scholarly journals The Bayesian New Statistics (Public)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Kruschke ◽  
Torrin Liddell
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Conceptual Distinction ◽  
The One ◽  
New Statistics ◽  
Better Than

In the practice of data analysis, there is a conceptual distinction between hypothesis testing, on the one hand, and estimation with quantified uncertainty, on the other hand. Among frequentists in psychology a shift of emphasis from hypothesis testing to estimation has been dubbed "the New Statistics" (Cumming, 2014). A second conceptual distinction is between frequentist methods and Bayesian methods. Our main goal in this article is to explain how Bayesian methods achieve the goals of the New Statistics better than frequentist methods. The article reviews frequentist and Bayesian approaches to hypothesis testing and to estimation with confidence or credible intervals. The article also describes Bayesian approaches to meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials, and power analysis.

scholarly journals The Bayesian New Statistics: Hypothesis testing, estimation, meta-analysis, and power analysis from a Bayesian perspective

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Kruschke ◽  
Torrin Liddell
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Conceptual Distinction ◽  
The One ◽  
New Statistics ◽  
Better Than

In the practice of data analysis, there is a conceptual distinction between hypothesis testing, on the one hand, and estimation with quantified uncertainty, on the other hand. Among frequentists in psychology a shift of emphasis from hypothesis testing to estimation has been dubbed "the New Statistics" (Cumming, 2014). A second conceptual distinction is between frequentist methods and Bayesian methods. Our main goal in this article is to explain how Bayesian methods achieve the goals of the New Statistics better than frequentist methods. The article reviews frequentist and Bayesian approaches to hypothesis testing and to estimation with confidence or credible intervals. The article also describes Bayesian approaches to meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials, and power analysis.

scholarly journals 165 A Review of The Current Literature on LMWH Administered at Different Times in Relation to MOS (Major Orthopaedic Surgery): Assessment of The Safety and Efficacy of The Different Proposed Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Placella ◽  
V Pace ◽  
P Antinolfi ◽  
V Salini
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Major Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Major Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
The One

Abstract Nowadays venous VTE represents an important perioperative and postoperative complication in patients undergoing elective Major Orthopedic Surgery (MOS). There are significant discrepancies between clinical practice, international recommendations, and published guidelines. Although thromboembolic events may be less common these days than in the past, they can still lead to serious medical complications. Therefore, most patients undergoing MOS procedures are provided with one of the thromboprophylactic treatments. The optimum timing of LMWH administrations remains debated. Customized structured electronic searches in PubMed and Cochrane database. Meta-Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews on different strategies of the use of LMWH for MOS. Studies on prophylactic regimens showed that subcutaneous LMWH plays a key role in the management of thromboprophylaxis in MOS. However, some controversies still stand. Among those most relevant, it remains unclear whether to start thromboprophylaxis before or after MOS to better balance the risks of clotting and bleeding. With regards to different times of LMWH administration, there is no convincing evidence that starting prophylaxis 12 hours preoperatively is associated with lower risks of VTE compared to prophylaxis started 12 to 24 hours postoperatively. Furthermore, it seems that the most safe and efficient LMWH regimen is the one called “Just-in-time” (LMWH started 6 hours post-op).

scholarly journals Digital Interventions for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Saramago ◽  
Lina Gega ◽  
David Marshall ◽  
Georgios F. Nikolaidis ◽  
Dina Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Better Than

Background: Generalized anxiety disorder is the most common mental health condition based on weekly prevalence. Digital interventions have been used as alternatives or as supplements to conventional therapies to improve access, patient choice, and clinical outcomes. Little is known about their comparative effectiveness for generalized anxiety disorder.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing digital interventions with medication, non-digital interventions, non-therapeutic controls, and no intervention.Results: We included 21 randomized controlled trials with a total of 2,350 participants from generalized anxiety disorder populations. Pooled outcomes using analysis of Covariance and rankograms based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curves indicated that antidepressant medication and group therapy had a higher probability than digital interventions of being the “best” intervention. Supported digital interventions were not necessarily “better” than unsupported (pure self-help) ones.Conclusions: Due to very wide confidence intervals, network meta-analysis results were inconclusive as to whether digital interventions are better than no intervention and non-therapeutic active controls, or whether they confer an additional benefit to standard therapy. Future research needs to compare digital interventions with one-to-one therapy and with manualized non-digital self-help and to include antidepressant medication as a treatment comparator and effect modifier.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Huili Wu ◽  
Weiping Gong ◽  
Yanyan Tang ◽  
Wuhua Xu ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Acute Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Minor Bleeding ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, a meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute cerebral infarction was carried out, the original literature inclusion criteria and retrieval strategies were developed, and the collection deadline was about new oral anticoagulants and other methods for the antithrombotic intravenous thrombolytic treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction for the relevant literature on the safety and effectiveness comparison. First, the quality of the literature is evaluated according to whether the included studies are randomized controlled trials, whether there is randomized concealment, whether blinding is used, and whether they are withdrawn or lost to follow-up, and the RevMan 5.2 software is used for meta-analysis. At the same time, grey literature databases such as dissertations were experimentally searched, and all randomized controlled studies (RCT), nonrandomized controlled studies, case-controlled studies, cohort studies, case series reports, etc. of Wingspan in the treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis were collected. In the prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with acute cerebral infarction, the difference between the two was not statistically significant ( RR = 0.82 , 95% CI (0.57, 1.17), P = 0.27 ). Compared with other methods, it can significantly reduce the all-cause mortality of patients with nonvalvular venous thrombolysis, and the difference is statistically significant ( RR = 0.90 , 95% CI (0.85, 0.96), P = 0.001 ). Experimental results show that in terms of safety, the new oral anticoagulant is better than other methods in reducing minor bleeding in patients with acute cerebral infarction, and the difference is statistically significant ( RR = 0.87 , 95% CI (0.76, 0 99), P = 0.03 ); the effect is better than other methods in reducing the incidence of serious bleeding events, and the difference is statistically significant ( RR = 0.79 , 95% CI (0.74, 0.85), P < 0.00001 ).

