scholarly journals Sedimentary geology and biostratigraphy of the Mianwali Formation, Kala Chitta Range, Northern Pakistan

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaleem Akhtar Qureshi ◽  
Ali Nasir Fatmi ◽  
Riaz Ahmed Sheikh ◽  
Aftab Ahmad Butt
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Normal Wave ◽  
Microfacies Analysis ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
The Third ◽  
Shelf Margin ◽  
Normal Salinity

Microfacies analysis and ammonite biostratigraphy of the Mianwali Formation of the Kala China Range were worked out on the basis of stratigraphic sections from Chak Jabbi and Bagh. Four microfacies were identified from the Chak Jabbi section while amrnonite biostratigraphy was studied from both the sections. Filamentous bivalves in micrite deposited along a shelf margin below normal wave base represent the first microfacies. The second microfacies contains bioclastic wackestone deposited in an open marine environment of normal salinity. The third microfacies consists of lime mudstone formed in a stressed environment of lagoonal conditions, whereas the fourth microfacies of dolomitised carbonate mudstone was formed by the diagenetic dolomitisation of the third microfacies. The new collection of ammonites includes Arctoceras tuberculatum, Anakashmirites aff. evolutus, Meekoceras gracilitatis, Stephanites sp., Pseudoceltites sp., Subvishnuites aff. welteri, Arnautoceltites sp., Owemtes sp. indet, Subvishnuites aff. enveris, Pseudosageceras sp. indet, Paranannites sp., Subcolumbites sp., Anasibrites sp., and Pseudaspidites sp, confirming the already known Sctythian age of the Mianwali Formation.

scholarly journals CONTRIBUIÇÕES DAS ÁREAS MARINHAS PROTEGIDAS PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO E A GESTÃO DO AMBIENTE MARINHO

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme FOURNIER ◽  
Andrea De CASTRO PANIZZA
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conservation And Management ◽  
Reserve Effect

Este artigo apresenta os diferentes aspectos da proteção do ambiente litorâneo abordando três pontos essenciais. O primeiro evoca a instalação de áreas marinhas protegidas (AMP) em um contexto socioeconômico e político, destacando seu funcionamento e a noção de “ efeito reserva”. O segundo mostra a importância das AMP na proteção da biodiversidade marinha. Finalmente, o terceiro ponto exemplifica a avaliação do meio natural e aborda, de maneira geral, o valor econômico das espécies e da “Natureza” na ocorrência de degradação. Contributions of the marine protected areas for the conservation and management of the marine environment Abstract This article presents the various aspects of the littoral environmental protection by approaching three important points. The first evokes the installation of the marine surfaces protected in a socio-economic and political context. The operation of the reserves and the concept of “ reserve effect “ are explained. The second explains the interest of MPA to protect the marine biodiversity. Lastly, the third point shows the evaluation of the natural environment and more generally of the economic value of the species and “Nature” in the event of degradation.

scholarly journals Novel Secondary Metabolites from New Zealand  Marine Sponges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
John Martin Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Acid Derivative ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
The Third ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Synthetic Derivative ◽  
Nonadecanoic Acid

<p>The isolation and structure elucidation of 12 new compounds from four different genera of marine sponge is described. Continued work with the marine sponge Raspailia topsenti resulted in the isolation of two clerodane diterpenes, raspailodanes F (40) and G (41). Raspailodane F contains a novel tricyclo[5.4.0.0]undecane scaffold including a cyclopropyl ring. A nonadecanoic acid derivative, petrosianoic acid (122), was isolated from an unknown species of the genus Petrosia. It is believed that 122 is only the third nonadecanoic acid derivative reported from the marine environment. The marine sponge Dendrilla rosea was examined for the presence of new spongian diterpenes. While no new diterpenes were discovered, the acetylenic nitrile dendronitrile (158) was isolated along with two known diterpenes and a known steroid. Dendronitrile is the first acetylenic nitrile discovered from the marine environment and only the third ever reported. Seven new lamellarins and one new dictyodendrin were isolated from Dictyodendrilla dendyi alongside one known lamellarin and two known dictyodendrins. Lamellarins Θ (187) and κ (188) are related to known lamellarins. The remaining five lamellarins are sulfated derivatives, lamellarin Θ 4'',4'''-disulfate (190), lamellarin O 4'''-sulfate (191), lamellarin O 4'',4'''-disulfate (192), lamellarin κ 4'''-sulfate (193), and lamellarin κ 4'',4'''- disulfate (194). Dictyodendrin F (195) is a new natural product previously only reported as a semi-synthetic derivative of known dictyodendrins. Lamellarin shows moderate cytotoxic activity. The biological activity of the remaining compounds, particularly the sulfated derivatives, is under investigation. The screening protocol used to analyse crude sponge extracts was refined and a number of advances were made towards the automated analysis of the spectra generated. A method was devised to extract peak data from screen HSQC spectra and by combining these data, to produce a software-based mask of known correlations. The application of this mask was demonstrated in three different ways to three different screen HSQC spectra. To aid in the identification of interesting correlations identified by the mask, a database of HSQC correlations was compiled from literature and in-house sources. A new method of describing the chemical environment of a given position was developed to suit the needs of the database. At present, the database contains 91 compounds and represents over 2500 individual HSQC correlations. Development of both the software screening technique and the HSQC correlation database is ongoing.</p>

