Musculocutaneous nerve as a branch from median nerve: A case report

The brachial plexus is the most variable part of the peripheral nervous system. The Musculocutaneous nerve is a terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus in a normal individual. It is not uncommon for variations in the origin, branching termination, and connection patterns. During routine dissection in the Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, we found the lateral cord after giving a small branch to the coracobrachialis muscle join the medial root of the medial cord to form the median nerve. Knowledge of these variations is essential for anatomists, orthopedics, neurologists, and anesthesiologists.

Compression of Hamstring and Quadriceps Muscles Strength in Patients with Osteoarthritis of Knee and Normal individual

Objectives: 1. To assess the strength of hamstring and quadriceps in patients with knee OA with 1 RM. To compare the strength of hamstring and quadriceps with normal individuals. Research Design: Observational study. Introduction: Quadriceps and hamstring muscle weakness is commonly found in knee OA which may alter normal Quadriceps/Hamstrings ratio i.e. (2:1). So the purpose of the study was to check the strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle in OA knee patients and compare it with normal individual. Method: 20 diagnosed knee OA patients and 21 normal individuals were recruited. Quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength was measured in both case and normal group by using 1 RM method. Q/H ratio was obtained from the muscle strength and both were compared between two groups by using T test. Materials: Quadriceps table, Metal weight plate, Plinth, Sand bag. Results & Discussion: Quadriceps and hamstring strength were reduced significantly (p=<0.001) in patients with knee OA compare to normal individual. There was negative co relation between pain and muscle strength seen. No alteration in Q/H ratio (Rt knee p=0.130; Lt knee p=0.722) between the case & control found because both the muscle strength reduced similarly. Conclusion: Quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength is significantly reduced in OA knee. Patients compare to normal individuals but no alteration in Q/H ratio seen in both groups.

Comparison of Lab based Device and Cuff-less based Device for Efficient Heart Rate Monitoring in Normal Individuals and Heart Diseased Individuals for Extended Duration

Aim: This study was performed to validate and compare our designed cuff less device with standard heart rate monitors used in Hospitals. Materials and Methods: The Heart patient data were collected in Government PHC (Primary Healthcare Center), Navalpakkam hospital and the normal individual data were collected in Saveetha School of Engineering (SSE), Saveetha University (CLAB 404/425). Results: The means of the BPM also was found to be very similar with a minor deviation in heart rate of heart patients monitored by our cuff less device. The high insignificance assures that our device has given reading at par with commercial monitors used in the market Conclusion: Within the limits of our study our cuff-less device is as efficient as a vital sign monitor (lab based device) used in hospitals or Laboratories (one way ANOVA, P >0.05, insignificant).

Endometrial delay is found to be part of a normal individual dynamic transformation process

Purpose Limited information is clinically available concerning endometrial receptivity; assessing endometrial transformation status is therefore an urgent topic in assisted reproductive technology. This study aimed to investigate individual endometrial transformation rates during the secretory phase in subfertile patients using personal endometrial transformation analysis. Methods Monitoring was carried out during the secretory phase to obtain endometrial receptivity profiles. For the investigation, two endometrial biopsies were taken within one menstrual cycle. The extended endometrial dating was based on the Noyes criteria, combined with immunohistochemical analyses of hormone receptors and proliferation marker Ki-67. Biopsies were taken mainly at days ovulation (OV, n = 76)/hormone replacement therapy (HRT, n = 58) + 5 and + 10. Results The results of the two biopsies were correlated with the clinically expected day of the cycle and showed temporal delays or hypercompensations, diverging from the expected cycle days by 0.5–5 days. In comparison with the first biopsies, the transformation rate in the second biopsies showed compensation, augmented delay, or constant transformation in 48.69, 22.37, and 28.94% of cases for ovulation in natural cycles and 56.89, 25.85, and 17.26% for HRT cycles, respectively. Conclusion The study revealed an individually dynamic transformation process of the endometrium, with the ability to compensate or enlarge an initial “delay”, which is now identified as a normal individual transformation process during the secretory phase. This information is of great importance for the scientific investigation of dynamic changes in endometrial tissue, as well as for the timing of embryo transfers.

Independent Personality and its Relationship to the Hiding Feelings Among University Students in Erbil Province

Background: Independent personality, is a basic feature of the personality of the normal individual and it positively affects the life of the individual and society, while hiding feelings negatively affects the life of the individual and society. Methods: The researchers used the descriptive curriculum، and the sample is of university youths, and the number of the students is (400) students، and adopted the scale (Molly،2013) to measure the personality of independence، consisted of (35) items and three (options) to answer, and a measure was prepared to measure the hiding feelings, and was formed in its final form after completing the conditions of validity and reliability of (25) items and four options to the answers and then analyzed the data by using the statistical program (SPSS). Results: the independent personality and hidden feelings among university students are at a high level، and there is no significant relationship between independent personality and hidden feelings.

