scholarly journals Evaluation of host-specificity of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptra: Chrysomelidae) for the biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Ajaya Shree Ratna Bajracharya ◽  
Resham Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Gopal Bahadur KC ◽  
Shree Baba Pradhan ◽  
Jagat Devi Ranjit
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Zygogramma Bicolorata ◽  
Chrysanthemum Indicum ◽  
Specificity Test

Host-specificity test of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptra: Chrysomelidae) was conducted in the field and laboratory of National Entomology Research Center, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during April to September, 2017. Multiple-choice and no-choice tests were conducted on Agerataum houstoniamum Mill., Bidens pilosa L., Chrysanthemum indicum L., Dahlia pinnata Cav, Guizotia abyssinica L., Helianthus annuus L., Lactuca sativa L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Perilla frutescence L., Xanthium strumarium L., Zinnia elegans Jacq. and Jasminum officinale L. Among tested plant species, P. hysterophorus was only a preferred host of Z. bicolorata on which both larvae and adults fed. Ovipostion, larval development, pupation and adult emergence of Z. bicolorata occurred successfully on P. hysterophorus completing its life cycle. Larvae consumed H. anuus but could not pupate, and adults fed on it when starved for 5 days in no-choice test.   Both adults and larvae of Z. bicolorata consumed X. strumarium and completed larval and pupal developments, but adults did not oviposit. Adult longevity was significantly reduced after feeding on H. annus (19.00 days) and X. strumarium (29.33 days) compared to P. hysterophorus (83.33 days).

scholarly journals Biology of Zygogramma Bicolorata Pallister on Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. under Laboratory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ajaya Shree Ratna Bajracharya ◽  
Resham Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Gopal Bahadur K.C ◽  
Shree Baba Pradhan ◽  
Jagat Devi Ranjit
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Zygogramma Bicolorata ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Augmentative Release ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Parthenium Weed

Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. is one of the most aggressive, invasive weeds threatening natural and agricultural ecosystems in the world including Nepal. Augmentative release of host-specific, leaf feeding beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the sustainable management approaches of parthenium weed. Successful mass rearing program requires knowledge on biology of Z. bicolorata for augmentative release. Thus, life cycle and biology of Z. bicolorata were studied in lab at 26±2 °C temperature and 70±10% relative humidity at NARC, Lalitpur, Nepal during March to September, 2016. The average incubation, larval and pupal periods of the insect were 4.33, 12.20, and 11.00 days, respectively. A single female could lay 1,837 eggs in 58.80 days oviposition period with 73.01% egg hatchability. The insect completed its life cycle in 108.40 and 105.50 days with adult longevity of 91.90 and 75.00 days for females and males, respectively. The average length of egg, pupa, adult female and male was 1.19 mm, 5.90 mm, 6.58 mm and 5.32 mm and breadth 0.51 mm, 3.74 mm, 3.94 mm and 3.20 mm, respectively. The average lengths of the first, second, third and fourth instar larvae were found 1.30 mm, 3.02 mm, 4.96 mm and 8.08 mm and breadth of 0.44 mm, 1.13 mm, 2.02 mm and 3.16 mm, respectively. These findings will help in mass multiplication of Z. bicolorata for biological control of parthenium weed.

Physiological response of Parthenium hysterophorus to defoliation by the leaf-feeding beetle Zygogramma bicolorata

2018 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair W. Cowie ◽  
Ed T.F. Witkowski ◽  
Marcus J. Byrne ◽  
Lorraine W. Strathie ◽  
Jeremy M. Goodall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Zygogramma Bicolorata

scholarly journals Fitness Costs of the Glutathione S-Transferase Epsilon 2 (L119F-GSTe2) Mediated Metabolic Resistance to Insecticides in the Major African Malaria Vector Anopheles Funestus

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magellan Tchouakui ◽  
Jacob M. Riveron ◽  
Doumani Djonabaye ◽  
Williams Tchapga ◽  
Helen Irving ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Heterozygote Advantage ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Life Traits

