scholarly journals Absence of Musculocutaneous Nerve: Embryological Basis

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar Pankaj ◽  
CS Ramesh Babu ◽  
Archana Rani ◽  
Anita Rani ◽  
Jyoti Chopra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Pectoral Nerve ◽  
Male Cadaver

Variation of brachial plexus characterized by the absence of musculocutaneous nerve in right arm was found during routine dissection of a 54 year old male cadaver. After giving lateral pectoral nerve, rest of the lateral cord continued as lateral root of median nerve. An unusual branch was arising from lateral cord which crossed the axillary artery anteriorly and then divided into two branches. One of these branches joined ulnar nerve and other medial root of median nerve. All the muscles of front of arm were supplied by branches of median nerve. These variations are important for the anesthetists, surgeons, neurologists during surgery and for anatomists during dissection in the region of axilla. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i2.6626 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 3(2012) 21-24

scholarly journals Formation, trajectory and distribution variants of the median nerve of the fetus

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
I. S. Tudorache ◽  
P. Bordei ◽  
D. M. Iliescu
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Single Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fascicle ◽  
Medial Nerve

AbstractOur study was performed by dissection on a number of 54 nervous trunks of the median nerve of the fetus. We found that the median nerve is always formed from two roots, their joining being at different levels of the upper limb, between the axilla and the elbow. The axilla nerve trunk was formed at the level of the axillary region, in 38.89% of the cases, in 22.22% of the cases the union was made at the middle part of the arm, and in 38.89% of the cases in the elbow. The lateral root of the medial nerve was formed in 55.56% of cases from a single nerve fascicle, in 44.44% of cases consisting of two nerve fascicles. The medial root was formed in 61.11% of cases from a single nerve fascicle, in 38.89% of the cases being made up of two nerve fascicles. In 27.78% of cases, the medial root passed behind the axillary artery. Regarding the volume of the two roots, we found that in 44.44% of the cases, the lateral root was more voluminous, in 27.78% of cases, the median root was larger and in 27.78% of cases, the two roots were approximately equal. We have encountered situations where a ramification for the forearms muscles emerged from the lateral root. Occasionally, a ram for the brachial muscle was detached from the medial root, and from the lateral root a ram for the biceps muscle, both muscles receiving branches also from the musculocutaneous nerve. We have encountered a single case where the median nerve inches the anterior muscles of the arm, missing the musculocutaneous nerve. In cases of low joining of the roots, we have encountered cases where a lateral root formed a ram for forearm muscles. The anastomoses between the two median nerve roots can sometimes be located just above their union or anterior to the lower portion of the axillary artery. In one case, we encountered between the two roots, above their union, the existence of three oblique anastomoses, the two upper ones from the lateral to the medial root, and the third from the medial root to the lateral root. Common are anastomoses between the roots of the roots and the root on the opposite side. The most common are the anastomosis between the medial fascicle of the lateral root and the medial root of the median nerve. In one case, we encountered a double overlap between the musculocutaneous nerve and the lateral nerve root. In one case, we encountered a strong anastomosis between the medial nerve fascicle of the medial root and the radial nerve. Common and at all levels of the upper limb are the anastomoses between the median and ulnar nerves. In the case of a low union of the two median roots, we encountered anastomoses between a root of the root and the ulnar nerve, or between a root and the ulnar nerve. I encountered a single case with an anastomosis, Martin- Gruber, which was previously passing through the ulnar and interos-like arteries and from which the anterior forearm muscles were detached.

scholarly journals Unusual nerve supply of biceps from ulnar nerve and median nerve and a third head of biceps

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 172-174
Author(s):  
L Arora ◽  
R Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Profundus ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris ◽  
The 19Th Century

