IMPLIED AUTHOR AND IMPLIED READER IN ROCOCO NOVEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
N.T. Pakhsaryan
Keyword(s):  
Reading Public ◽  
Implied Reader ◽  
Implied Author ◽  
A Chain

The article concerns the forms and functions of the implied author and the implied reader in the novels by Lesage, Prevost, Marivaux, Crébillon, Bibiena, Diderot, Defoe, Fielding and Stern. Referring to the narrative on behalf of the hero, which is mainly used in the Rococo novel, as well as the narrative from the author in Fielding's novels equally, although in different ways, complicate the identification of the implied author, whose image is displaced by the explicit narrator. At the same time, there is a process of making the relations with readers intimate, both in the «Appeals to the reader» and in the novels themselves in various forms of appeal to explicit readers – to the community of friends, to a friend, etc. In the Rococo novelistic prose, an «uncertain narrative» is formed, consisting of a chain of stories within one story and a variety of narrators, which reveals the ambiguity of the implied author's statements and descriptions, as well as the breadth and indefiniteness of the reading public that the novelist actually addresses.

scholarly journals METAFICTIONAL FEATURES IN MUṢṬAFĀ AL-RĀFI‘Ī’S “RASĀ’IL AL-’AḤZĀN (LETTERS OF SORROWS)” ملامح ميتاقصّيّة في "رسائل الأحزان" لمصطفى الرافعي

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hamad ◽  
Mahmoud Kabha
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Implied Reader ◽  
Implied Author ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Literary Phenomenon

This study traces the signs of metawriting or metafiction as a phenomenon in a literary sample written by al-Rāfi‘ī in 1924. More specifically, the study investigates the features of this phenomenon in al-Rāfi‘ī’s book “Rasā’il ’al-’Aḥzān (Letters of Sorrows)”. The study attempts to answer the following questions: How did al-Rāfi‘ī work with metafiction before it appeared as a literary phenomenon at the end of the twentieth century? And how was metafiction reflected in his literary writings? We do indeed find that al-Rāfi‘ī talked about the author, the narrator and the implied author. He also talked about metalanguage and about writing as a craft, discussing its processes, purposes, methodologies and expressive techniques as well as exploring the relationship between the author and the implied reader. All of these are considered metafictional features, thus proving our hypothesis that metafiction as a phenomenon had existed before the end of the twentieth century, and that al-Rāfi‘ī used various metafictional features in his writings. نتتبع في هذه الدراسة إرهاصات لظاهرة الميتاكتابة أو الميتاقص، في نموذج أدبي للرافعي من عام 1924. حيث تستقصي الدراسة ملامح الظاهرة في كتابه "رسالة الأحزان". تحاول الدراسة الإجابة عن السؤال: كيف اشتغل الرافعي بالميتاكتابة قبل أن تكون ظاهرة أدبية كما ظهر في نهاية القرن العشرين؟ وكيف انعكست الميتا كتابة في كتاباته الأدبية؟ نجد أن الرافعي قد تحدّث عن المؤلف والراوي والمؤلف الضمنيّ، وعن الميتالغة وعن الكتابة كصنعة، سيرورتها والغاية منها، منهجيتها وأدواتها التعبيرية، كما تحدث عن علاقة المؤلف بالقارئ الافتراضي المروي له. يعتبر كل ذلك ملامح ميتاقصية، مما يثبت فرضيتنا أن الظاهرة الميتاقصية وجدت قبل نهاية القرن العشرين، وأن الرافعي استخدم بعضا منها. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0880/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Methods of Representing Implied Author and Implied Reader in GavKhuni and its Film Adaptation

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (86) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Ali Taslimi ◽  
Behrouz Mahmoudi Bakhtiari ◽  
Mahmoud Ranjbar ◽  
Fakhry Rasouli Geravi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Film Adaptation ◽  
Implied Reader ◽  
Implied Author

Readers in Texts

PMLA ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Daniel Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Reader Response ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Response Theory ◽  
Implied Reader ◽  
Reading Behavior ◽  
Reader Response Theory ◽  
Implied Author ◽  
American Reader

The failure to distinguish between Iser's “implied” reader (analogous to Booth's implied author and referring to the reading behavior a text demands of us) and the “characterized” reader (referred to directly or indirectly in the text) has promoted a good deal of critical confusion. Although the work of Wolff, Iser, Ong, Link, and Prince, among others, is crucial to our understanding of how fictional readers function in texts, it generates certain misleading conceptual categories. In part this confusion is due to a gap between continental and American reader-response theory. The “implied reader” is not a philosopher's stone that will objectify criticism, but it can be a useful concept to the newer communicationoriented theories of criticism.

