ECOLOGICAL CONSCIOUSNESS POETRY: A STUDY OF GARY SYNDER'S POETRY

Ecological consciousness poetry is considered as a modern literary movement, it has its roots in the west side of the world originated in the United States of America on the second half of 20th century. The concept of nature was the major theme in the Romantic era. On the other hand, eco-writers have their consideration of nature. This research highlighting on one of the most important parts in this movement which is "ecopoetry" by explaining its implications of nature in Gary Snyder's poetry, who is one of the pioneers of beat generation. The first section of the research concerns with Gary Snyder's early life and highlights on his most significant perspectives. The second one is a kind of a critical part, which concerns with eco-critical approach, its roots, concept, and a list of a critical questions which asks by its critics. The third section is the most important one in my opinion, which is the implication of ecological consciousness poetry in Gary Snyder's poems and how he reads this kind of poetry. And last but not least, a conclusion which sums up my perspectives and readings to the ecocriticism in general, and Gary Snyder's poetry in special. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0821/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

T. S. ELIOT’S “DISORDERLY ORDER” AND THE ECHOES OF DANTE’S INFERNO

How right was T. S. Eliot when he claimed to be able to truly venerate “tradition” in a largely disillusioned and traumatized Europe after the Great War? This paper opens the investigation by a comparison and apparent similarities between Harold Bloom’s conceptualization of poetic influence and those of T. S. Eliot dispersed among the body of his literary criticism. On one hand, Bloom maintains his idea of poets being out of necessity on the defensive mode when it comes to the influence, whereas T. S. Eliot tried to at the same time “embrace” the chaos of Modernism and his idea of a venerated, abstract and unchangeable “tradition”. For T. S. Eliot, the figure of Dante looms large on the European poetic horizon as a link between the present and the past. In order of illustration, the author of the paper emphasizes Eliot’s use of epigraphs or direct borrowings from Dante at the beginning of his poems as a means of the insertion of the great poet’s imagined “missing” link into the poetry of his day. Thus, Eliot’s legacy effortlessly engrafted itself onto that of his beloved poet master, Dante. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0986/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

DAS TEXTKARAOKE ALS ÜBUNG ZUM (SCHNELLEN) SPRECHEN IM DEUTSCHUNTERRICHT

It is increasingly lamented that pupils and students of German are not able to speak the language fluently, despite years of learning. Solutions have been proposed, but in this article, we present a technique that is almost unknown to many teachers in Africa and around the world. The description of this technique, known as "Textkaraoke", based on an analysis of textbooks, leads to the conclusion that it can help learners develop and improve their diction, oral comprehension and ability to speak well and quickly. Beyond a classic analysis of textbooks containing this type of exercise, the objective of the present contribution is to provide teachers with tips for planning and implementing "Textkaraoke", even with dialogic texts that are not accompanied by an audio version. Il est de plus en plus déploré que les élèves et étudiants en allemand n’arrivent pas à parler couramment la langue, malgré l’apprentissage pendant des années. Des solutions ont certes été proposées, mais nous présentons dans cet article une technique peu connue de beaucoup d’enseignants d’Afrique et du monde. La description de cette technique appelée « Textkaraoke », sur la base d’une analyse de manuels, permet de conclure qu’elle peut amener les apprenants à développer et améliorer aussi bien la diction, la compréhension orale que l’aptitude à bien et vite parler. Au-delà d’une analyse classique de manuels contenant ce genre d’exercice, l’objectif de la présente contribution est de fournir aux enseignants des astuces pour planifier et mettre en œuvre le « Textkaraoke », même avec des textes dialogiques non accompagnés d’une version audio. Immer wieder wird bedauert, dass Deutschschüler- und Studenten trotz jahrelangen Lernens es nicht schaffen, die Sprache flüssig zu sprechen. Zwar wurden Lösungen vorgeschlagen, aber im vorliegenden Artikel wird eine Technik dargestellt, die von vielen Lehrenden in Afrika und auf der Welt wenig bekannt ist. Die auf einer Lehrwerkanalyse fußende Beschreibung des „Textkaraoke“ bringt zur Schlussfolgerung, dass es die Lernenden dazu bringen kann, sowohl ihre Aussprache, das Hörverstehen als auch die Fähigkeit, gut und schnell zu sprechen, zu entwickeln und zu verbessern. Über eine klassische Analyse von Lehrwerken, welche die Übungsform anbieten, hinaus verfolgt der vorliegende Beitrag das Ziel, Lehrenden Tipps zur Planung und Durchführung dieser Übungsform, auch mit Dialogtexten ohne begleitende Audiodatei, zu liefern. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0998/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

DEVIATING FROM LINGUISTIC CORRECTNESS IN THE AUTHENTIC INPUT OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM

Students often lack the desired authentic input in the classrooms and that is why they so often expose themselves to it by watching films, TV series or listening to popular music. This inspired our research and we decided to analyze the errors that can be found in the authentic input, which is a frequent occurrence in songs. The aim of this paper is to analyze the most popular songs at the moment, precisely those with more than one billion views on YouTube, and to answer the question if the most popular music in the world is in some way a reliable authentic input tool. We were primarily focused in our analysis on basic rules of syntax in lyrics. In the end, we analyzed 164 songs where 91 songs were linguistically correct and 73 songs linguistically incorrect. It means that more than 55 percent is correct and 44 percent incorrect. After analytic, descriptive and statistical analysis of incorrect songs, we came to a total of 230 errors divided into three categories: sentence structure (97 errors), subject-verb agreement (80 errors) and multiple negations (53 errors). We conclude that the most popular music is definitely the valuable and interesting tool, but linguistically not the reliable authentic input tool without incorporating it into classroom teaching and learning which can together with grammars, course books, dictionaries and other more reliable means for studying English influence a positive learning environment, students’ motivation and correct linguistic ‘feel’. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0843/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

