scholarly journals Elegant Security: Concept, Evidence and Implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Farrell ◽  
Nick Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Continual Improvement ◽  
Security Technologies ◽  
Life Issue

Some security devices can be ugly, inconvenient or an infringement on civil liberties. This means that security is a quality of life issue as well as one of crime prevention. Here we propose that, in addition to preventing crime and being cost effective, security should preferably be ethical and unobtrusive, aesthetically neutral or pleasing, and the easy-to-use or default option. We describe security with such characteristics as ‘elegant’. We use two case studies to explore how, as many types of crime have declined in recent decades, there was an increase in elegant and a decrease in inelegant security. We suggest that the lifecycle of some security technologies sees them evolve from inelegant to elegant, that continual improvement is required to keep ahead of offender adaptations, and that inelegant security can fall into disuse even if it prevents crime. It is hoped that this conceptual contribution might inform discussions about the appropriate form and role of security.

scholarly journals Elegant security: Concept, evidence and implications

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082093210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Farrell ◽  
Nick Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Continual Improvement ◽  
Security Technologies ◽  
Life Issue

Some security devices can be ugly, inconvenient or an infringement on civil liberties. This means that security is a quality of life issue as well as one of crime prevention. Here we propose that, in addition to preventing crime and being cost effective, security should preferably be ethical and unobtrusive, aesthetically neutral or pleasing, and the easy-to-use or default option. We describe security with such characteristics as ‘elegant’. We use two case studies to explore how, as many types of crime have declined in recent decades, there was an increase in elegant and a decrease in inelegant security. We suggest that the lifecycle of some security technologies sees them evolve from inelegant to elegant, that continual improvement is required to keep ahead of offender adaptations, and that inelegant security can fall into disuse even if it prevents crime. It is hoped that this conceptual contribution might inform discussions about the appropriate form and role of security.

scholarly journals Third-Generation Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Mihinjac ◽  
Gregory Saville
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

This paper advances crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) theory and practice by introducing a holistic and integrated crime prevention theory called Third-Generation CPTED. We use Third-Generation CPTED to expand both the situational focus of traditional CPTED and the social ecology/neighbourhood focus of Second-Generation CPTED, by creating a new theory that integrates human motivation and aspirations within a neighbourhood Liveability Hierarchy. Central to our theory is the planning concept of liveability and, because safety from crime, fear, and victimization is such an integral part of quality of life, we present two underlying themes on which liveability depends: public health and sustainability. We propose some theoretical assumptions and propositions that underpin the theory and suggest areas for future research. Our contention is that a holistic and integrative Third-Generation CPTED elevates liveability from the role of basic infrastructure and habitat to providing residents with opportunities to enhance their own personal aspirations and improve their quality of life.

Non-pharmacological approaches to dementia: An overview of foundations & considerations

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Linda Carozza ◽  
Lisa-Marie Serrone ◽  
Lara Sugatan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Technological Interventions

Dementia is a syndrome characterized by the progressive degeneration of one's cognitive function. The syndrome inflicts one in every nine individuals 65 and older; and 200,000 individuals under the age of 65. Currently, no cure exists; thus, finding the highest quality treatment to reduce the symptoms of the disease must become priority. Maintaining or increasing one’s quality of life is the utmost goal of any therapy for individuals with dementia. Currently, non-pharmacological approaches for suppressing concomitant symptoms of the disease have become highly debated and researched for their usefulness and for their ability to achieve this goal. Several therapeutic methods that can be considered non-pharmacological - music therapy, narrative telling , poetry, art therapy, technological interventions, and exercise and dance movement programs. A literature review was completed in order to determine the role of theseapproaches on dementia. Findings indicate that there is a small effect on cognition during these therapies presently, but there is still insufficient research in the area to conclude a sufficient difference. Non-pharmacological treatments yield potential quality of life benefits while additionally being cost-effective compared to medical interventions. Due its prevalence, further research on this topic is warranted and necessary.

scholarly journals The role of platelet rich plasma injection in the management of early osteoarthritis of the knee

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Yeshwanth Subash ◽  
Kamalakumar K. ◽  
Lydia M.
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Womac Score ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Early Osteoarthritis

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Osteoarthritis of the knee is a degenerative disorder associated with significant morbidity in the form of pain, knee stiffness and decrease in the functional capacity of the affected limb leading to a decrease in the quality of life for the patient. Various modalities of treatment are available for the management of this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection in the management of early osteoarthritis of the knee and to compare the functional outcome with the studies of various authors as available in literature.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">60 patients with Kellgrenn and Lawrence grade 1 and 2 osteoarthritis of the knee were studied from January 2014 to January 2015 and were followed up for a period of 1 year</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">There were 39 males and 21 female patients in our study with the right side being more commonly affected. There was a significant decrease in the VAS score and the WOMAC score at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow up as compared to the pre-injection baseline scores. All patients were satisfied with the procedure in terms of functional outcome. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">PRP injection is a cost effective, safe and efficient procedure with easily reproducible results and gives good functional results in terms of pain relief, improvement of range of movements and mobility, and improves the quality of life in patients with early osteoarthritis of the knee.</span></p>

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