scholarly journals Novel Secondary Metabolites from New Zealand  Marine Sponges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
John Martin Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Acid Derivative ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
The Third ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Synthetic Derivative ◽  
Nonadecanoic Acid

<p>The isolation and structure elucidation of 12 new compounds from four different genera of marine sponge is described. Continued work with the marine sponge Raspailia topsenti resulted in the isolation of two clerodane diterpenes, raspailodanes F (40) and G (41). Raspailodane F contains a novel tricyclo[5.4.0.0]undecane scaffold including a cyclopropyl ring. A nonadecanoic acid derivative, petrosianoic acid (122), was isolated from an unknown species of the genus Petrosia. It is believed that 122 is only the third nonadecanoic acid derivative reported from the marine environment. The marine sponge Dendrilla rosea was examined for the presence of new spongian diterpenes. While no new diterpenes were discovered, the acetylenic nitrile dendronitrile (158) was isolated along with two known diterpenes and a known steroid. Dendronitrile is the first acetylenic nitrile discovered from the marine environment and only the third ever reported. Seven new lamellarins and one new dictyodendrin were isolated from Dictyodendrilla dendyi alongside one known lamellarin and two known dictyodendrins. Lamellarins Θ (187) and κ (188) are related to known lamellarins. The remaining five lamellarins are sulfated derivatives, lamellarin Θ 4'',4'''-disulfate (190), lamellarin O 4'''-sulfate (191), lamellarin O 4'',4'''-disulfate (192), lamellarin κ 4'''-sulfate (193), and lamellarin κ 4'',4'''- disulfate (194). Dictyodendrin F (195) is a new natural product previously only reported as a semi-synthetic derivative of known dictyodendrins. Lamellarin shows moderate cytotoxic activity. The biological activity of the remaining compounds, particularly the sulfated derivatives, is under investigation. The screening protocol used to analyse crude sponge extracts was refined and a number of advances were made towards the automated analysis of the spectra generated. A method was devised to extract peak data from screen HSQC spectra and by combining these data, to produce a software-based mask of known correlations. The application of this mask was demonstrated in three different ways to three different screen HSQC spectra. To aid in the identification of interesting correlations identified by the mask, a database of HSQC correlations was compiled from literature and in-house sources. A new method of describing the chemical environment of a given position was developed to suit the needs of the database. At present, the database contains 91 compounds and represents over 2500 individual HSQC correlations. Development of both the software screening technique and the HSQC correlation database is ongoing.</p>

6 Applications for Provisional Measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kittichaisaree Kriangsak
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
International Tribunal ◽  
The Third ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

This chapter assesses applications for provisional measures of protection under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). At the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea, the need for courts or tribunals having jurisdiction under UNCLOS to have the power to prescribe provisional measures was beyond dispute although there was considerable debate concerning the details of the regime associated with such measures. The finally adopted Article 290 of UNCLOS, under the heading ‘Provisional measures’, represents the best possible compromise. Provisional measures are divided into provisional measures prescribed by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) under Article 290(1) pending ITLOS’ judgment on the merits of the dispute, on the one hand, and provisional measures prescribed by ITLOS under Article 290(5) pending the constitution of an arbitral tribunal to which a dispute is being submitted, on the other hand. The request for the prescription of provisional measures shall be in writing and specify the measures requested, the reasons therefor, and the possible consequences, if the request is not granted, for the preservation of the respective rights of the parties or for the prevention of serious harm to the marine environment.

Kennedy Channel Formation: key to the early history of the Franklinian continental margin, central eastern Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. F. Long
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Basin Evolution ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
Channel Formation ◽  
Late Precambrian ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagenetic Facies ◽  
Shelf Margin ◽  
Water Facies

The Franklinian sequence in the Canadian Arctic Islands may have been initiated by rifting in Late Proterozoic or Early Cambrian times. Unfortunately, no record of this early phase of basin evolution is exposed; the oldest known strata are weakly metamorphosed mudstones, limestones, and sandstones of the Kennedy Channel Formation. Although these have previously been considered late Precambrian in age, the presence of minor trilobite and brachiopod debris indicates an Early Cambrian age, possibly corresponding to a pre-Olenellus trilobite zone. Strata of the Kennedy Channel Formation reflect repeated progradation of shallow-water facies into a slowly subsiding basin that developed in response to subsidence at a late stage of rift development along the Franklinian shelf margin. The first two cycles involve storm- and tide-influenced clastics derived from the Precambrian Shield to the southeast, whereas the third and fourth cycles involve progradation of carbonate ramp and rimmed platform facies. The contact with overlying dolostones of the Ella Bay Formation represents a depositional and diagenetic facies boundary and not an unconformity.

