scholarly journals (Poly)Middelengebruik in Relatie tot Crimineel Gedrag: Een Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas Suurmond
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
The Cost

Substance use and delinquent behavior like theft, violence and unacceptable sexual behavior is often mentioned in the same breath. The prevalence of substance use is higher in forensic populations and Tbs-populations (a Dutch forensic psychiatric hospital) compared to the general population. Nevertheless, there is still much unknown about the relation between substance use and criminal behavior and the literature at hand seems to be insufficient for a complex Tbs-population. The main goal of the study is to give an overview of existing literature about (poly)substance use and criminal behavior exposing gaps in knowledge. A scoping review is conducted in this context.After setting inclusion and exclusion criteria literature was screened in three steps; based on title, abstract and full-text. This resulted in 299 articles relevant for further synthesis.Results show that partner violence, property, violent, and unspecified crimes are the most researched criminal behavior in the literature. Most common substances are alcohol, cannabis, cocaine and heroin. Polysubstance use is found in a quarter of the studies and is often unspecified, if specified it mainly contains combinations of alcohol with other substances.There seem to be different reasons for existing knowledge gaps; some substances are more logic with criminal behavior.; some criminal behavior is less common. It turns out that the that the majority of the literature is about alcohol and cannabis what possibly comes at the cost of research about other substances.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Smoking Among an Urban Emergency Department Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1179173X1987913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol B Cunradi ◽  
Juliet Lee ◽  
Anna Pagano ◽  
Raul Caetano ◽  
Harrison J Alter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Food Insufficiency ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Emergency Department

Background: Urban emergency department (ED) patients have elevated smoking and substance use compared with the general population. We analyzed gender differences in smoking among an urban ED sample and assessed the contribution of substance use, demographic, and couple factors. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data obtained from a cross-sectional, observational survey (N = 1037 participants) on drinking, drug use, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Gender-specific logistic regression models for current (past 30-day) smoking and multinomial regression models for smoking intensity (light: ⩽5 cigarettes per day [CPD]; moderate: 6 to 10 CPD; heavier: >10 CPD) were estimated. Results: Smoking prevalence was higher among men than women (35.5% vs 18.9%; P < .001). Substance use (frequency of intoxication, marijuana, amphetamine, and cocaine use), demographic (food insufficiency, unemployment), and couple-related factors (having a spouse/partner who smoked, IPV involvement, being in a same-gender couple) were differentially associated with current smoking and level of intensity among men and women. Conclusions: Emergency department staff should consider the impact of polysubstance use, food insufficiency, unemployment, and whether both partners in the couple smoke when screening patients for smoking and formulating cessation treatment plans. Women in same-gender relationships and those who have experienced IPV involvement may require additional referral.

scholarly journals Substance Use, Mental Health, HIV Testing, and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the State of Maharashtra, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael Wilkerson ◽  
Angela Di Paola ◽  
Shruta Rawat ◽  
Pallav Patankar ◽  
B. R. Simon Rosser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hazardous Drinking ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Sex With Men

Among 433 men who have sex with men in Maharashtra, India who completed an online survey, 23% reported hazardous drinking, 12% illicit substance, and 9% polysubstance use. The overall prevalence of depression and intimate partner violence (IPV) were 58% and 56%, respectively. Participants engaging in hazardous drinking had more sexual partners and were less likely to be married to women. Participants reporting illicit substance use or polysubstance use were more likely to have been out, had more sexual partners, or experienced IPV. Those reporting illicit substance use were more likely to engage in condomless anal sex. Based on our findings, we suggest that public health interventions integrate HIV, substance use, and mental health services.

scholarly journals Emotional Intelligence Programs in Education System

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Education System ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Life Stressors ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Children's Development

Curriculum-based social emotional interventions have important implications for helping to support children’s development. If children are taught and understand their emotions, they will be able to develop healthy coping skills and manage life stressors in more positive and healthy ways. Several studies suggest unhealthy coping is related to delinquent behavior in youth; individuals with avoidant coping skills may distract themselves from problems or stress with criminal behavior and substance use [1]. However, if individuals are never taught about emotions how can we expect them to understand emotions, handle stress and develop healthy coping skills. Throughout our lives we experience many emotions daily and sometimes we are not able to accurately describe what we are feeling, or we don’t know what to do to help ourselves feel better. We are expected to know our emotions and how to cope in healthy ways without ever being taught.

