scholarly journals Can labour market digitalization increase social mobility? Evidence from a European survey of online platform workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Martindale ◽  
Vili Lehdonvirta
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Online Platform ◽  
Customer Feedback ◽  
Family Connections ◽  
Privileged Class ◽  
Online Tests

Children tend to inherit their parents’ social class through the types of jobs they get. However, digital technologies are now transforming the way labour markets work. Candidates are increasingly screened using algorithmic decision making. Skills are validated with online tests and customer feedback ratings. Workplace communications take place over digital media. Could these transformations be undermining the advantages that have accrued to workers with posh accents, family connections, and expensively acquired educational qualifications? We examine this question with survey data from the online (remote) platform economy, a labour market segment in which these digital transformations have progressed furthest (N = 983). The results reveal that online platform workers come largely from privileged class backgrounds. Class also influences (via education) what types of online occupations workers do, from professional services to data entry. However, class background has surprisingly little influence on job quality, which is instead shaped by individual digital metrics such as feedback ratings. These findings cannot be fully reconciled with theories of a shift towards meritocracy nor with theories of a persisting influence of class origins. Instead, labour market digitalization may be decoupling inherited occupation from job quality.

Positioning of tourist destinations in the digital era: a review of online customer feedback

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Tripathi ◽  
Parul Wasan
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Site Management ◽  
Visitor Experience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Reviews ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Customer Feedback ◽  
Thoughtful Discussion

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify features of online content that create engagement amongst consumers by exploring online customer feedback from the world’s leading tourist website (s). This paper also attempts to unveil the factors based on customer reviews, which will be vital for the tourism industry professionals to promote and position India’s tourist destinations. Design/methodology/approach This paper involves an analysis of customer feedback from TripAdvisor.com. The approach to research is exploratory and attempts to uncover critical factors arising out of rising visitor experience in the digital media sphere. Findings Key factors are nuanced around service quality of the destination image. Identified factors that need the attention of the policymakers, site management and service professionals at large are fairness of price, distractions/irritants and varied expectations of the international and national tourists. Practical implications The findings will have substantial implications for the policymakers, the site management and service professionals. Research outcomes are based on the analysis of real customer reviews hence makes this study vital for decision-makers as well as for academic researchers working in this area. Originality/value This study used the real tourist’s data from TripAdvisor.com. The customer’s postings on the website are those of verified visitors. This paper should help in developing a thoughtful discussion around positioning India as a preferred destination in the online arena aiming at future tourists.

A turning point for labour market policy in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Labour Market Policy ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Political Forces

Australian labour market and industrial relations policies are poised for fundamental change. A combination of political and macroeconomic factors has created a historic opportunity to turn away from the individualised, market-driven labour market policy that has prevailed since the 1980s, in favour of a more interventionist and egalitarian approach. Factors contributing to this moment include the breakdown of bipartisan consensus around key neoliberal precepts; growing public anger over inequality, insecure work and stagnant wages; and a weakening of macroeconomic conditions. Australia’s labour market is now marked by underutilisation of labour in various forms, a deterioration in job quality (especially the growth of insecure and precarious work) and unprecedented weakness in wages. The deterioration in job quality and distributional outcomes is the long-term legacy of the post-1980s shift away from Australia’s earlier tradition of equality-seeking institutional structures and regulatory practices. The current malaise in labour markets should be confronted with a comprehensive strategy to both increase the quantity of work available to Australian workers and improve its quality. The major components of such a strategy are identified, and their prospects considered, in light of the economic and political forces reshaping Australia’s labour market. JEL Codes: J28, J38, J53, J58, J83

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to foreigners and attitudes towards equal opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pecoraro ◽  
Didier Ruedin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Occupational Level ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Job Prospects

Abstract We examine the relationship between attitudes to foreigners and the share of foreigners at the occupational level. Using a question on equal opportunities for foreigners from the Swiss Household Panel, ordered probit regression models show a negative association between the share of foreigners in one’s occupation and positive attitudes to foreigners: workers seem to react to competition with foreigners. When we add the occupational unemployment rate, objective pressures in the labour market appear as relevant as contact at the occupational level. Further controlling for occupational heterogeneity establishes that both factors—particularly objective pressures—are probably accounted for by sorting on job quality. We also show that the association between the occupational share of foreigners and attitudes decreases for workers with better job prospects. This implies that workers welcome foreigners to overcome labour market shortages.

Reviewing the 2018 OECD Jobs Strategy – anything new under the sun?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen McBride ◽  
James Watson
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
General Question ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Specific Question ◽  
New Strategy

This article analyses the documents released by the OECD at the end of May 2018 launching a revised Jobs Strategy. The analysis frames the new initiative in the context of the two previous Jobs Strategies of 1994 and 2006. We pose the general question of whether continuity or discontinuity is the prevailing theme, along with a specific question concerning the significance of new themes of job quality and inclusive growth, given the documents’ simultaneous endorsement of the older theme of flexibility-enhancing policies to ensure a labour market functioning without rigidities. Flexibility had been the central feature of previous Jobs Strategies, although there was also a nod in the direction of an alternative route to better employment performance in the 2006 revision. The 2018 documents assert that the new strategy represents a significant departure from the previous iterations. This article provides a critical evaluation of this claim.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Active Labour Market Programmes on the Job Quality of Welfare Recipients in Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHARINA DENGLER
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Active Labour Market Programmes

AbstractUsing rich administrative data on unemployed welfare recipients in Germany and propensity score matching, the author analyses the effects of participating in four major active labour market programmes (ALMPs) on various dimensions of job quality. In Germany, welfare recipients may suffer from poor job quality because they are forced to accept any reasonable job offer. However, few studies consider the effects of participation in ALMPs on job quality. The results imply that participation in a programme not only increases the probability of taking jobs but also increases the probability of holding a high-quality job for some dimension of job quality. In particular, further vocational training is very effective in terms of job quality for West German women. Thus, job centres should focus on the activation of unemployed welfare recipients.

scholarly journals Legal change and labour market restructuring in Western Europe and the US

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Employment Rights ◽  
Market Restructuring

The major changes that have taken place in the New Zealand labour market since 1984, and which are reflected in recent changes to the welfare system, are not unique and follow trends that have developed in other OECD countries in the last decade. One of the most significant of these trends is legislative and other moves to encourage greater "efficiency" in the labour market. Deregulation, involving the withdrawal of legal guarantees of employment protection and union organization, is only one of the techniques which governments have used in an attempt to promote labo,ur market flexibility over the past decade. In continental Europe new forms of employment and the flexibilization of working time have been encouraged without dismantling the framework of employment rights. In many cases this has involved an extended role for collective bargaining and worker representation at plant and company level. In the US and Britain, by contrast, flexibility has been pursued at the cost of destabilizing the employment relationship, undermining training and job quality.

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