upper Juruá Extractive Reserve in the Brazilian Amazon: past and present†

Amazonian livelihoods are largely dependent on rivers, with local protein consumption mainly relying on several species of fish. The UJER (Upper Juruá Extractive Reserve - Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá) is located in the state of Acre, bordering Peru and several indigenous areas. Here we summarize the data we collected in 1993/1994 on the population living along the banks of the Juruá, Tejo, Bagé, Igarapé São João and Breu rivers on crop cultivation, animal husbandry, and use of game and fish resources. We interviewed 133 individuals (94 on the Juruá and Tejo, 16 on Bagé, 16 on Igarapé São João and 7 on Breu rivers). Our results include a comprehensive description on local livelihoods, including the most important fish species for local subsistence considering gender and seasonality, the main husbandry and game species, and the items cultivated on the local agriculture. Whenever more recent information was available in the literature, we compared changes in livelihoods over time in the same region and also with the recent patterns observed in the Lower and in the Middle Juruá River. We hope to provide useful information to understand temporal changes in local livelihoods, which can help adapt and shape the ecological management in the region.

First record of helminths parasitizing Vanellus chilensis (Aves, Charadriiformes) in Acre state, southwestern Brazilian Amazon

ABSTRACT The southern lapwing, Vanellus chilensis, is a bird frequently seen in most of Brazil. Although it is widely distributed in other Brazilian biomes, including some parts of the Brazilian Amazon, it has only been recorded in the western Amazonian state of Acre since 2000. We report the presence of intestinal parasites in individuals of V. chilensis from the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractive Reserve in Acre through a coproparasitological analysis. Seven of the nine sampled individuals were parasitized. We observed larvae of Strongyloides sp. (28.5% of the samples), and eggs of Ascaridia sp. (28.5%), Ancylostoma sp. (14.2%), and Choanotaenia sp. (42.8%). These parasites are reported for the first time parasitizing V. chilensis in Brazil. The parasitized birds may act as reservoirs and were recorded in a peridomicile area, which may facilitate their contact with domestic birds.

Alternative Tourism and Environmental Impacts: Perception of Residents of an Extractive Reserve in the Brazilian Amazonia

Alternative tourism (AT) contributes to conservation, valuing the environment and recipient cultures with minimal impact, especially in protected areas. In this context, this article identified, considering the residents’ perception, the possible environmental impacts resulting from alternative tourism in communities of the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve (RESEX), Brazilian Amazonia. Thus, between February and April 2019 a semi-structured interview was conducted with 122 residents of three communities of RESEX (Anã, Maripá, and São Miguel). The interview script was divided into three groups of questions: (i) interviewee data, (ii) socioeconomic data, and (iii) perception of the concept and environmental impacts of alternative tourism. We used a snowball sampling method, which consists of a form of a non-probabilistic sample. The majority (91.8%) of the informants did not know how to explain the concept of alternative tourism; however, for 87.7% of them, this tourism does not generate negative impacts. Income is the most used expression (53%) by RESEX residents to demonstrate what alternative tourism positively impacts. About 74.6% of respondents reported that tourists do not influence local customs change, and 94.3% do not identify tourism-related violence. Finally, 89.3% say that tourists do not pollute the environments. The research carried out in this Conservation Unit deserves the attention of decision-makers, managers, technicians, and researchers. It provides subsidies for management programs to provide real bases for the analysis, interpretation, and planning of sustainable tourist spaces.