scholarly journals Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors versus angiotensin II receptor blockers on insulin sensitivity in hypertensive patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253492
Author(s):  
Jia Yao ◽  
Simin Fan ◽  
Xiaoyan Shi ◽  
Xiayu Gong ◽  
Jia Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
Better Than

Introduction This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the available evidence to compare angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on improving insulin sensitivity in hypertensive patients. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ACE inhibitors versus ARBs published with outcomes on homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), glucose infusion rate (GIR), the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) composite, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were searched through 5 databases. Data were searched from their inception to July 5, 2020. Stata 14.0 was used to perform the meta-analysis. Results Eleven RCTs (n = 1015) were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis of studies showed no significant difference in HOMA-IR between ARBs and ACE inhibitors (WMD = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.69 to 0.50, P = 0.755); however, subgroup analysis of therapeutic duration showed a significant difference in HOMA-IR between ARBs and ACE inhibitors among the long-term intervention subgroup (>12 weeks) (WMD = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.76, P = 0.022) and hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus subgroup (WMD = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.61, P < 0.001); results showed no significant difference between ARBs and ACE inhibitors on QUICKI score (WMD = -0.00, 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.03, P = 0.953) in hypertensive patients; however, the efficacy of ACE inhibitors on improving GIR and ISI composite was significantly better than that of ARBs (WMD = -1.09, 95% CI: -1.34 to -0.85, P < 0.001; WMD = -0.80, 95% CI: -1.24 to -0.36, P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, no significant differences were noted on FPG (WMD = 0.72, 95% CI: -1.39 to 2.83, P = 0.505), FPI (WMD = -0.48, 95% CI: -1.60 to 0.64, P = 0.398), SBP (WMD = -0.65, 95% CI: -1.76 to 0.46, P = 0.254), and DBP (WMD = -0.30, 95% CI: -1.70 to 1.10, P = 0.675) between ARBs and ACE inhibitors. Conclusion Results from this meta-analysis showed that ACE inhibitors resulted in more effective improvement of HOMA-IR compared with ARBs among the long-term intervention and hypertensive patients with DM subgroup; furthermore, the efficacy of ACE inhibitors on improving GIR and ISI composite was significantly better than that of ARBs in hypertensive patients. However, ARBs had no significant difference in QUICKI score, FPG, FPI, SBP, and DBP compared with ACE inhibitors. Larger and better-designed studies are needed to further verify this conclusion.

scholarly journals Can Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Reduce the Incidence of Venous Thrombosis in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107602962091394
Author(s):  
Yiwei Wang ◽  
Dong Huang ◽  
Maoyun Wang ◽  
Zongan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intermittent Pneumatic Compression ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
P 16 ◽  
Better Than

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication for critically ill patients. Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) is recommended for patients with high risk of bleeding. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of IPC for thromboprophylaxis in critically ill patients. We searched PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that evaluated IPC in critically ill patients. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta-analysis. A total of 10 studies were included. The IPC group significantly reduced the VTE incidence compared with no thromboprophylaxis group (risk ratio [RR]: 0.35, confidence interval [CI]: 0.18-0.68, P = .002) and the IPC group also showed lower VTE incidence than the graduated compression stockings (GCS) group (RR: 0.47, CI: 0.24-0.91, P = .03). There were no significant differences between using IPC and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for VTE incidence (RR: 1.26, CI: 0.72-2.22, P = .41), but LMWH showed significantly more bleeding events. Intermittent pneumatic compression as an adjunctive treatment did not further reduce VTE incidence (RR: 0.55, CI: 0.24-1.27, P = .16). Intermittent pneumatic compression can reduce the incidence of VTE for critically ill patients, which is better than GCS and similar to LMWH, but it has no significant advantage as an adjunct therapy for thromboprophylaxis.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Arsenic Trioxide Combined with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Treatment of Primary Hepatic Carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling He ◽  
Qingyun Xu ◽  
Liguo Chen ◽  
Ruixue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Efficacy Rate ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Hepatic Carcinoma ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Primary Hepatic Carcinoma ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Arterial Chemoembolization

Primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in the world. More and more research has shown that As2O3combined with TACE has a good curative effect in treating PHC. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of As2O3combined with TACE in treating PHC. The CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, and Cochrane databases were searched from their inception until December 2015. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing As2O3combined with TACE versus TACE alone in treating PHC were identified. Stata SE 12.0 was used for data analysis. 17 RCTs with 1055 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with TACE alone, As2O3combined with TACE showed significant effects in improving the clinical efficacy rate (P<0.01), decreasing the value of alpha-fetoprotein (P<0.01), increasing the one-year survival rate (P<0.01), and improving the quality of life of PHC patients (P<0.01). Fifteen studies had mentioned adverse events, but no serious adverse effects were reported in any of the included trials. In conclusion, As2O3combined with TACE therapy appears to be potentially effective in treating PHC and is generally safe. However, further studies with rigorous designs trials and multiregional cooperation trials are needed.

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