scholarly journals Examining Gender Differences in Predictors of Financial Satisfaction: Evidence from Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Tharp ◽  
Elizabeth Parks-Stamm
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Financial Satisfaction ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Working Adults

Using an integrative model of top-down and bottom-up influences on financial satisfaction, this study examines gender differences in the predictors of financial satisfaction in Taiwan. Using the 2016 wave of the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD), gender differences in the extent to which top-down (trait positive and negative affect) and bottom-up (demographic, financial, and social support) factors predicted financial satisfaction were explored within three Taiwanese social contexts: all adults (n=3,593), working adults (n=2,713), and married working adults (n=1,306). Varied gender differences were observed across all three social contexts. In particular, income (more strongly associated among men than women), education (more strongly associated among women than men), and trait negative affect (more strongly associated among women than men) tended to predict financial satisfaction differently by gender. Trait positive affect predicted financial satisfaction regardless of gender. The present analysis suggests traditional breadwinner ideologies continue to influence financial satisfaction assessment in Taiwan.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Gender Differences in Subjective Wellbeing in Children and Adolescents: The UP&DOWN Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2732
Author(s):  
Sara Esteban-Gonzalo ◽  
Laura Esteban-Gonzalo ◽  
Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez ◽  
Marta Miret ◽  
Oscar L. Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Linear Regression Models

Objective: Based on a three-factor model of subjective wellbeing (evaluative, hedonic and eudemonic), the purpose of this study was to analyze gender differences in children and adolescents through three different subjective wellbeing indicators. Method: The sample comprised 1.407 children and adolescents from Cadiz and Madrid (Spain), in the framework of the UP&DOWN study. Life satisfaction was measured with the subjective happiness scale, positive and negative affect were measured with the positive and negative affect schedule, and purpose in life was assessed with the children’s hope scale. Results: Linear regression models indicate the existence of significant gender differences only in adolescents, with higher scores among girls in positive affect (p = 0.016) and negative affect (p < 0.001) but with lower scores in purpose in life (p = 0.024). Conclusions: These results highlight the role of gender as an important factor in explaining differences in subjective wellbeing. Additionally, results indicate that gender differences in subjective wellbeing are observed in adolescents, but not in children, suggesting that the gender gap in subjective wellbeing begins at the age of 12. Mental health practitioners should pay attention to these findings in order to implement screening methods and interventions focused on these needs.

Meaning in Life, Self-Control, Positive and Negative Affect: Exploring Gender Differences Among Adolescents

2019 ◽  
pp. 0044118X1988373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Hamama ◽  
Yaira Hamama-Raz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
And Gender

The present study explores gender differences in adolescence with regard to meaning in life and self-control skills and in relation to positive and negative affect. Participants were 500 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 16 years. Outcomes revealed that females reported higher negative affect and self-control skills in comparison with males. Moreover, the association between self-control skills and negative affect was stronger among females than among males. In contrast to our assumptions, positive affect was not found to be higher among females although females scored higher in meaning in life than their male counterparts. In addition, self-control skills mediated the association between meaning in life and negative affect, and gender moderated the association between self-control skills and negative affect only among females. Considering these findings, gender seems to be vital in explaining differences in the use of self-control skills and meaning in life and their links to positive and negative affect.

scholarly journals The Ontology of Discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-286
Author(s):  
Giuliano Torrengo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Ontological Ground ◽  
Reductionist Approach

Abstract Discrimination is a social phenomenon which seems to be widespread across different societies and cultures. Examples of discrimination concerning race, class, gender, and sexual orientation are not difficult to find in contemporary western societies. In this article, the author focus on the ontological ground of this phenomenon, with particular attention to its diffuse and institutionalised forms. The author defends a broadly speaking reductionist approach, according to which the various manifestations of discrimination are grounded on the existence of the effects of “discriminatory stances” in social contexts. Discrimination may become part of the institutional sphere, either by way of bottom-up “crystallisation” of discriminatory practices, or by top-down “dilution” of institutional defaults into ordinary interactions.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Partner Affect Mediate Affect Contagion in Older Couples' Daily Life: An Experience-Sampling Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
Elisa Weber ◽  
Gizem Hueluer
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Relationship Partners ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Intimate relationship partners dynamically covary in their affective states. One mechanism through which intimate relationship partners experience and shape each other’s affective states is affect contagion, i.e., the spread of affective states from one person to another. The degree to which social-cognitive processes are involved in affect contagion in daily life remains unclear. The majority of older adults live together with a spouse/partner, and intimate relationships are one of the most important social contexts in their daily lives. Expanding on previous research, we focused on contagion of positive and negative affect between older relationship partners, and examined whether processes of affect contagion were mediated by perceptions of partner affect, i.e., how individuals thought their partners felt at previous moments. We used data from an experience sampling study with 152 older heterosexual couples (304 participants; 65+ years old) who reported on their positive and negative affect, perceptions of their partner’s positive and negative affect, and presence or absence of partners 6 times a day for 14 days. Dyadic multilevel mediation models were used to evaluate our hypotheses. We observed strong evidence that processes of positive affect contagion between partners were mediated by perceptions of partner’s affective states. Negative affect contagion was directed from men to women, but not vice versa, and mediated by perceptions of partner’s affective states. Partner presence was unrelated to processes of affect contagion. Our findings help identify underlying mechanisms of affect contagion and support the notion that perceptions of close others’ emotions might shape our own feelings.

The Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of Positive and Negative Affect

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Joshanloo ◽  
Ali Bakhshi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Invariance Testing ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scalar Invariance ◽  
Gender Groups

Abstract. This study investigated the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Mroczek and Kolarz’s scales of positive and negative affect in Iran (N = 2,391) and the USA (N = 2,154), and across gender groups. The two-factor model of affect was supported across the groups. The results of measurement invariance testing confirmed full metric and partial scalar invariance of the scales across cultural groups, and full metric and full scalar invariance across gender groups. The results of latent mean analysis revealed that Iranians scored lower on positive affect and higher on negative affect than Americans. The analyses also showed that American men scored significantly lower than American women on negative affect. The significance and implications of the results are discussed.

Psychology and Culture: Top Down Versus Bottom Up?

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cole
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Trajectories of positive and negative affect across the transition to college: The role of daily interactions with parents and friends.

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 2181-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam A. Rogers ◽  
Kimberly A. Updegraff ◽  
Masumi Iida ◽  
Thomas J. Dishion ◽  
Leah D. Doane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Transition To College ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Daily Interactions
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