scholarly journals Cadaveric Study of Anatomical Variations in the Musculocutaneous Nerve and in the Median Nerve

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Abhilasha Priya ◽  
Chandni Gupta ◽  
Antony Sylvan D'souza
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Kasturba Medical College ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lateral Cord

Introduction The musculocutaneous nerve and the median nerve are branches from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus with a root value of C5, C6, and C7. The medial root of the median nerve is a branch of the medial cord. The present study aims at observing any variations in these peripheral nerves, so that this knowledge can be utilized by surgeons, anesthesiologists, and orthopedicians during surgical procedures and nerve block. Materials and Methods The present study was carried on 30 adult embalmed cadavers (60 upper limbs) in the department of anatomy of the Kasturba Medical College , Manipal, India. The infraclavicular part of the brachial plexus was dissected, and any anatomical variations in the formation and in the branching pattern of the musculocutaneous nerve and of the median nerve were noted and photographs were taken. Results The median nerve was noted to be formed from 3 roots in 8 out of 60 dissected upper limbs (13.33%). The musculocutaneous nerve was absent in 5% of the dissected limbs, and communications between these 2 nerves were noted in 13.33% of the dissected limbs. Conclusions Noted variations of the nerves may be of help to surgeons operating in the axillas and in the arms.

The Branching Pattern and Communications of the Musculocutaneous Nerve

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KRISHNAMURTHY ◽  
S. R. NAYAK ◽  
L. VENKATRAYA PRABHU ◽  
R. P. HEGDE ◽  
S. SURENDRAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Upper Arm

Anatomical variations of peripheral nerves are important and can help explain otherwise incomprehensible clinical findings. A study of 26 right and 18 left formalin-preserved upper limbs identified the fact that the musculocutaneous nerve is subject to considerable anatomical variation, including communication with the median nerve. A study of its branching pattern made us aware of why debility after trauma to the lateral aspect of the upper arm may be more than expected, and this study considers the clinical and surgical importance of these variations of the musculocutaneous nerve.

scholarly journals A CADAVERIC STUDY ON THE ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF THE MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE IN RELATION WITH MEDIAN NERVE AND CORACOBRACHIALIS MUSCLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Tripathi ◽  
Hina Kausar ◽  
Saurabh Arora ◽  
Satyam Khare ◽  
Shilpi Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Cadaveric Study ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Human Cadavers

Introduction: Musculocutaneous nerve is derived from the lateral cord of brachial plexus and supplies the muscles of the arm. Initially the nerve accompanies the lateral side of third part of axillary artery and then pierces the coracobrachialis muscle after supplying it, passes downwards and laterally in between biceps brachii and brachialis sending branches to both and continues as lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm. Variations of musculocutaneous nerve is important for surgeons, orthopedic surgeons and traumatologists, so a detailed cadaveric study of musculocutaneous nerve was done to observe the variations. Material & Methods: Musculocutaneous nerve was studied in 50 human cadavers (30 males and 20 females) of age group 40-60 years at Department of Anatomy, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, India. Results: Musculocutaneous nerve was present in all the cases and was piercing the coracobrachialis muscle. In 4% of the cases, the nerve was rejoining the median nerve after piercing the coracobrachialis.

scholarly journals CONCURRENT VARIATIONS IN THE FORMATION OF LATERAL CORD AND MEDIAN NERVE OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS. 208 Variaciones en la formación del cordón lateral y el nervio mediano del plexo braquial

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-212
Author(s):  
Virendra Budhiraja ◽  
Rakhi Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Anterior Division ◽  
Formalin Fixed

