scholarly journals Late blight of potato and its management through the application of different fungicides and organic amendments: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-320
Author(s):  
Injila Tiwari ◽  
Kabita Kumari Shah ◽  
Subina Tripathi ◽  
Bindu Modi ◽  
Sudeep Subedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

Late the blight  of  potato is  a  devastating  and  one of  the  economic diseases  of potato  and  other plants  belonging  to family Solanaceae. Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most threatening pathogenic diseases which not only results in direct crop losses but also cause farmers to embrace huge monetary expenses for disease control and preventive measure. It was first reported during the Irish Potato Famine, leading to massive starvation in Ireland and other parts of Europe during the middle of 19th century. Phytopthora harms the foliar portion in the field and also the tuber in the storage that can result in complete crop failure in potato. The pathogen has distinct survival mechanisms and two life cycles infection processes. The development of a sexual spore known as oospore includes two types of pairs, A1 and A2. The spores are introduced to good plants by wind and rain. Different methods for prevention of crops from late blight has been developed and used worldwide. An integrated disease management strategy includes successful control of this disease. Cultural control, chemical management, and advanced disease management are the most effective interventions. Integration of late blight control in tropical regions with abundant fungal inoculants in most months of the year was also seen as one of the best choices in disease management. This paper reviews the significance of late blight of potato and controlling strategies adopted for minimizing yield losses incurred by this disease by the application of synthetic fungicides and different organic amendments.

scholarly journals Invasion of Phytophthora infestans at the Landscape Level: How Do Spatial Scale and Weather Modulate the Consequences of Spatial Heterogeneity in Host Resistance?

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 1146-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Skelsey ◽  
Walter A. H. Rossing ◽  
Geert J. T. Kessel ◽  
Wopke van der Werf
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Landscape Level

Strategic spatial patterning of crop species and cultivars could make agricultural landscapes less vulnerable to plant disease epidemics, but experimentation to explore effective disease-suppressive landscape designs is problematic. Here, we present a realistic, multiscale, spatiotemporal, integrodifference equation model of potato late blight epidemics to determine the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and disease spread, and determine the effectiveness of mixing resistant and susceptible cultivars at different spatial scales under the influence of weather. The model framework comprised a landscape generator, a potato late blight model that includes host and pathogen life cycles and fungicide management at the field scale, and an atmospheric dispersion model that calculates spore dispersal at the landscape scale. Landscapes consisted of one or two distinct potato-growing regions (6.4-by-6.4-km) embedded within a nonhost matrix. The characteristics of fields and growing regions and the separation distance between two growing regions were investigated for their effects on disease incidence, measured as the proportion of fields with ≥1% severity, after inoculation of a single potato grid cell with a low initial level of disease. The most effective spatial strategies for suppressing disease spread in a region were those that reduced the acreage of potato or increased the proportion of a resistant potato cultivar. Clustering potato cultivation in some parts of a region, either by planting in large fields or clustering small fields, enhanced the spread within such a cluster while it delayed spread from one cluster to another; however, the net effect of clustering was an increase in disease at the landscape scale. The planting of mixtures of a resistant and susceptible cultivar was a consistently effective option for creating potato-growing regions that suppressed disease spread. It was more effective to mix susceptible and resistant cultivars within fields than plant some fields entirely with a susceptible cultivar and other fields with a resistant cultivar, at the same ratio of susceptible to resistant potato plants at the landscape level. Separation distances of at least 16 km were needed to completely prevent epidemic spread from one potato-growing region to another. Effects of spatial placement of resistant and susceptible potato cultivars depended strongly on meteorological conditions, indicating that landscape connectivity for the spread of plant disease depends on the particular coincidence between direction of spread, location of fields, distance between the fields, and survival of the spores depending on the weather. Therefore, in the simulation of (airborne) pathogen invasions, it is important to consider the large variability of atmospheric dispersion conditions.

