scholarly journals Biology of Zygogramma Bicolorata Pallister on Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. under Laboratory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ajaya Shree Ratna Bajracharya ◽  
Resham Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Gopal Bahadur K.C ◽  
Shree Baba Pradhan ◽  
Jagat Devi Ranjit
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Zygogramma Bicolorata ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Augmentative Release ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Parthenium Weed

Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. is one of the most aggressive, invasive weeds threatening natural and agricultural ecosystems in the world including Nepal. Augmentative release of host-specific, leaf feeding beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the sustainable management approaches of parthenium weed. Successful mass rearing program requires knowledge on biology of Z. bicolorata for augmentative release. Thus, life cycle and biology of Z. bicolorata were studied in lab at 26±2 °C temperature and 70±10% relative humidity at NARC, Lalitpur, Nepal during March to September, 2016. The average incubation, larval and pupal periods of the insect were 4.33, 12.20, and 11.00 days, respectively. A single female could lay 1,837 eggs in 58.80 days oviposition period with 73.01% egg hatchability. The insect completed its life cycle in 108.40 and 105.50 days with adult longevity of 91.90 and 75.00 days for females and males, respectively. The average length of egg, pupa, adult female and male was 1.19 mm, 5.90 mm, 6.58 mm and 5.32 mm and breadth 0.51 mm, 3.74 mm, 3.94 mm and 3.20 mm, respectively. The average lengths of the first, second, third and fourth instar larvae were found 1.30 mm, 3.02 mm, 4.96 mm and 8.08 mm and breadth of 0.44 mm, 1.13 mm, 2.02 mm and 3.16 mm, respectively. These findings will help in mass multiplication of Z. bicolorata for biological control of parthenium weed.

Impact of Zygogramma bicolorata on vegetative and reproductive performance of Parthenium hysterophorus in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 2296-2306
Author(s):  
A. S. R. Bajracharya ◽  
◽  
R. B. Thapa ◽  
G. B. KC ◽  
S. B. Pradhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Zygogramma Bicolorata ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Parthenium Weed

Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. is one of the most aggressive, invasive weeds threatening natural and agricultural ecosystems in Nepal. Leaf feeding beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is regarded as a potential candidate for biological control of Parthenium weed. Considering the fact effectiveness of Z. bicolorata against P. hysterophorus was evaluted in Nepal. Z. bicolorata caused 98.25 % defoliation of P. hysterophorus reducing 38.88 % plant height, 27.29 % plant width, 26.25 % root length, 12.33 % leaves, 40.58 % shoot biomass and 36.59 % root biomass in the period of 90 days. The flower production and soil seed bank were reduced by 50.22 % and 40.29 %, respectively. Z. bicolorata was an efficient bio-control agent with a significant negative effect on the vegetative and reproductive performance of the noxious weed P. hysterophorus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of host-specificity of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptra: Chrysomelidae) for the biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae: Heliantheae) in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Ajaya Shree Ratna Bajracharya ◽  
Resham Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Gopal Bahadur KC ◽  
Shree Baba Pradhan ◽  
Jagat Devi Ranjit
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Zygogramma Bicolorata ◽  
Chrysanthemum Indicum ◽  
Specificity Test

Host-specificity test of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptra: Chrysomelidae) was conducted in the field and laboratory of National Entomology Research Center, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during April to September, 2017. Multiple-choice and no-choice tests were conducted on Agerataum houstoniamum Mill., Bidens pilosa L., Chrysanthemum indicum L., Dahlia pinnata Cav, Guizotia abyssinica L., Helianthus annuus L., Lactuca sativa L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Perilla frutescence L., Xanthium strumarium L., Zinnia elegans Jacq. and Jasminum officinale L. Among tested plant species, P. hysterophorus was only a preferred host of Z. bicolorata on which both larvae and adults fed. Ovipostion, larval development, pupation and adult emergence of Z. bicolorata occurred successfully on P. hysterophorus completing its life cycle. Larvae consumed H. anuus but could not pupate, and adults fed on it when starved for 5 days in no-choice test.   Both adults and larvae of Z. bicolorata consumed X. strumarium and completed larval and pupal developments, but adults did not oviposit. Adult longevity was significantly reduced after feeding on H. annus (19.00 days) and X. strumarium (29.33 days) compared to P. hysterophorus (83.33 days).