El cordón lateral y el nervio mediano se asocian a variaciones. Observamos variaciones simultáneas en la formación del cordón lateral y nervio mediano en treinta y dos cadáveres fijados en formol. En 29,6% de extremidades superiores el cordón lateral se formó por la división anterior del tronco superior solamente. En el 21,8% de estos casos la división anterior del tronco medio formó dos raíces adicionales para el nervio mediano y en 7,8% de los casos la división anterior del tronco medio se unió con la raíz medial del nervio mediano. En el 14% de las extremidades superiores no se formó la parte superior del tronco y el cordón lateral se formó por la unión de la división anterior de las raíces C5, C6 y C7. En 6.2% de esos casos donde no se formó la parte superior del tronco, el nervio mediano recibió una raíz adicional del cordón lateral. Creemos que el conocimiento previo de estas variaciones anatómicas es de interés para el anatomista y médico por igual. Los cirujanos que realizan procedimientos que implican neoplasias o reparar traumatismos necesitan ser conscientes de estas variaciones. Lateral cord and median nerve are associated with variations. We observed concurrent variations in the formation of lateral cord and median nerve in thirty two formalin fixed cadavers. In 29.6% upper limbs Lateral cord was formed by anterior division of upper trunk only. In 21.8% of these cases the anterior division of middle trunk formed two additional roots for the median nerve and in 7.8% cases anterior division of middle trunk joined with medial root of median nerve. In 14% upper limbs the upper trunk was not formed and the lateral cord was formed by union of anterior division of C5, C6 and C7 roots. In 6.2% of such cases where upper trunk was not formed, the median nerve received an additional root from lateral cord. We believe that prior knowledge of such anatomical variations is of interest to the anatomist and clinician alike. Surgeons who perform procedures involving neoplasms or repairing trauma need to be aware of these variations.

scholarly journals Anastomosis Between Ulnar And Radial Nerve: A Cadaveric Study

10.3823/2479 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Posterior Aspect ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
The University

Background: Brachial plexus variations are not rare. Variations in its terminal branches in the arm or forearm are frequently reported. Communications between branches of the brachial plexus are also not uncommon findings; however there is very little mention of communication between the radial and ulnar nerves in the literature. In view of this significance is performed this study with the purpose to determine any communications of radial nerve with neighboring peripheral nerves at level of axilla, arm, forearm. Methods and Findings: A total of 17 cadavers with different age groups were used for this study. The upper limbs region (34 sides) were dissected carefully and photographed in the Morphology Laboratory at the University of Pamplona. Of the 34 upper limbs studied 33 showed normal morphology, the course and branching patterns of the nerves was normal (97.06%). In 1 specimen in the left forearm (2.94%), the radial and ulnar nerves were dissected and communicating branches were observed originating near the upper third in the posterior aspect of the forearm traveling from the ulnar to the radial nerve. The communicating branch was approximately 5.84 cm long and 1.73 mm in diameter. This anastomotic branch is an unusual anastomosis, no described in the literature between radial and ulnar nerve in forearm. Knowledge on the variant pattern of peripheral nerves is imperative not only for the surgeons, but also for the radiologists during image technology and MRI interpretations and for the anesthesiologists before administering anesthetic agents thus in diagnostic approaches.   Conclusions: Lack of understanding of these variations can also confound the assessment of the severity of nerve injury as well as recovery. Awareness of such anatomical variations is very important in order to proper diagnosis of sensorimotor symptoms.

scholarly journals Variations in the course and branching pattern of musculocutaneous nerve

2013 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Amar Jayanthi A. ◽  
Arunkumar K G.
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Growth Cone ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Axonal Pathfinding ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background and aim: The variations in the course and communicating branches of musculocutaneous nerve is of clinical importance in the treatment of recurrent compression neuropathies and in the diagnosis of median nerve lesions. Most of the reports on anatomical variations of musculocutaneous nerve are single case studies and such studies with emphasis on gender difference in a sample of Keralite population are rarely reported. The objective of the present study is to observe the variations in the course of musculocutaneous nerve with special reference to communications with other nerves of the arm and to study the correlation between gender and variations of the nerve. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixty four arms were dissected in the department of Anatomy, Government medical college, Thrissur and studied for variations of muculocutaneous nerve. Analysis was done with epi info, using proportions, confidence interval and Chi Square test. The communications noted were classified using the available classifications of Le Minor, Venieratos and Anagnostopoulou and Choi et al. Results: Nerve variations were seen in 24.2 % cases which include, absence of the nerve (3.4%), nerve not piercing coracobrachialis (12.4%) and communication to median nerve (15.1 %). All the variations observed were statistically not significant. The embryological basis for the axonal pathfinding is considered as a result of both guidance molecules and electrical activity that change the calcium homeostasis within the growth cone to regulate growth cone turning. Conclusion: Variations that were observed in the present study may give sufficient and relevant data on the nerves, among Keralite population in which studies are few.