Promoting international collaboration for potato late blight disease management

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Raman ◽  
Niklaus J. Grünwald ◽  
William E. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

Survey Results on Environmental Issues and Weed Science Research Priorities within the Corn Belt

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Stoller ◽  
Loyd M. Wax ◽  
David M. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Science

A survey determined the views of individuals in seven groups comprising the weed science community in the corn belt (primarily in Illinois) for importance of 8 environmental and 14 crop production issues and 16 weed species in setting weed science research priorities for the next 3 to 5 yr. The survey also considered if funding of research to solve these environmental and production issues should be from the private or public sector. Velvetleaf, foxtail species, and common lambsquarters were considered the top three weed species by all respondents, and each of these weeds was among the five most important weeds within each of the seven survey groups. Improving ground and surface water quality were the foremost environmental issues for all respondents, but soybean growers listed herbicide carryover as their top environmental concern. Reducing herbicide residues in food and developing sustainable practices were given low preference by all groups. Sustainable growers rated reducing herbicide carryover and minimizing applicator exposure as their lowest priorities. Among all respondents, the top three production issues were improved weed control in conservation tillage, more economical weed control, and improved integrated control strategies. Studying the biology/life cycles of weeds was the third highest production priority of University and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) weed scientists, but was the last choice when averaged over the aggregate survey group. Developing strategies for resistant weeds and herbicide-resistant crops were chemical dealers top two priorities. Industry representatives gave the former subject their highest rating and the latter their lowest rating. Crop consultants seemed to want decision aids, as they chose assessing weed loss/thresholds and developing weed control/economic models among their top three production issues. Both corn and soybean growers desired more economical weed control as a first choice, while sustainable growers wanted improved cultural control strategies. Corn and soybean growers ranked developing new herbicides among their top three choices, but this issue was the lowest choice of the sustainable growers. University, USDA, and industrial weed scientists suggested that their own organizations conduct the research on their highest priorities issues.

Efficacy of fungicides in controlling late blight of potato

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
MM Anwar ◽  
A Parveen ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
NU Mahamud ◽  
RK Roy
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

Potato cultivars grown in Bangladesh have low levels of general resistance to late blight. As such, most commercial potato farmers rely on fungicide applications for control of Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight. Management of late blight of potato requires an integrated approach that includes rotation with non-hosts, resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and fungicides. The study on efficacy of some new fungicides against late blight disease of potato was conducted at ARS, Alamnagar Rangpur during rabi season 2010-2011 to select suitable fungicides against late blight of potato. Thirteen different fungicides were tested and all the tested fungicides showed significantly better performance over control. Considering percentage disease incidence T4,T6 and T12 showed better performance than all other treatment. In case of T4,T6 and T12 treatment disease reduction was more than 80 % over control. Significantly the highest tuber yield 25.5 t ha-1was obtained from T3  which was statistically similar to the yield of T2,T5 , T6, T9, T10, T11and T12  treatment whereas the lowest tuber  yield 14.5 t ha-1 was obtained from control treatment. Field experiment was conducted from 2010 to 2011 to investigate the comparative efficacy of the fungicides. In the field, applications of fungicide that preceded the largest incremental increase in disease incidence provided the best control of disease or increased yield.Progressive Agriculture 26 (2): 103-108, 2015

scholarly journals Characterization of Phytophthora infestans in Wisconsin from 1993 to 1995

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Marshall-Farrar ◽  
M. McGrath ◽  
R. V. James ◽  
W. R. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Production Problem ◽  
Significant Production ◽  
Allozyme Genotype ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

Late blight of potato (Solanum tuberosum), caused by Phytophthora infestans, recently reappeared in Wisconsin and was a significant production problem in 1994. P. infestans isolates collected in Wisconsin from 1993 to 1995 were characterized for the following traits: mating type, sensitivity to metalaxyl, and allozyme genotype for Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi). Characterization of these isolates revealed that a new, more aggressive population (A2 mating type, metalaxyl resistant, and Gpi genotype 100/111/122) is displacing the old population (A1 mating type, metalaxyl sensitive, and Gpi genotype 86/100) in Wisconsin.

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