scholarly journals Germination Responses of Some Forage Species of Eastern Terai, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Jha ◽  
P. K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Ordinary Condition ◽  
Nutrient Treatment ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Ttc Test

Freshly harvested seeds of the species (legumes: Alysicarpus vaginalis and Desmodium triflorum; grasses. Axonopus compressus and Chrysopogon aciculatus) failed to germinate even after acid scarification and incubation under different light qualities, whereas seven-nine-month old seeds exhibited germination in the order: D. triflorum (23%) > A. compresses (17%) > A. vaginalis (13%) > C. aciculatus (4%) without acid scarification or nutrient treatment. The legumes contained yellowish brown (Yb) and brick-red (Br) seeds in their pods in the ratio of 4:1. The Yb seeds had hard seed covering very slowly permeable to water. Storage of seeds under room conditions in sealed polythene pouches up to three years profoundly inhibited germination in Br seeds but had little effect on Yb seeds. The nine-month-old Br seeds had maximum germination (24 and 38%, respectively in A. vaginalis and D. triflorum) when submerged in water for 24 h before sowing, whereas germination in submerged in water for three days as a pretreatment. Germination in Yb seeds of the same age was 72 and 77%, respectively in A. vaginalis and 84% in D. triflorum when seven-eight-month old seeds were scarified with mixed (Yb and Br) seed lot was 71% in A. vaginalis and 84% in D. triforum when seven-eight-month old seeds were scarified with sulphuric acid for 10 min and incubated under red light for a week. The fresh seeds of A. compressus had 79% in viability (TTC test) which declined to 5% after storage for three years, and nine-month-old caryopses when treated with nitric acid for ten minute and incubated under red light for 18 days had maximum (45%) germination. In C. aciculatus. Seeds had only 37% viability when fresh, and they completely lost viability after storage for two years, and nine-month old caryopses had maximum (17%) germination when treated with 0.5% solution of potassium nitrate and incubated under ordinary condition for 25 days.Key words: Seed attributes; storage; viability; acid scarification; light; imbibition; potassium niratedoi: 10.3126/eco.v13i0.1629Ecoprint (An international Journal of Ecology) Vol.13, 2006 page 49-60 

The Spectrophotometry of Nitrate Solutions in Aqueous Sulphuric Acid

1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
NS Bayliss ◽  
DW Watts
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Ion ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectra ◽  
Sulphuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

The ultraviolet spectra of solutions of potassium nitrate in aqueous sulphuric acid have been studied. Three absorptions, those due to the species NO3-, HNO3, and NO2+, have been found. From this study a semiquantitative picture has been developed of the distribution of the total nitrate between these three species. It was found that in the sulphuric acid concentration range 0-15% by weight, the dissolved nitrate existed as nitrate ion and that from 15-70% sulphuric acid, nitrate ion, and molecular nitric acid were present in comparable amounts. In the sulphuric acid concentration range 72-82% nitric acid accounted for the total dissolved nitrate and as the sulphuric acid concentration was increased from 82-90% nitric acid was converted to nitronium ion.

scholarly journals A PHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CONSERVATION OF FOUR PALM SPECIES: ARENGA AUSTRALASICA, CALAMUS AUSTRALIS, HYDRI- ASTELE WENDLANDIANA AND LICUALA RAMSAYI

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Dian Latifah ◽  
Robert A. Congdon ◽  
Joseph A. Holtum
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Physiological Approach ◽  
Physical Treatments ◽  
Seed Coats

Palms (Arecaceae) are an important component of many tropical rainforests. Many have also been cultivated widely for agricultural commodities with high economic value. They are also important components in rehabilitation of disturbed or marginal lands. Knowledge and application of germination strategies are essential in the cultivation of palms. Many species have seeds that do not germinate readily, even when light conditions are favourable. This research determined the effects of seed coats, light and temperature on germination of Arenga australasica (H. Wendl. & Drude) S. T. Blake ex H. E. Moore, Calamus australis Mart., Hydriastele wendlandiana (F. Muell.) H. Wendl. & Drude and Licuala ramsayi var. tuckeri Barford & Dowe. We examined physical treatments to promote germination or break dormancy, as well as different light and temperature conditions. The results showed that the hard seed coats of the four species slowed imbibition. Scarified seeds germinated best for A. australasica, C. australis and L. ramsayi. The germination of all seeds was inhibited by far red light. The red light requirement suggests that these species prefer to colonise open areas. This implies that dispersal agents, canopy gaps and forest margins may play important roles in promoting regeneration as well as conservation of these palm species.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF CETANE IMPROVER FROM Jathropa curcas OIL

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
D.R. Wicakso ◽  
A.B. Junaidi ◽  
Badruzsaufari Badruzsaufari
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Alkyl Nitrates ◽  
Total N ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Magnetic Stirrer

Nitration of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil using mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 had been done in an attempt to obtain a cetane improver or cetane number enhancer. The nitration was carried out by varying the numbers of moles of sulphuric acid, nitric acid, temperature and time. The process was conducted in a round bottom flask reactor that equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a ball cooler on a water batch. The mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 was placed in the reactor and subsequently added slowly with biodiesel drop by drop. The results showed that increasing the mole numbers of sulphuric acid tends to reduce the yield or volume and total N of nitrated biodiesel. Increasing the number of moles of nitric acid tends to increase the yield, but decrease the value of total N. While increasing of temperature and reaction time tends to reduce the yield and total N. From FTIR spectra product was estimated as a mixture of esters of alkyl nitrates and nitro. From the testing of cetane number it can be predicted that nitrated biodiesel potentially as cetane improver.

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