scholarly journals Sign language experience redistributes attentional resources to the inferior visual field

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Stoll ◽  
Matthew William Geoffrey Dye
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
The Body ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Signed Languages ◽  
Covert Visual Attention ◽  
Deaf Signers

While a substantial body of work has suggested that deafness brings about an increased allocation of visual attention to the periphery there has been much less work on how using a signed language may also influence this attentional allocation. Signed languages are visual-gestural and produced using the body and perceived via the human visual system. Signers fixate upon the face of interlocutors and do not directly look at the hands moving in the inferior visual field. It is therefore reasonable to predict that signed languages require a redistribution of covert visual attention to the inferior visual field. Here we report a prospective and statistically powered assessment of the spatial distribution of attention to inferior and superior visual fields in signers – both deaf and hearing – in a visual search task. Using a Bayesian Hierarchical Drift Diffusion Model, we estimated decision making parameters for the superior and inferior visual field in deaf signers, hearing signers and hearing non-signers. Results indicated a greater attentional redistribution toward the inferior visual field in adult signers (both deaf and hearing) than in hearing sign-naïve adults. The effect was smaller for hearing signers than for deaf signers, suggestive of either a role for extent of exposure or greater plasticity of the visual system in the deaf. The data provide support for a process by which the demands of linguistic processing can influence the human attentional system.

On the Relation between Visual Spatial Attention and Visual Field Asymmetries

1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A Mondor ◽  
M.P. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Letter Identification ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Right

In the typical visual laterality experiment, words and letters are more rapidly and accurately identified in the right visual field than in the left. However, while such studies usually control fixation, the deployment of visual attention is rarely restricted. The present studies investigated the influence of visual attention on the visual field asymmetries normally observed in single-letter identification and lexical decision tasks. Attention was controlled using a peripheral cue that provided advance knowledge of the location of the forthcoming stimulus. The time period between the onset of the cue and the onset of the stimulus (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony—SOA) was varied, such that the time available for attention to focus upon the location was controlled. At short SO As a right visual field advantage for identifying single letters and for making lexical decisions was apparent. However, at longer SOAs letters and words presented in the two visual fields were identified equally well. It is concluded that visual field advantages arise from an interaction of attentional and structural factors and that the attentional component in visual field asymmetries must be controlled in order to approximate more closely a true assessment of the relative functional capabilities of the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

scholarly journals Gaze stabilisation behaviour is anisotropic across visual field locations in zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian A. Dehmelt ◽  
Rebecca Meier ◽  
Julian Hinz ◽  
Takeshi Yoshimatsu ◽  
Clara A. Simacek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Stimulus Size ◽  
Motion Vision ◽  
Optokinetic Response ◽  
Retinal Photoreceptor

AbstractMany animals have large visual fields, and sensory circuits may sample those regions of visual space most relevant to behaviours such as gaze stabilisation and hunting. Despite this, relatively small displays are often used in vision neuroscience. To sample stimulus locations across most of the visual field, we built a spherical stimulus arena with 14,848 independently controllable LEDs, measured the optokinetic response gain of immobilised zebrafish larvae, and related behaviour to previously published retinal photoreceptor densities. We measured tuning to steradian stimulus size and spatial frequency, and show it to be independent of visual field position. However, zebrafish react most strongly and consistently to lateral, nearly equatorial stimuli, consistent with previously reported higher spatial densities in the central retina of red, green and blue photoreceptors. Upside-down experiments suggest further extra-retinal processing. Our results demonstrate that motion vision circuits in zebrafish are anisotropic, and preferentially monitor areas with putative behavioural relevance.Author summaryThe visual system of larval zebrafish mirrors many features present in the visual system of other vertebrates, including its ability to mediate optomotor and optokinetic behaviour. Although the presence of such behaviours and some of the underlying neural correlates have been firmly established, previous experiments did not consider the large visual field of zebrafish, which covers more than 160° for each eye. Given that different parts of the visual field likely carry unequal amount of behaviourally relevant information for the animal, this raises the question whether optic flow is integrated across the entire visual field or just parts of it, and how this shapes behaviour such as the optokinetic response. We constructed a spherical LED arena to present visual stimuli almost anywhere across their visual field, while tracking horizontal eye movements. By displaying moving gratings on this LED arena, we demonstrate that the optokinetic response, one of the most prominent visually induced behaviours of zebrafish, indeed strongly depends on stimulus location and stimulus size, as well as on other parameters such as the spatial and temporal frequency of the gratings. This location dependence is consistent with areas of high retinal photoreceptor densities, though evidence suggests further extraretinal processing.

