scholarly journals Different Patterns of Attention Bias in Worry and Rumination

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyoen Hur ◽  
Kelly Gaul ◽  
Howard Berenbaum
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Laboratory Measures

In two studies with college student participants, we explored the ways in which worry and rumination may be similar or distinct. Towards that end, as part of our research, we developed new laboratory measures of worry and rumination. In Study 1, we examined how the new lab instruments we developed differentiate worry vs. rumination and initiation vs. termination. We did so by comparing them with two other measurement methods of worry and rumination, ecological momentary assessment and questionnaires. We found that the laboratory measures were reasonably able to differentiate worry from rumination, but not initiation from termination. In Study 2, we further examined the relationship between attentional biases to threat/danger and loss/failure (using the dot probe task) and both worry and rumination to explore the nature of distinctions between worry and rumination. We found different patterns of attentional bias associated with worry and rumination. Worry was associated with bias away from threat. In contrast, rumination was associated with bias toward loss/failure. The results of the two studies suggest that there are some meaningful differences between worry and rumination. The implications of the current findings are discussed.

SWAY: Sleep disturbance as an early warning sign of suicidality in psychiatric inpatients transitioning to the community: an ecological momentary assessment study protocol (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Dewa ◽  
Sofia Pappa ◽  
Talya Greene ◽  
James Cooke ◽  
Lizzie Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Initial Hospital ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Momentary Assessment

BACKGROUND Patients are at high risk of suicidal behaviour and death by suicide immediately following discharge from an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Furthermore, there is a high prevalence of sleep problems in inpatient settings which is associated with worse outcomes following hospitalisation. However, it is unknown whether poor sleep is associated with suicidality following initial hospital discharge. Our study aim is to examine the relationship between sleep and suicidality in discharged patients using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between subjective and objective sleep parameters and suicidality in young psychiatric inpatients transitioning to the community, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of this relationship using an adapted Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) model. METHODS Our study will be the first co-produced prospective EMA using a wearable device to examine the sleep-suicide relationship during the transition from acute inpatient care to the community. Prospectively discharged inpatients aged 18-35 with a mental disorder (n>50) will be assessed for eligibility and recruited across two sites. Data on suicidal ideation, behaviour and imagery, non-suicidal self-harm and imagery, defeat, entrapment, and hopelessness, affect and sleep will be collected on the Pro-Diary V wrist-worn electronic watch for up to 14 days. Objective sleep and daytime activity will be measured using the inbuilt MotionWare software. Questionnaires will be administered face-to-face at baseline and follow-up while data will also be collected on the acceptability and feasibility of using the Pro-Diary V watch to monitor the transition following discharge. The study has been, and will continue to be, co-produced with young people with experience of being in an inpatient setting and suicidality. RESULTS South Birmingham Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 21/WM/0128) approved the study on June 28th 2021. We expect to see a relationship between poor sleep and post-discharge suicidality. Results will be available in 2022. CONCLUSIONS This will be the first EMA study to examine the relationship between sleep and suicidality, and to apply the IMV model in young patients transitioning from psychiatric hospital to community. We expect findings will directly influence policy and clinical practice, including the introduction of digital monitoring of suicidality and/or sleep before and after initial hospital discharge.

Social Contact Frequency and Pain among Older Adults with HIV: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S Herbert ◽  
Jennalee S Wooldridge ◽  
Emily W Paolillo ◽  
Colin A Depp ◽  
Raeanne C Moore
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Background Social relationships are important for pain management among individuals with HIV, but the impact of daily social contact on pain responses in real-time, real-world settings has never been specifically examined. Purpose The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between social contact frequency and pain, and the role of negative and positive affect in this relationship among older adults with HIV using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Methods A total of 66 (Mage = 59.3, SD = 6.3, range: 50–74) older adults with HIV completed EMA surveys that included social contact frequency, pain level, and negative and positive affect four times per day for 2 weeks. Mixed-effects regression models were used to examine concurrent and lagged associations between social contact frequency, pain, and negative and positive affect. Results Greater recent social contact frequency was associated with less severe current pain (unstandardized B = −0.04, 95% CI: −0.08, −0.01, p = .014), while greater current pain was associated with lower subsequent social contact frequency (unstandardized B = −0.07, 95% CI: −0.11, −0.03, p < .001). Further, higher current negative affect was related to greater current pain, and this relationship was dampened by increased recent social contact frequency (unstandardized B = −0.17, 95% CI: −0.26, −0.08, p < .001). Neither negative nor positive affect was significantly associated with the relationship between current pain and subsequent social contact frequency. Conclusions Social contact frequency and pain are bidirectionally and inversely associated among older adults with HIV. Further, recent social contact influences current pain by attenuating negative affect. Together, these results highlight the need to address social engagement in interventions for pain among older adults with HIV.

scholarly journals Emotion Regulation Style and Daily Rumination: Potential Mediators between Affect and Both Depression and Anxiety during Adolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6614
Author(s):  
Neus Zuzama ◽  
Aina Fiol-Veny ◽  
Josep Roman-Juan ◽  
Maria Balle
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Significant Direct Effect

Adolescence is a vulnerable period for depressive and anxious symptom development, and emotion regulation (ER) may be one mechanism linking temperament—i.e., positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA)—with such symptomatology. Rumination is a common ER strategy that is traditionally assessed using self-reported questionnaires, but it would also be interesting to examine it with an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) approach. Sixty-five adolescents (Mage = 14.69; SDage = 0.82; range = 14–17 years old; 53.80% girls) completed self-report measures of temperament, ER style, depression and anxiety, and underwent an EMA to investigate rumination use. Results revealed that negative ER style and rumination use mediated the relationship between NA and depression, while only rumination use mediated the relationship between PA and depression. Moreover, NA contributed to increase anxiety, but negative ER style did not significantly mediate this relationship. Rumination use also had no effect on anxiety. This study provides further support for the relationship between temperament, ER, and internalizing problems. It seems that both a negative ER style and rumination use mediate the relationship between NA and depression whereas only NA had a significant direct effect on anxiety. Furthermore, PA buffered the effect of rumination use on depression in this study.

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