Implication versus Inference

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne A. Jameson
Keyword(s):  
Reader Response ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Narrative Theory ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Implied Reader ◽  
Implied Author ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Martha Stewart

The narrative concepts of the implied author and implied reader elucidate how business texts represent writers and readers. It is important, though, to distinguish carefully between writers’ implications and readers’ inferences. Instructors should contrast implied versus inferred writers and readers, provide multiple ways to comprehend these concepts, and illustrate them with examples (e.g., those provided in this article from Citigroup, Andersen, and Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia). The meaning-as-event analytical method, from reader-response narrative theory, reveals specific language features through which business texts manifest readers and writers. To help writers plan and readers analyze such texts, instructors may use the teaching suggestions, sample assignments, prewriting heuristics, and evaluation criteria provided in this article.

scholarly journals ‘Shakespeare in the bush’ and encountering the other in the hermeneutical dialectic of belonging and distanciation

1994 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Waetjen
Keyword(s):  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Implied Reader ◽  
Implied Author ◽  
The World ◽  
Linguistic Code ◽  
Speech Performance

‘Shakespeare in the Bush’ is an account of an anthropologist’s hermeneutical experience among the Tiv people of Nigeria that serves as an illustration o f a hermeneutical circle which results in transforming the otherness of a text into the sameness of the prejudices artd traditions projected by the preunderstanding in order to understand. This essay poses the hermeneutical objective of validity in interpretation by advocating an encounter with the otherness of the text that is orientated to the speech performance of the author, as it is conveyed by the textual structures of the implied author and the implied reader. Heidegger’s artd Gadamer’s ontological condition of being-in-the-world and its projection of understanding are acknowledged as the only legitimate point o f departure for interpretation. If alienating distanciation is to be evoked by an ‘effective historical consciousness’, a text must be read with the ‘irony of interpretation’ that interacts with it, the text, as both a speech performance (parole) and a linguistic code (langue).

scholarly journals Die funksie van Elihu (Job 32-37) in die boek Job

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
H. Viviers
Keyword(s):  
Implied Reader ◽  
Book Of Job ◽  
Implied Author ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Politeness Strategies

The function of Elihu (Job 32-37) in the book of Job. The Elihu speeches (Job 32-37) in the design of the book of Job are usually evaluated either totally redundant or literary fitting and functional. Why were they integrated in the book of Job, without adding anything new or profound? A literary-pragmatic analysis was done on these speeches to detennine their function in Job. The text was analysed narratologically and poetically. This was complemented with insights from reception-criticism ("implied author", "implied reader") and pragmatics (politeness strategies) in order to also. read "between the lines". The exigency for the integration of the Elihu speeches in the book of Job seems to be the ironic exposure of the doctrine of retribution.

Observation of Atom Rows in Thorium Pyromellitate Using a Field Emission STEM

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
H. Todokoro ◽  
S. Nomura ◽  
T. Komoda
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Dark Field Image ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Amorphous Carbon Film ◽  
Atomic Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Chain

It is interesting to observe polymers at atomic size resolution. Some works have been reported for thorium pyromellitate by using a STEM (1), or a CTEM (2,3). The results showed that this polymer forms a chain in which thorium atoms are arranged. However, the distance between adjacent thorium atoms varies over a wide range (0.4-1.3nm) according to the different authors.The present authors have also observed thorium pyromellitate specimens by means of a field emission STEM, described in reference 4. The specimen was prepared by placing a drop of thorium pyromellitate in 10-3 CH3OH solution onto an amorphous carbon film about 2nm thick. The dark field image is shown in Fig. 1A. Thorium atoms are clearly observed as regular atom rows having a spacing of 0.85nm. This lattice gradually deteriorated by successive observations. The image changed to granular structures, as shown in Fig. 1B, which was taken after four scanning frames.

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