Neuro-ophthalmology: Visual Fields

2021 ◽  
pp. 813-820
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Leavitt
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Visual Field Testing ◽  
Clinical Process ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
Afferent Visual System

Visual field testing is an important part of the assessment of the afferent visual system. This chapter reviews the clinical process of visual field evaluation and the localization of lesions that affect the visual system. The visual field can be thought of as an island with an outer edge beyond which one cannot see and with an elevated center. The normal extent of the peripheral field of vision from the center is 90° to 100° temporally, 75° inferiorly, and 60° nasally and superiorly. Visual fields are subjective and should be considered only 1 part of the examination of the visual pathways.

Visual field inhomogeneous in brain-computer interfaces based on rapid serial visual presentation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangen Zhang ◽  
Xiaogang Chen ◽  
Yijun Wang ◽  
Baolin Liu ◽  
Xiaorong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Lower Visual Field ◽  
Horizontal Meridian ◽  
Vertical Meridian ◽  
Upper Visual Field ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Objective. Visual attention is not homogeneous across the visual field, while how to mine the effective EEG characteristics that are sensitive to the inhomogeneous of visual attention and further explore applications such as the performance of brain-computer interface (BCI) are still distressing explorative scientists. Approach. Images were encoded into a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm, and were presented in three visuospatial patterns (central, left/right, upper/lower) at the stimulation frequencies of 10Hz, 15Hz and 20Hz. The comparisons among different visual fields were conducted in the dimensions of subjective behavioral and EEG characteristics. Furthermore, the effective features (e.g. SSVEP, N2pc and P300) that sensitive to visual-field asymmetry were also explored. Results. The visual fields had significant influences on the performance of RSVP target detection, in which the performance of central was better than that of peripheral visual field, the performance of horizontal meridian was better than that of vertical meridian, the performance of left visual field was better than that of right visual field, and the performance of upper visual field was better than that of lower visual field. Furthermore, stimuli of different visual fields had significant effects on the spatial distributions of EEG, in which N2pc and P300 showed left-right asymmetry in occipital and frontal regions, respectively. In addition, the evidences of SSVEP characteristics indicated that there was obvious overlap of visual fields on the horizontal meridian, but not on the vertical meridian. Significance. The conclusions of this study provide insights into the relationship between visual field inhomogeneous and EEG characteristics. In addition, this study has the potential to achieve precise positioning of the target's spatial orientation in RSVP-BCIs.

Rating Visual System Impairment using the Sixth Edition: Technical Aspects

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Reasonable Estimate ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Functional Vision ◽  
Vision Defects

Abstract Use of The Visual System section of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, requires knowledge and skills in ophthalmology and assessing impairment. Visual acuity usually is measured using symbols (letters, numbers, pictures, or other symbols) presented in a letter chart format. The Visual Acuity Scale (VAS) is a linear scale with fixed increments and provides a reasonable estimate of acuity-related visual abilities; the associated impairment rating is a reasonable estimate of acuity-related performance loss. This article shows how to perform visual acuity calculations and how to assess impairment of visual fields, including visual field test procedures and calculations. Additional factors can lead to a loss of functional vision and can limit the individual's ability to perform activities of daily living and include contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, color vision defects, and binocularity, stereopsis, suppression, and diplopia. If functional vision is affected and is not accounted for by visual acuity or visual field loss, the impairment rating of the visual system can be adjusted but should be limited to an increase of the impairment rating of the visual system by, at most, 15 points (ie, less severe than the total loss of one eye). The ability to rate visual impairment requires significant knowledge and education, and therefore a physician trained in ophthalmology should perform the visual examination and visual system impairment rating.