scholarly journals Study the morphological charactertics and the effect of foods on development and growth of Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee, 1854) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Minh Hong ◽  
Nguyen Duc Hung ◽  
Tran Dinh Chien
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Ostrinia Furnacalis ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Complete Life Cycle

The effects of foods on the life cycle, survival rate, and reproductive ability of Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee, 1854) were studied in laboratory. Maize HN88-Fed O. furnacalis had a complete life cycle of 32.9 ± 1.7 days, which was 38.4 ± 1.5 days shorter than those fed with maize LVN4. The average survival rates of O. furnacalis on two types of feeds were 97.5% and 94.4%, respectively. When O. furnacalis were fed with 100% honey or 50% sugar or water, the average length of female life cycle as well as their everage laid egg number were 11.1 ± 0.9 days and 535.2 ± 77.2 eggs/female; 9.9 ± 0.8 days and 371.7 ± 47.4 eggs/female; 7.3 ± 0.6 days and 216 ± 32.6 eggs/female, respectively. Keywords The effect of foods on Ostrinia furnacalis References Đặng Thị Dung (2003). Một số dẫn liệu về sâu đục thân ngô (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee) Pyralidae-Lepidoptera trong vụ xuân 2003 tại Gia Lâm, Hà Nội, Tạp chí BVTV số 6, tr 7-12.[2]. Patanakamjorn Somporn (1975). Biology of the tropical corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) inrelation to host plant resistance research. Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5435 [3]. Đặng Xuân Hưng (2010). Nghiên cứu một số đặc điểm sinh học, sinh thái của sâu đục thân ngô Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee và biện pháp phòng chống vụ đông 2009 và hè thu 2010 tại Gia Lâm, Hà Nội. Luận văn Thạc sỹ Nông nghiệp, Trường Đại học Nông nghiệp Hà Nội 75 trang.11/2010. [4]. Yoshio Hirai and Danilo M. Legacion (1985). Improvement of the Mass Rearing Techniques for the Asiatic Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee), in the Philippines. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly (JARQ) Vol. 19, No. 3, 1985

scholarly journals Harmful Effects of Parthenium hysterophorus and Management Through Different Approaches”- A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (05) ◽  
pp. 1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh B.N. ◽  
Sunil Kumar R. ◽  
Pramod R. ◽  
Jayaramiah R.
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Zygogramma Bicolorata ◽  
Roadside Vegetation ◽  
Fusarium Pallidoroseum ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Almost All

Parthenium hysterophorus is commonly known as congress grass or carrot weed in India. It belongs to Asteraceae family and native to subtropics of North and South America. It is an invasive plant species that disturbs cultivated areas, roadside vegetation, gardens etc. P. hysterophorus is considered as one of the worst weeds responsible for causing health problems in animals and humans viz., dermatitis, asthma and bronchitis besides loss to agriculture and ecosystem. Nowadays, it has become one of the major weeds in almost all types of agricultural lands and other areas. Many control methods ranging from preventive, physical methods by manual uprooting, burning and allelopathic management through competitive plants like Cassia tora, Cassia uniflora Cassia sericea, have been recommended for management of P. hysterophorus. Likewise, insect Zygogramma bicolorata has proven successful in managing  P. hysterophorus. Further, microorganisms like Alternaria alternata, Scerotiia sclerotiorum, Fusarium Pallidoroseum, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomanas campestris are reported to infest P. hysterophorus. Use of chemical herbicides mainly glyphosate @ 2.5 kg a.i.ha-1,atrazine @ 2.6 kg a.i.ha-1,2,4-D amine @ 3 l/ ha-1, Paraquat 0.5 l/ ha-1 were proved effective in managing P. hysterophorus. No single option is suitable to control this invasive weed. Successful control of this weed can only be achieved by an integrated weed management approaches.

scholarly journals Biology and Morphometrics of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) on Chickpea

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
K. Sathish ◽  
J. Jaba ◽  
B. P. Katlam ◽  
A. Vishal ◽  
S. P. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Chickpea Cultivar ◽  
Total Life