Metabolic resistance to insecticides threatens malaria control. However, little is known about its fitness cost in field populations of malaria vectors, thus limiting the design of suitable resistance management strategies. Here, we assessed the association between the glutathione S-transferase GSTe2-mediated metabolic resistance and life-traits of natural populations of Anopheles funestus. A total of 1200 indoor resting blood-fed female An. funestus (F0) were collected in Mibellon, Cameroon (2016/2017), and allowed to lay eggs individually. Genotyping of F1 mosquitoes for the L119F-GSTE2 mutation revealed that L/L119-homozygote susceptible (SS) mosquitoes significantly laid more eggs than heterozygotes L119F-RS (odds ratio (OR) = 2.06; p < 0.0001) and homozygote resistant 119F/F-RR (OR = 2.93; p < 0.0001). L/L119-SS susceptible mosquitoes also showed the higher ability for oviposition than 119F/F-RR resistant (OR = 2.68; p = 0.0002) indicating a reduced fecundity in resistant mosquitoes. Furthermore, L119F-RS larvae developed faster (nine days) than L119F-RR and L119F-SS (11 days) (X2 = 11.052; degree of freedom (df) = 4; p = 0.02) suggesting a heterozygote advantage effect for larval development. Interestingly, L/L119-SS developed faster than 119F/F-RR (OR = 5.3; p < 0.0001) revealing an increased developmental time in resistant mosquitoes. However, genotyping and sequencing revealed that L119F-RR mosquitoes exhibited a higher adult longevity compared to RS (OR > 2.2; p < 0.05) and SS (OR > 2.1; p < 0.05) with an increased frequency of GSTe2-resistant haplotypes in mosquitoes of D30 after adult emergence. Additionally, comparison of the expression of GSTe2 revealed a significantly increased expression from D1-D30 after emergence of adults (Anova test (F) = 8; df= 3; p = 0.008). The negative association between GSTe2 and some life traits of An. funestus could facilitate new resistance management strategies. However, the increased longevity of GSTe2-resistant mosquitoes suggests that an increase in resistance could exacerbate malaria transmission.

Impact of Zygogramma bicolorata on vegetative and reproductive performance of Parthenium hysterophorus in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 2296-2306
Author(s):  
A. S. R. Bajracharya ◽  
◽  
R. B. Thapa ◽  
G. B. KC ◽  
S. B. Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Zygogramma Bicolorata ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Parthenium Weed

Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. is one of the most aggressive, invasive weeds threatening natural and agricultural ecosystems in Nepal. Leaf feeding beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is regarded as a potential candidate for biological control of Parthenium weed. Considering the fact effectiveness of Z. bicolorata against P. hysterophorus was evaluted in Nepal. Z. bicolorata caused 98.25 % defoliation of P. hysterophorus reducing 38.88 % plant height, 27.29 % plant width, 26.25 % root length, 12.33 % leaves, 40.58 % shoot biomass and 36.59 % root biomass in the period of 90 days. The flower production and soil seed bank were reduced by 50.22 % and 40.29 %, respectively. Z. bicolorata was an efficient bio-control agent with a significant negative effect on the vegetative and reproductive performance of the noxious weed P. hysterophorus.

Stage specific feeding attributes and mobilization of nutrients in Mexican beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister on Parthenium hysterophorus L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-314
Author(s):  
Priya Patel ◽  
Shailesh Singh ◽  
Arvind Kumar Patel ◽  
Bhupendra Kumar ◽  
Arvind Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Zygogramma Bicolorata

scholarly journals Nymph and Adult Performance of the Small Green Stink Bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) on Lanceleaf Crotalaria and Soybean

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Ricardo Panizzi ◽  
Shirlei Regina Cardoso ◽  
Viviane Ribeiro Chocorosqui
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Adult Performance ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Green Stink Bug ◽  
Piezodorus Guildinii

Lanceleaf crotalaria, Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey (Leguminosae) was found hosting the small green stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), in Paraná State, Brazil. In the laboratory, nymphs showed less mortality when fed on immature pods of crotalaria (64%) than when fed on immature pods of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (88%). From 2nd stadium to adult, nymphs required less time to complete development on crotalaria (mean of females and males = 18.4 days) than on soybean (21.5 days). Fresh body weight at adult emergence was greater on crotalaria (mean of females and males = 51.4 mg) than on soybean (42.2 mg). Adult P. guildinii tended to live longer on crotalaria than on soybean. Mean adult longevity was 34.6 days on crotalaria, and 28.8 days on soybean. However, the reproductive performance of females, although similar on both foods, tended to be greater on soybean. These results indicated that P. guildinii was able to develop and reproduce on the wild host lanceleaf crotalaria. Compared to soybean, this weed plant was more suitable for nymph development, and equally suitable for adult reproduction.

LIFE HISTORY STUDIES OF THE TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX HIRTIPENNIS (MELSHEIMER) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Davis Martin ◽  
G. A. Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

The life history of the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) (= Epitrix parvula Fab.) was studied under the controlled conditions of 27 ± 2.8°C, 80 ± 6% and a 14L:10D photophase. Eggs matured in ca. 4 days, the larval stage, including 3 instars, developed in 13 days, prepupal development took 3 days and the pupal stage lasted approximately 5 days. There was a 24 day interval between oviposition and adult emergence. Females laid 3.1 eggs/day with a 13 day period between adult emergence and first oviposition. The mean number of total eggs/female was 138.6 ± 14.7. Female oviposition continued until a few days before death and adult longevity was approximately 70 days. A visual means of distinguishing between male and female beetles was also developed.

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