Demosponges and hexactinellid sponges from the Lower Devonian Ross Formation of west-central Tennessee

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Keith Rigby ◽  
Craig R. Clement
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Normal Wave ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
West Central ◽  
The Family ◽  
Benton County ◽  
Hexactinellid Sponges

A fauna of eight taxa of demosponges and hexactinellid sponges has been collected from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) Ross Formation, largely out of the upper Birdsong Shale Member in Benton, Decatur, and Perry Counties in west-central Tennessee. The Upper Birdsong Shale (“bryozoan zone”) in which the sponges are most common appears to have been deposited below normal wave base in a quiet marine environment, and represents a terrigenous clastic sediment influx onto a carbonate shelf that had existed in the area from at least the middle Silurian. Benton Quarry in Benton County was the most productive locality for fossil sponges.The new demosponge genera and species Ginkgospongia foliata and Coniculospongia radiata occur with the new species Haplistion lobatum and skeletal mats of fine spicules, along with moderately rare specimens of Hindia sphaeroidalis Duncan. The new hexactinellid genus and species Stiodermiella amanita and Stiodermiella tetragona are characterized by peculiar ornamented papillose, swollen spicules that produce a massive, armored layer on the upper part of the sponge. The latter are associated with the new hexactinellid species Twenhofelella bulbulus, which has relatively normal-appearing hexactines, and with an indeterminate hexactinellid genus, which has spinose hexactines in irregular orientation in a small, platelike fragment. Root tufts of probable hexactine origin also occur.Swollen spicules in Stiodermiella are reminiscent of swollen spicules in the family Stiodermatidae Finks, largely from the Permian of western Texas, but elements of the family are also known from Lower Carboniferous to Permian rocks in Europe and North America.

scholarly journals THE LATE EARLY CRETACEOUS TRANSGRESSION ON THE LATERITES IN VOURINOS AND VERMION MASSIFS (WESTERN MACEDONIA, GREECE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Photiades ◽  
N. Carras ◽  
V. Bortolotti ◽  
M. Fazzuoli ◽  
G. Principi
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Ophiolite Complex ◽  
Marine Transgression ◽  
The Third ◽  
Normal Salinity

Three stratigraphical sections from eastern Vourinos (Rhodiani area) to eastern Vermion massifs revealed the same age of the latérite events affecting the serpentinized ophiolite complex after its emplacement on the Pelagonian domain. All of them consist from their base upwards of serpentinized harzburgite slivers with lateritic unconformities on the top, followed by transgressive upper Lower Cretaceous neritic limestones. At Kteni locality (Rhodiani area), a laterite horizon, lying on top of serpentinites, is covered by transgressive neritic limestones with Salpingoporella urladanasi, assigning a Barremian - Albian age, followed by Orbitolinidae limestones. At Tsimodia locality (NNW to the previous), the latente horizon, lying on karstified Upper Jurassic reef limestones (which are the top member of a carbonate platform body tectonically lying on the ophiolites), is trans gres s ively overlain by iron-rich pisolith levels and Aptian limestones of the wackes tone-muds tone type, also containing Salpingoporella urladanasi, followed by Cenomanian Orbitolina limestones. Finally, the third examined locality, further north-eastward to the previous, is situated at the eastern slopes of Vermion massif and more precisely at the NWpart of Koumaria village. There, it can again be observed that the lateritized serpentinite slivers are overlain transgress ively by neritic limestones with Salpingoporella urladanasi, passing upwards into Upper Cretaceous recrystallized limestones with Orbitolinidae and rudist fragments and, finally, toflysch deposition. These features allow to recognize that the emersion and the consecutive lateritization of the thrust-emplaced ophiolites in Vourinos and Vermion massifs in the northern Pelagonian domain, starting from the Latest Jurassic, was followed by a marine transgression beginning from the Barremian - Albian, firstly under restricted and brackish carbonate platform conditions, marked by the presence of the dasycladalean alga Salpingoporella urladanasi, followed by normal salinity carbonate platform conditions. The neritic sedimentation was stable until the Early Cenomanian. Subsequently, a deepening, earlier at Vourinos and later at Vermion, resulted in deposition of pelagic and turbiditic carbonates and then offlysch.

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