scholarly journals Perception of Biological Motion in Central and Peripheral Visual Fields

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 320-326
Author(s):  
Ilze Laicāne ◽  
Jurģis Šķilters ◽  
Vsevolod Lyakhovetskii ◽  
Elīna Zimaša ◽  
Gunta Krūmiņa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Biological Motion ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peripheral Visual Field ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Biological Motion Perception ◽  
Perception Of Biological Motion

Abstract Studies analysing biological motion perception based on reduced number of dots have demonstrated that biological motion can be perceived even when only the lower part of the body is visible or when the number of dots representing the object is reduced. What is the minimal amount of information that enables biological motion to be distinguished from its scrambled version? The results of the current experiment demonstrate that biological motion can be distinguished from its scrambled version when the object is formed of approximately 5 (4.7 ± 0.1) dots. Additionally, we also investigated whether the threshold value for biological motion perception differs in central and peripheral visual fields. By using stimulus magnification, we demonstrate that the number of dots sufficient for biological motion perception is similar in the central visual field and near periphery. Hence, stimulus magnification can compensate for reduced task performance in the peripheral visual field. The current results suggest that reduced performance of biological motion perception in the peripheral visual field (as demonstrated in other studies) is due to difficulties with the global perception of biological motion.

Visual Field Accuracy and Eye Movement Direction: A Child's Eye View

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-636
Author(s):  
Evans Mandes
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Movement Direction

Post-exposural eye movements were studied in 32 adults and 24 7-yr.-old children. Stimuli were binary figures exposed tachistoscopically in both visual fields simultaneously. The data showed significant correlations between direction of eye movement and locus of recognition for both children and adults. No significant differences were found in frequencies of eye movements of children and adults. The data are interpreted in terms of the facilitative effects of post-exposural eye movements upon perception for both groups.

On Why Objects Appear Smaller in the Visual Periphery

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wladimir Kirsch ◽  
Roland Pfister ◽  
Wilfried Kunde
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Visuospatial Attention ◽  
Peripheral Target ◽  
Perceptual Distortion ◽  
Visual Periphery ◽  
Peripheral Location ◽  
Exogenous Cue

An object appears smaller in the periphery than in the center of the visual field. In two experiments ( N = 24), we demonstrated that visuospatial attention contributes substantially to this perceptual distortion. Participants judged the size of central and peripheral target objects after a transient, exogenous cue directed their attention to either the central or the peripheral location. Peripheral target objects were judged to be smaller following a central cue, whereas this effect disappeared completely when the peripheral target was cued. This outcome suggests that objects appear smaller in the visual periphery not only because of the structural properties of the visual system but also because of a lack of spatial attention.

scholarly journals Vision as oculomotor reward: cognitive contributions to the dynamic control of saccadic eye movements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Wolf ◽  
Markus Lappe
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Saccade Target ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Foveal Vision ◽  
Subsequent Behavior ◽  
High Level

AbstractHumans and other primates are equipped with a foveated visual system. As a consequence, we reorient our fovea to objects and targets in the visual field that are conspicuous or that we consider relevant or worth looking at. These reorientations are achieved by means of saccadic eye movements. Where we saccade to depends on various low-level factors such as a targets’ luminance but also crucially on high-level factors like the expected reward or a targets’ relevance for perception and subsequent behavior. Here, we review recent findings how the control of saccadic eye movements is influenced by higher-level cognitive processes. We first describe the pathways by which cognitive contributions can influence the neural oculomotor circuit. Second, we summarize what saccade parameters reveal about cognitive mechanisms, particularly saccade latencies, saccade kinematics and changes in saccade gain. Finally, we review findings on what renders a saccade target valuable, as reflected in oculomotor behavior. We emphasize that foveal vision of the target after the saccade can constitute an internal reward for the visual system and that this is reflected in oculomotor dynamics that serve to quickly and accurately provide detailed foveal vision of relevant targets in the visual field.

scholarly journals Functional visual fields: relationship of visual field areas to self-reported function

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hikmat Subhi ◽  
Keziah Latham ◽  
Joy Myint ◽  
Michael D. Crossland
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Relationship Of
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