High-School Students Rarely Use E-Cigarettes Alone: A Sociodemographic Analysis of Polysubstance Use Among Adolescents in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Gilbert ◽  
Christine M Kava ◽  
Rima Afifi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High School Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
School Students ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
And Bisexual

Abstract Introduction Most adolescents reporting e-cigarette use have also used combustible tobacco; however, the extent to which they use other substances is less clear. This study assessed e-cigarette use with tobacco, alcohol, or cannabis and quantified the risk of polysubstance use among adolescents overall and by sociodemographic characteristics. Aims and Methods Using 2017 Youth Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from adolescents (grades 9–12) with complete substance use information (n = 11 244), we examined e-cigarette poly-use status (none [referent], e-cigarettes only, or e-cigarettes + other substances). We estimated the prevalence of substance use and modeled odds of e-cigarette use, alone or with other substances, by several sociodemographic characteristics. Analyses were completed in Stata version 15.1 using survey procedures to account for the complex survey design. Results Approximately 12% of adolescents reported past 30-day e-cigarette use. Almost all (93%) e-cigarette users also reported other substance use; alcohol appeared most frequently in combinations. Odds of e-cigarette single use and e-cigarette poly-use (vs. no use) were higher for males and adolescents with lower grades (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.44–2.31). Racial/ethnic minorities had lower odds of e-cigarette poly-use than White peers (ORs = 0.18–0.61), and bisexual (vs. straight) adolescents were more likely to be e-cigarette poly-users (OR = 1.62). E-cigarette use increased from 9th grade (7%) to 12th grade (16%). Conclusions Polysubstance use is highly prevalent among adolescents who use e-cigarettes. Therefore, e-cigarette screening should include the assessment of other substances, especially alcohol. Early and comprehensive prevention efforts to reduce e-cigarette and other substance use could have a substantial beneficial impact on population health over time. Implications This study extends knowledge about e-cigarette use among adolescents by exploring its use with alcohol, cannabis, and other tobacco products. We found that e-cigarettes were very rarely used alone, and our analysis identified several sociodemographic factors associated with greater odds of e-cigarette polysubstance use. In response, we recommend that prevention interventions address multiple substances concurrently, screen repeatedly to detect new initiation as age increases, focus on e-cigarette use as a less stigmatized entry point to discussions of substance use, and target priority population subgroups.

scholarly journals The socioeconomic burden of antibiotic resistance in conflict-affected settings and refugee hosting countries: a systematic scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Kobeissi ◽  
Marilyne Menassa ◽  
Krystel Moussally ◽  
Ernestina Repetto ◽  
Ismail Soboh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a major global threat. Armed and protracted conflicts act as multipliers of infection and ABR, thus leading to increased healthcare and societal costs. We aimed to understand and describe the socioeconomic burden of ABR in conflict-affected settings and refugee hosting countries by conducting a systematic scoping review. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Open Grey databases was conducted to identify all relevant human studies published between January 1990 and August 2019. An updated search was also conducted in April 2020 using Medline/Ovid. Independent screenings of titles/abstracts followed by full texts were performed using pre-defined criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. Data extraction and analysis were based on the PICOS framework and following the PRISMA-ScR guideline. Results The search yielded 8 studies (7 publications), most of which were single-country, mono-center and retrospective studies. The studies were conducted in Lebanon (n = 3), Iraq (n = 2), Jordan (n = 1), Palestine (n = 1) and Yemen (n = 1). Most of the studies did not have a primary aim to assess the socioeconomic impact of ABR and were small studies with limited statistical power that could not demonstrate significant associations. The included studies lacked sufficient information for the accurate evaluation of the cost incurred by antibiotic resistant infections in conflict-affected countries. Conclusion This review highlights the scarcity of research on the socioeconomic burden of ABR on general populations in conflict-affected settings and on refugees and migrants in host countries, and lists recommendations for consideration in future studies. Further studies are needed to understand the cost of ABR in these settings to develop and implement adaptable policies.

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