Schengen’s Excluded: Third Country Nationals and EU Citizenship Regimes on the Polish-German Border
This article investigates how the supranational policies of European Union (EU) citizenship were experienced by “third country nationals” living as non-citizen residents in the transnational urban space of Słubice, Poland and Frankfurt(Oder), Germany—two cities separated only by the Polish-German border. With an emphasis on the implementation of the Schengen acquis—the EU’s common policies on cooperation in law enforcement, visas, and the management of its borders--this article begins with an examination of the ways in which third country nationals are categorized as a group separate from EU citizens. This article then explores how the everyday presence of the border between Słubice and Frankfurt(Oder) excluded third country nationals from the exercise of EU citizenship through practices that placed limits on their freedom of movement. Finally, this article describes how specific individuals responded to these limitations by strategically managing their visa and citizenship statuses.Because of the cities’ unique border location, the residents of Słubice/Frankfurt(Oder) demonstrate the development of unequal citizenship regimes for EU citizens and non-citizens, in which each group is extended differential access to the entitlements, privileges, and rights of citizenship. By exploring how third country nationals’ ability to exercise citizenship rights were structured and constrained by EU laws and regulations, this article documents the emergence of one instance of illiberality within the EU’s ostensibly neoliberal and democratic economic and political projects, and brings into sharp relief the central role the right to free movement plays in the exercise of full citizenship within the EU.