Nidanparivarjan in Amlapitta:Preventive as well as Curative Aspect

Amlapitta is a disorder of Annavaha Srotas as per Ayurveda. Amlapitta (Acid Peptic Disorder) is very common emerging disease which is an abnormal pathological condition occurring due to indulgence in Ahara, Vihara, and Manasika Bhava which are of incompatible combination, faulty dietary habits, persistent intense stress, spicy and oily food and sedentary lifestyle. This condition can be managed using medications but it get relapse as soon as the Nidana(Etiological Factors)are taken.So, an approach should be done to tackle this problem like avoidance of Nidana i.e causative factors responsible for Amlapitta Vyadhi. Ayurveda is recognized as ancient science and it has described ways for prevention of disease. 'Nidanparivarjnan' is mentioned in Ayurvedic text which is useful for prevention of disease, treatment of disease, and to stop the recurrence of disease and hence it is mentioned as first line of treatment for any disease. So, Amlapitta Vyadhi can be prevented and managed through Nidanparivarjan along with proper following of Pathya Apathya regimens mentioned in Ayurvedic text books. In this study all the etiological factors of Amlapitta have been studied and compiled through Ayurvedic texts, various articles are referred from Ayurvedic journals and internet surfing done.Nidanparivarjan means avoidance of etiological factors of Amlapitta which helps in prevention of Amlapitta disease in normal individual and management of disease in diagnosed patient of Amlapitta taking medications.

Simple and Patient-Friendly Clinical Diagnostic Tests for de Quervain’s Disease.

De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is a relatively common cause of radial sided wrist pain. The standard clinical tests, including both Eichhoff and Finkelstein’s tests, are very painful; even in a normal individual without any inflammation of the tendons. We propose a set of simple, gentle and more patient-friendly clinical tests with high accuracy.

EFFECT OF ALCOHOLISM ON LIVER FUNCTION TEST IN RURAL POPULATION IN INDIA

Background: alcoholism is one of the major socioeconomic as well as public health problem in India. The problem is occurring equally in urban as well as in rural India. This study was carried out in essence of liver damage in alcoholics and alteration in the biochemical enzymes in the serum with respect to liver damage. Method: 100 alcoholics and 100 non alcoholic patients were selected from the hospital OPD. Liver function test was performed in both the study group. Liver enzymes ALT,AST,ALP and the total protein and albumin level were compared in the study group and controls. Results: The results showed there is significant increase in the liver enzymes ALT,AST,ALP in the alcoholic patients as compared to normal individual and significant fall in concentration of the total protein and albumin level in the alcoholics. Keywords: Alcoholics, liver function test

P0970EXOSOMAL MIR-92A-1-5P DERIVED FROM PROXIMAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS INDUCES EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION IN MESANGIAL CELLS IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

Background and Aims Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the world-wide. Exosomes play a key role in signal transduction between cell-cell communication in kidney pathophysiology. The aim of this study is to investigate that HK-2 cells-derived exosomal miR-92a-1-5p causes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in mesangial cells (MCs), further leading to DN progression. Method The function of HK-2 cells-derived exosomes under normal glucose (NG) and high glucose (HG) was analyzed in mouse MCs model. Total RNAs were extracted from renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) of normal individual and type 2 diabetes for small RNA expression profiling using next-generation sequencing (NGS), then analyzed using systematic bioinformatics analyses. The expression of miR-92a-1-5p was examined in HK-2 cells-derived exosomes and MCs treated with HK-2 cells-derived exosomes under HG. The role of miR-92a-1-5p in EMT was evaluated using MCs model under NG and HG conditions. Urinary exosomal miR-92a-1-5p levels were measured in 50 type 2 diabetic patients and 34 healthy volunteers who were enrolled to determine the relationship between urinary exosomal miR-92a-1-5p and kidney function. Results Decreased E-cadherin, and increased N-cadherin and Vimentin expression were found in mouse MCs treated with HK-2 cells-derived exosomes under HG. Transcriptome analysis of RPTECs of normal individual and type 2 diabetic patient indicated that miR-92a-1-5p contributes to HG-induced renal proliferation. HG elevated miR-92a-1-5p expression in HK-2 cells and exosomes derived from-HK-2 cells, at meanwhile exosomal miR-92a-1-5p derived from-HK-2 cells under HG leads to EMT in mouse MCs. miR-92a-1-5p mimic increased EMT in mouse MCs under NG, and miR-92a-1-5p inhibitor reversed EMT in mouse MCs induced by exosomes derived from HK-2 cells under HG. EMT of mouse MCs was enhanced in the presence of exosomes isolated from the urine of type 2 diabetic patients with high levels of exosomal miR-92a-1-5p. Type 2 diabetic patients had higher urinary exosomal miR-92a-1-5p levels than normal individuals. Higher urinary exosomal miR-92a-1-5p levels were significantly correlated with lower renal function and higher albuminuria in human model. Conclusion Exosomal miR-92a-1-5p derived from HK-2 cells under HG induces EMT in mesangial cells. Blocking miR-92a-1-5p epigenetic regulatory network might be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent EMT in DN.