ABSTRACTVariations in branching pattern of the brachial plexus are common and have been reported by several investigators. Of the four main nerves traversing the arm, namely median, ulnar, radial and musculocutaneous, the ulnar and median nerve do not give any branches to muscles of the arm. Ulnar nerve after taking origin from medial cord of brachial plexus runs distally through axilla on medial side of axillary artery till middle of arm, where it pierces the medial intermuscular septum and enters the posterior compartment of arm. Ulnar nerve enters forearm between two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris from where it continues further. It supplies flexor carpi ulnaris , flexor digitorum profundus and several intrinsic muscles of hand . We recently observed dual supply of biceps muscle from ulnar and median nerves in arm. Musculocutaneous nerve was absent. Although communications between nerves in arm is rare, the communication between median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve were described from the 19th century which could explain innervation of biceps from median nerve. But no accurate description of ulnar nerve supplying biceps could be found in literature. Knowledge of anatomical variation of these nerves at level of upper arm is essential in light of the frequency with which surgery is performed to transfer nerve fascicles from ulnar nerve to biceps in case of brachial plexus injuries. We also observed third head of biceps, our aim is to describe the exact topography of this variation and to discuss its morphological.

scholarly journals Formation of median nerve by three roots: A case report

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Satyanarayana ◽  
CK Reddy ◽  
P Sunitha ◽  
N Jayasri ◽  
V Nitin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

During routine dissection of an adult male cadaver in the Department of Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal, the right median nerve was found to be formed by three roots. The finding was noted after thorough and meticulous dissection of the upper limbs of both sides (axilla, arm, forearm and palm). Out of the three roots forming the anomalous median nerve, two were from lateral cord and one from medial cord of brachial plexus. However, the distribution of the anomalous median nerve was normal in arm, forearm and palm. The arterial pattern in the arm (axillary and brachial arteries) was also normal. Key words: Cadaver; median nerve; brachial plexus DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i1.3602 Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 1, 47-50

scholarly journals Duplication in the formation of median nerve - a case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 043-045
Author(s):  
Gyata Mehta ◽  
Varsha Mokhasi
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe median nerve is formed in the axilla by fusion of the two roots from the lateral and medial cords. The present case report describes an anomalous presentation of double formation of median nerve and its relation with axillary and brachial arteries. The median nerve was formed in two stages at different levels, first in the axilla and then in the upper arm by receiving double contribution from the lateral root of the lateral cord, which fuse with the medial root of the medial cord to form the median nerve. The formation took place medial to the axillary artery in the axilla and antero-medial to the brachial artery in the arm. Such anatomical variations and their relation with the arteries are important for the surgeons and anesthesiologists and of great academic interest to the anatomists.

scholarly journals Cadaveric Study of Anatomical Variations in the Musculocutaneous Nerve and in the Median Nerve

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Abhilasha Priya ◽  
Chandni Gupta ◽  
Antony Sylvan D'souza
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Kasturba Medical College ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lateral Cord

Introduction The musculocutaneous nerve and the median nerve are branches from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus with a root value of C5, C6, and C7. The medial root of the median nerve is a branch of the medial cord. The present study aims at observing any variations in these peripheral nerves, so that this knowledge can be utilized by surgeons, anesthesiologists, and orthopedicians during surgical procedures and nerve block. Materials and Methods The present study was carried on 30 adult embalmed cadavers (60 upper limbs) in the department of anatomy of the Kasturba Medical College , Manipal, India. The infraclavicular part of the brachial plexus was dissected, and any anatomical variations in the formation and in the branching pattern of the musculocutaneous nerve and of the median nerve were noted and photographs were taken. Results The median nerve was noted to be formed from 3 roots in 8 out of 60 dissected upper limbs (13.33%). The musculocutaneous nerve was absent in 5% of the dissected limbs, and communications between these 2 nerves were noted in 13.33% of the dissected limbs. Conclusions Noted variations of the nerves may be of help to surgeons operating in the axillas and in the arms.

scholarly journals Variation in the area of distribution of the lateral pectoral nerve and a communicating branch between musculocutaneous and median nerve : A case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 088-091
Author(s):  
Divia Paul A. ◽  
Manisha Rajanand Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Pectoral Nerve ◽  
Communicating Branch ◽  
Additional Branch ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Indian Male