Resources Collected by two Melipona Illiger, 1806 (Apidae: Meliponini) Species Based on Pollen Spectrum of Honeys from the Amazon Basin

This study aimed to identify the pollen grains found in honeys of Melipona (Michmelia) seminigra pernigra Moure & Kerr and Melipona (Melikerria) interrupta Latreille in two communities of the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve, Lower Amazon (Pará, Brazil) between December 2016 and November 2017. Twenty-four samples of honey were processed, 12 samples from M. seminigra pernigra collected in the Suruacá community and 12 samples from M. interrupta in the Vila Franca community. After acetolysis, 103 pollen types were identified, distributed across 22 families, plus eight indeterminate types. Fifty-nine types were exclusive to M. seminigra pernigra, 29 types were exclusive to M. interrupta and 15 pollen types were shared between both species. Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Melastomataceae, and Myrtaceae were the most attractive pollen families, providing key resources for maintenance of these bee populations. The sharing of pollen types between both bee species revealed a high similarity in preference for certain resources. M. seminigra showed greater diversity (H’ = 1.928) than M. interrupta (H’ = 1.292). Furthermore, the diversity (H’) and equitability (J’) indexes showed a more homogeneous pattern in the pollen spectrum of honeys from M. seminigra in most months studied. These data suggest that meliponiculturists should consider the diversity of plant species found in the two communities and keep them close to the meliponary, which will favor honey management and production, as well as the local biodiversity.

Participação comunitária na gestão de recursos pesqueiros na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure, Amazônia Marajoara (PA)

As políticas ambientais brasileiras criadas no final do século XX influenciaram significativamente o manejo dos recursos naturais no país. Elas possibilitaram novos tipos de gestão ambiental e a criação de áreas protegidas, atualmente gerenciadas por meio de dispositivos de governança que envolvem a esfera institucional e os arranjos locais. O Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC), especificamente as Reservas Extrativistas Marinhas (Resex), são exemplos-chave para pensar em como a governança territorial e ambiental, através de novos instrumentos, permite a gestão inovadora dos recursos naturais de modo sustentável, equitativo e compartilhado. Com base nessa premissa, o objetivo deste texto foi o de analisar a participação comunitária na gestão dos recursos pesqueiros na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure, Marajó (PA). Para atingir esse objetivo, pesquisas de campo ocorreram entre 2015 e 2019 com base na perspectiva metodológica do estudo de caso e de métodos qualitativos de pesquisa, focados em geografia. Foram aplicadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante a pescadores artesanais e funcionários do Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) e houve participação em reuniões internas dos comunitários e do Conselho Deliberativo. Abstract COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FISHING RESOURCES IN SOURE MARINE EXTRACTIVE RESERVE, IN MARAJOARA AMAZON (PA) Brazilian environmental policies created at the end of the twentieth century have significantly influenced the management of natural resource in the country. They have made possible new types of environmental management and the creation of protected areas that are currently managed through governance devices involving the institutional sphere and local arrangements. The National System of Conservation Units, specifically, Marine Extractive Reserves, are key examples for thinking about how environmental governance, through new instruments, allows for innovative sustainable resource management, which is at once sustainable, equitable and shared. Based on this premise, this paper aims to analyze the community participation in the management of the fishing resources in the Soure Marine Extractive Reserve, Marajó (PA). To achieve this end, field researchs took place between 2015 and 2019 by using a case study methodological perspective and qualitative research methods, focused in geography. Moreover, I have applied semi structured interviews and participant observation with locals and Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation’s (ICMBio) staff and there was participation in the internal meetings of the locals and the Deliberative Council.

Methodology for the creation of a linguistic database: challenges and contributions to the teaching-learning process

This paper presents theoretical and methodological questions related to the creation of a Linguistic Database, made up of samples from the Cazumbá Iracema Extractive Reserve, located in the state of Acre, and discusses the main challenges found and contributions to the teaching and learning process of Portuguese. The methodology for collecting and organizing this database is based on the theoretical assumptions of sociolinguistic patterns, the empirical foundations of the Theory of Linguistic Variation and Change, and the methodology for collecting and manipulating data in sociolinguistics. The implementation of the proposal involves the use of software that can be used in education. The results show contributions of this sample use for the creation of teaching proposals, focusing on the language in use, identification of the sociocultural factors that influence the emergence and permanence of linguistic variation and researches in the scope of natural languages.