BLOOD QUANTUM IN SCOTT MOMADAY’S THE NAMES

The semiotics of blood quantum in Scott Momaday’s memoir, The Names, is interpreted regarding its role as a signifier of American Indian survival and resistance in the context of his introspective concept of mythopoetic blood memory. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0841/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

THE ISSUE OF SUBTITLING HUMOR IN ARABIC

Subtitling humor is one of the most arduous tasks subtitlers face as it involves technical, linguistic, textual and cultural factors. This article aims at investigating the issue of manipulating humor in Arabic subtitles of American series and movies. It examines the strategies subtitlers use in translating humor and analyzes the solutions they opt for. It focuses on two fields of study: jokes and puns. The study is based on the work of Diaz Cintas (2012) and (2007) on ideological manipulation in Audiovisual Translation (AVT). The theory stipulates that translators have turned into intercultural agents and mediators shaping the ideological discourse of their culture <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0896/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

IDEOLOGY AND POLITICAL DISCOURSE: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF PRESIDENT NANA AKUFFO ADDO’S 2018 STATE OF THE NATION ADDRESS

This paper is a critical discourse analysis of the 2018 (SONA)- State of the Nation Address delivered by Ghana’s president, Nana Akuffo-Addo. Using van Dijk’s (2004) ideological strategies, the study investigates how the president tries to justify his government’s ideas and persuades his audience by utilizing subtle ideological discourse structures in his speech. The text used in the study is the whole of the 2018 state of the nation address obtained from www.my joy online.org. The study employs content analysis for analysing the data. The major ideological strategies employed have been positive self-representation and in-group favouritism supported by minor ideological strategies while projecting past opponent governments negatively. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0859/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

ECOFEMINIST DISCOURSE AND ECO ART

This article focuses on the concepts of woman-nature-art, 18.-19. Century has progressed through a structure that extends from women nature artists to today's eco art. First of all, female protagonists in the stories of the writer Andrea Barrett and their historical counterparts, such as Elizabeth Blackwell, were included. Examples of the works of female artists who criticized the male predominance in the art environment of the 1970s were examined. At the same time, it was mentioned that awareness of the environment increased in the 1970s with the influence of scientists, activists and artists. The concept of Ecofeminism, which was first used by Françoise d'Eaubonne in 1974, was defined, and the women and ecology connections of writers such as Vandana Shiva were mentioned. In the last two sections, the works of the women artists selected were examined with the descriptive method. Agnes Varda is discussed in her wheat field project, which she cultivates in the commercial center of New York, as she is the first artist to engage in agriculture as an artistic act and production. Katie Holten has made boulevard trees visible using photographs, drawings, maps, interviews and software. Finally, there is Neri Oxman, who uses nature itself as a design in her projects, which she calls "Material Ecology" combines science, engineering, art and design. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0856/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE OF THE YEMENI EFL LEARNERS

<p>The present study aimed at investigating the pragmatic competence of the Yemeni Non-Native Speakers of English (YNNSs) through examining their performance in the speech act of refusals. The study followed the qualitative comparative analytic approach. For the purpose of attaining the required data for this study, forty (YNNSs) and forty American Native Speakers (ANSs) of English were involved. The questionnaire used for collecting data from the participants was a written Discourse Completion Task (DCT), which was developed by Beebe et el. (1990), employed for collecting the data related to the use of refusal strategies by the two groups of participants in English. The data collected from DCT was analyzed by using a loading scheme adapted from Beebe et al. (1990). This study revealed that the Yemeni NNSs were not pragmatically competent enough in English. In spite of the similarity between the two groups in their use of refusal strategies, the differences between them were more apparent. The total number of strategies used by the American NSs was almost double those used by the Yemeni NNSs in all refusal situations. This study recommends that instructors should design contextualized, task-based, oral activities and integrating the intercultural aspects of language into ELT textbooks. </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0895/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

MARKETISATION OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION: A STYLISTIC EXPLORATION OF GHANAIAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ANTHEMS

Technical education is a major boost to national development because it helps in job creation. This makes technical universities important institutions. The upgrade of polytechnics to technical universities in Ghana has been an important milestone in the enhancement of technical and vocational education. Due to this upgrade, technical universities which were hitherto polytechnics had to compose new anthems to indicate and reflect their new status as universities. The present study focuses on how stylistically significant devices are used to construe the goals of technical and vocational education in anthems of Ghanaian technical universities. The study adopts the descriptive qualitative methodological approach which is theoretically framed by the linguistic and stylistic categories theory postulated by Leech and Short (2007). Anthems of six out of the ten technical universities in Ghana were homogenously sampled using the purposive sampling technique. The sampled anthems which served as data for the study were manually coded using the consensual coding strategy. The study identified the use of dominant stylistic devices such as repetition, parallelism, metaphor, personification and allusion in the sampled anthems. Repetition was used to emphasise the need for institutional solidarity. Parallelism was used to foreground the aims of the universities as well as create rhythmic effects to enhance the musicality in the anthems. Geographical and biblical allusions were used to establish religious and cultural hegemonies while personification and metaphor were also used to foreground the relevance and uniqueness of the institutions. The findings of the study have implications for research and practice. The study concludes that anthems of Ghanaian technical universities are not just construed as institutional symbols but also as mediums for marketing technical education. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0883/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>