AbstractVariations in the distribution of the lateral cord and its branches in the infraclavicular part of the brachial plexus are common and significant to the neurologists, surgeons, anaesthetists and the anatomists [1]. The present case describes a rare variation of the lateral pectoral nerve giving an additional branch to supply biceps brachii muscle and ends by joining inferior collateral branch of brachial artery. Also it was observed that the musculo cutaneous nerve received communicating branches from the median nerve before and after piercing the coracobrachialismuscle. The above observations were observed during routine dissection of a 55 year old Indian male cadaver. The musculocutaneous nerve, lateral pectoral nerve and its branches were identified and protected. The clinical importance of the variation is discussed.

scholarly journals Variant insertion of coracobrachialis muscle-morphological significance, embryological basis and clinical importance

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Guha ◽  
N Satyanarayana ◽  
CK Reddy ◽  
N Jayasri ◽  
V Nitin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Medial Epicondyle ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Medial Border ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Anomalous Insertion

The coracobrachialis muscle in the arm is morphologically the sole representative of adductor group muscle in the arm, but such function during the process of evolution became insignificant in man. It is more important morphologically than functionally. Variant insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle was found during routine dissection of an adult male cadaver in the Department of Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, and Bharatpur, Nepal. Normally the coracobrachialis muscle is inserted into the middle of the medial border of the humerus. In the present case an additional slender tendon passed inferiorly, crossing anterior to the median nerve and brachial artery, before attaching to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Most of the proximal part of the tendon gave rise to an aponeurotic expansion that inserted into the distal medial border of the humerus. The tendinous insertion and aponeurotic expansion may represent a variant of the coracobrachialis longus (Wood's) muscle and the internal brachial ligament or the ligament of Struthers. The ulnar nerve was found to be traversing below the aponeurotic expansion. This type of anomalous insertion of coracobrachialis muscle may lead to compression of median nerve, brachial artery and ulnar nerve. Key words: Coracobrachialis muscle; ligament of Struthers; median nerve; brachial artery; ulnar nerve. DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i2.3616 Journal of college of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol.6, No-2, 42-46

scholarly journals A rare variation of formation of median nerve - a case report.

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Monica Diana S. ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Subramanian ◽  
Senthil Kumar S.
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Medial Epicondyle ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Rare Variation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Muscle Nerve ◽  
The Right

AbstractMany variations have been reported regarding formation of the brachial plexus and its branches. Here the authors report a rare variation pertaining to lateral cord of median nerve. During routine dissection, at Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, in the department of anatomy, in a male cadaver in the right upper limb, the authors found an additional lateral root from lateral cord joining the medial root to form the median nerve. Musculocutaneous nerve did not pierce the coracobrachialis muscle instead it gave a direct branch to the muscle. Nerve supply to biceps and brachialis were of normal pattern. The musculo cutaneous nerve communicated with the median nerve before supplying other muscles. Median nerve was medial throughout the arm but about 7 cm above the level of medial epicondyle it crossed the brachial artery from medial to lateral. Morphometry of the nerves were studied by measurements. Knowledge of these variations and measurements will be helpful during surgical and anaesthetic procedures in the axilla.

scholarly journals Five Roots Pattern of Median Nerve Formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Natsis ◽  
George Paraskevas ◽  
Maria Tzika
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Unusual Combination ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Embryologic Development ◽  
Fourth Root

An unusual combination of median nerve’s variations has been encountered in a male cadaver during routine educational dissection. In particular, the median nerve was formed by five roots; three roots originated from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus joined individually the median nerve’s medial root. The latter (fourth) root was united with the lateral (fifth) root of the median nerve forming the median nerve distally in the upper arm and not the axilla as usually. In addition, the median nerve was situated medial to the brachial artery. We review comprehensively the relevant variants, their embryologic development and their potential clinical applications.

scholarly journals Musculocutaneous nerve as a branch from median nerve: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Tahani Almatrafi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Normal Individual ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
King Saud University ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Small Branch

The brachial plexus is the most variable part of the peripheral nervous system. The Musculocutaneous nerve is a terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus in a normal individual. It is not uncommon for variations in the origin, branching termination, and connection patterns. During routine dissection in the Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, we found the lateral cord after giving a small branch to the coracobrachialis muscle join the medial root of the medial cord to form the median nerve. Knowledge of these variations is essential for anatomists, orthopedics, neurologists, and anesthesiologists.

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