The biology and morphometrics of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis were studied on chickpea cultivar ICCV 2 under laboratory conditions at ICRISAT, Patancheru, Telangana, India during 2018-19 and 2019-2020. The experiments were carried out in the BOD incubator at temperature of 28 ± 2ºC and relative humidity of 65 to 70%. The life cycle of C. chinensis included four stages egg, grub, pupae and adult. The data revealed that eggs incubation period in 4-5 days, the grub stage consisted of four instars and its development ranged from 20-25 days, pupation lasted for 6-7 days, whereas, female adult longevity ranged from 9-12 days. The morphometric measurements revealed that the average length and breadth of eggs were 0.62 ± 0.03mm and 0.34 ± 0.02 mm respectively. The length and breadth (mm) of four grub instars G1, G2, G3 and G4  were 0.58 ± 0.02 and 0.30 ± 0.01, 1.53 ± 0.06 and 0.92 ± 0.04, 2.71 ± 0.10 and 1.47 ± 0.06, 3.59 ± 0.14 and 1.96 ± 0.08 respectively. The average length and breadth of pupa were 3.72 ± 0.12 mm, 2.15 ± 0.09 mm. Whereas, the length and breadth (mm) of  adult male and female bruchids were 3.87 ± 0.08, 2.07 ± 0.05 and 4.23 ± 0.14, 2.31 ± 0.07 respectively. The total life cycle of C. chinensis ranged from 33-42 days.

Reproductive performance and transcriptome analyses of Tetranychus urticae when feeding on bean leaves and an artificial diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1272-1283
Author(s):  
Yongjuan He ◽  
Jiale Lv ◽  
Endong Wang ◽  
Xuenong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Transcriptome Analyses ◽  
Bean Leaves

As an important pest, Tetranychus urticae fed on thousands of host plants and showed strong capability in host adaptation. However, hardly any success artificial diet has been developed for it. In this study, we compared adult longevity and reproduction of T. urticae that fed on its natural food (bean leaves) and an artificial diet with leaf extracts added, and tried to investigate the reason why the artificial diet was inefficient through transcriptome analyses. Mean adult longevity and cumulative fecundities of T. urticae was reduced by 53.4% and 93.8%, respectively. Transcriptome analyses showed that 1731 genes were differentially expressed comparing individuals fed with the artificial diet and with their natural food, among which most (77.1%) were down regulated. No significant induced expression of xenobiotic transporters and detoxification enzymes were observed when T. urticae were fed with the artificial diet. In contrast, differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in digestive related terms, especially in lipid metabolism related pathways, with most genes down regulated. Our results indicated the significance in further investigating lipid demand and metabolism of T. urticae to improve its mass rearing techniques.

The cattle lice of Great Britain Part I. Biology, with special reference to Haematopinus eurysternus

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Craufurd-Benson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Threshold Of Development ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

1. The geographical distribution of cattle lice in Britain is recorded in detail. Bovicola bovis is the commonest and most widely distributed species in Britain.2. The incubation period for the eggs was found to be: Haematopinus eurysternus, 9–19 days (av. 12); Bovicola bovis, 7–10 days (av. 8); Linognathus vitula, 10–13 days; Solenopotes capillatus, 10–13 days. With eggs of H. eurysternus it was found that the higher the minimum air temperature the shorter was the incubation period.3. In H. eurysternus the average length of the instars was: 1st, 4 days; 2nd, 4 days; 3rd, 4 days; pre-oviposition period, 3–4 days. The average time for the complete life cycle, egg to egg, was 28 days.4. The maximum longevity of H. eurysternus on the host was: males, 10 days; females, 16 days. No males or females of H. eurysternus survived a starvation period of 72 hr. at 20° C. and R.H. 70 or 0–10° C. and R.H. 70–85; but some nymphs survived this period at 20° C. and R.H. 70, but none survived 96 hr. starvation.5. The maximum number of eggs recorded for one female was 24; and eggs were laid at the rate of 1–4 a day.6. The threshold of development of the eggs of H. eurysternus appears to be about 27·5° C.

Physiological response of Parthenium hysterophorus to defoliation by the leaf-feeding beetle Zygogramma bicolorata

2018 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair W. Cowie ◽  
Ed T.F. Witkowski ◽  
Marcus J. Byrne ◽  
Lorraine W. Strathie ◽  
Jeremy M. Goodall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Zygogramma Bicolorata
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