scholarly journals Musculocutaneous nerve as a branch from median nerve: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Tahani Almatrafi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Normal Individual ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Terminal Branch ◽  
King Saud University ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Small Branch

The brachial plexus is the most variable part of the peripheral nervous system. The Musculocutaneous nerve is a terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus in a normal individual. It is not uncommon for variations in the origin, branching termination, and connection patterns. During routine dissection in the Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, we found the lateral cord after giving a small branch to the coracobrachialis muscle join the medial root of the medial cord to form the median nerve. Knowledge of these variations is essential for anatomists, orthopedics, neurologists, and anesthesiologists.

scholarly journals Absence of Musculocutaneous Nerve: Embryological Basis

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar Pankaj ◽  
CS Ramesh Babu ◽  
Archana Rani ◽  
Anita Rani ◽  
Jyoti Chopra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Pectoral Nerve ◽  
Male Cadaver

Variation of brachial plexus characterized by the absence of musculocutaneous nerve in right arm was found during routine dissection of a 54 year old male cadaver. After giving lateral pectoral nerve, rest of the lateral cord continued as lateral root of median nerve. An unusual branch was arising from lateral cord which crossed the axillary artery anteriorly and then divided into two branches. One of these branches joined ulnar nerve and other medial root of median nerve. All the muscles of front of arm were supplied by branches of median nerve. These variations are important for the anesthetists, surgeons, neurologists during surgery and for anatomists during dissection in the region of axilla. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i2.6626 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 3(2012) 21-24

scholarly journals RELATION OF MEDIAN NERVE WITH BRACHIAL ARTERY: A CADAVERIC STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eti Sthapak ◽  
Navbir Pasricha ◽  
Rajan Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
General Surgeons ◽  
Cubital Fossa

Introduction: Variation in neurovascular structure are commonly encountered in routine dissection. Brachial artery is the main artery of upper limb. In the arm, the median nerve passes at first lateral to brachial artery (near the insertion of coracobrachialis muscle), then crosses in front of the artery, descending medial to it in the cubital fossa. The knowledge of these variation could be helpful to vascular, plastic, general surgeons and orthopedicians. It is also important to prevent iatrogenic injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate anatomical variations in course and relation of median nerve to brachial artery in the arm. Material & Methods: The study was conducted in 50 cadavers (100 upper limbs) in duration of two years. Proper cadaveric dissection was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dr. RML Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, and Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow. Observation & Results: In the present series, median nerve was found to cross behind the brachial artery at about the middle of the arm in 8% cadavers. Median nerve entered the arm at first lateral to brachial artery, near the insertion of coracobrachialis. In 46 cadavers (96 upper limbs), it crossed in front of the artery from lateral to medial side. In four cadavers (5 upper limbs), it passed posterior to the brachial artery in the arm. Conclusion: Knowledge of the brachial artery and their variations are of clinical and surgical importance. An awareness of such a presence is valuable for the surgeons and radiologists in evaluation of angiographic images, vascular and re-constructive surgery or appropriate treatment for compressive neuropathies.

scholarly journals Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus terminal branches in Ethiopian cadavers

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 896-905
Author(s):  
Edengenet Guday Demis ◽  
Asegedeche Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Clinically Significant

Anatomical variations are clinically significant, but many are inadequately described or quantified. Variations in anatomy of the brachial plexus are important to surgeons and anesthesiologists performing surgical procedures in the neck, axilla and upper limb regions. It is also important for radiologists who interpret plain and computerized imaging and anatomists to teach anatomy. This study aimed to describe the anatomical variations of the terminal branches of brachial plexus on 20 Ethiopian cadavers. The cadavers were examined bilaterally for the terminal branches of brachial plexus. From the 40 sides studied for the terminal branches of the brachial plexus; 28 sides were found without variation, 10 sides were found with median nerve variation, 2 sides were found with musculocutaneous nerve variation and 2 sides were found with axillary nerve variation. We conclude that variation in the median nerve was more common than variations in other terminal branches.

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