NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY OF THE JAURU RIVER BASIN-MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL

The disorderly use of land is currently one of the main causes of environmental problems. From this perspective, the objective of this study was to determine the natural and environmental vulnerability of the Jauru river basin in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. This goal was made from the perspective that the results generated contribute to environmental planning and management, considering that the Jauru river is tributary of the Paraguay river, responsible for the flooding of the Pantanal plain and, that possible impacts caused by the basin may compromise the dynamic equilibrium of the Pantanal's flood pulse. The model of assessment of natural and environmental vulnerability was adopted, with the identification of the following environmental characteristics: geology, slope, agricultural aptitude and vegetation cover and land use. Data were related through Geographic Information Systems to generate natural and environmental vulnerability maps. It was verified, through the data obtained, that in both vulnerabilities studied there was a predominance of the middle class, mainly resulting from the presence of fragile soils. Also, the predominance of the classes of agricultural aptitude found in the basin, as well as the suppression of the natural vegetation to expand the pasture areas. It was concluded that the areas covered by natural vegetation and/or pastures, in the Jauru river basin, present average natural vulnerability and state of medium to high environmental vulnerability, evidencing that livestock, the main activity regional economic development, has been developed in disagreement with environmental aptitude, contributing to the elevation of the state of environmental vulnerability in the basin.

DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATE OF VEGETABLE COVERAGE AND LAND USE IN LANDSCAPE REGIONS OF THE SOUTHWESTERN PORTION OF THE BRAZILIAN STATE OF MATO GROSSO

The objective of this article is to investigate the space-time dynamics of vegetation cover and land use and the Environmental State of the landscape regions of the southwestern portion of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso.The vegetation cover and land use maps were generated from the Landsat 5 satellite images from 1984, and Landsat 8 from 2013 in the SPRING software. Map quantifications and layouts were elaborated withArcGis. The regionalization and analysis of the environmental state of the landscape were made through a regional geoecological matrix. From the results obtained, it was verified that the anthropic uses in the period of study were expanded by 134.08% while the vegetal coverings were reduced by 21.66% and the water bodies by 39%. Pasture is the predominant land use in the region, 24.09% (31,335.86 km²), mainly occupying the flat and smooth wavy terrain. Forest cover totaled 66.36% (84,967.12 km2), being found mainly in forest fragments, in which the larger territorial dimensions are either protected by environmental legislation or located in indigenous lands. Eight landscape regions were delimited in the southwest portion of Mato Grosso, including the Paraguay River Depression, which presents the landscape with the highest percentage of anthropic uses, predominantly the Degraded Environmental State. It was concluded that there is a need to adopt land use practices that minimize the environmental degradation of landscape regions, considering that during the period under investigation, the expansion of anthropic uses, mainly Livestock, directly influenced the suppression of vegetation cover.

MORPHOMETRY OF THE HYDROGRAPHIC BASINS INSERTED IN THE URBAN AREA OF DOURADOS – MS – BRAZIL

The morphometric characterization of watersheds has great importance and appliance for the prediction of phenomena such as floods. The objective of this study was to delimitate and characterize morphometrically the hydrographic basins that encompass the urban area of the Municipality of Dourados / MS – Brazil, which derived from estimated physical variables obtained by applying a license-free GIS software. Based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), the following microcatchment characteristics were determined: area, perimeter, slope, altitude, and watercourse orders. Four morphometric parameters that express a direct or inverse relationship with the water quantity factors of a hydrographic source were calculated and analyzed, being them: compactness coefficient, shape factor, circularity index, and drainage density. By comparing the studied basin results, it was observed that Água Limpa, Água Boa, and Laranja Azeda basin streams are more susceptible to flooding, especially considering the measurement factor and drainage density.

NOTA EDITORIAL

Este número especial da Revista Ra'e Ga reúne 13 trabalhos selecionados entre os 109 apresentados no 7º GeoPantanal. Destaca-se que 148 trabalhos foram inscritos no Simpósio e analisados pelo comitê técnico-científico. Além do Brasil, com inscritos de 15 Estados, houve também participantes de dois países (Bolívia e Paraguai).O 7º GeoPantanal foi realizado no período de 20 a 24 de outubro de 2018 na cidade de Jardim, MS. O incentivo à produção e a disseminação do conhecimento sobre a região pantaneira foi proporcionado pelo esforço da Embrapa informática Agropecuária e do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, juntos com as parceiras locais Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso do Sul, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul e Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, buscando propiciar a atualização e disseminação das ferramentas de geotecnologia à comunidade acadêmica e ao público em geral.Com esta publicação os organizadores do evento, com o apoio da revista Ra'e Ga - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise, dará continuidade á divulgação de estudos do Pantanal e região de entorno, delimitada pela Bacia do Alto Paraguai - BAP, contemplando a utilização de informações espacializadas e georreferenciadas em estudos multi e interdisciplinares.Destaca-se o apoio financeiro recebido do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Fundação de Amparo á Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Ibama), WWF Brasil, Calcário Bodoquena, Visiona Tecnologia Espacial e do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE).Aproveitamos o momento oportuno para expressar nossos agradecimentos a todos (as) que contribuem com a revista Ra’e Ga - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise, em especial aos Revisores (as) e ao Programa de Apoio às Publicações Científicas Periódicas da UFPR que realizaram a revisão do mérito científico e linguística respectivamente, atividades fundamentais para a qualidade do presente número especial.

MAPPING PRIORITY AREAS FOR FOREST RECOVERY USING MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS IN THE BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST

The collapse of a mining dam with 62 million cubic meters of mud in the Rio Doce basin resulted in the destruction of whole communities and large areas of Atlantic Forest. As forest restoration activities are among the most costly conservation strategies, prioritization of restoration efforts is crucial. In the present article, we mapped priority areas for forest recovery in a portion of the Rio Doce Basin (DO1) using a GIS-based (geographic information system) multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) employing the weighted linear combination (WLC) method. Five factors with different weights were taken into consideration according to their level of importance: distance from the drainage network, distance from the native vegetation patches, slope, soil class and precipitation. A map of priority areas was produced where 1.73% of the area was classified as very high priority for forest recovery, while 5.18% of the area was classified as high priority, 57.88% as medium priority, 1.34% as low priority and 0.00% as very low priority. The highest weights were both for the distance from the drainage network and the distance from native vegetation, revealing that areas of permanent preservation and those closer to forest fragments are priority areas for forest recovery. MCDA is a flexible and easy-to-implement method generating maps with suitable solutions for forest recovery. The approach taken can be replicated in regions that require support for decision making in environmental planning, such as the Pantanal biome, which is under considerable pressure from deforestation for the expansion of pastures.

EVALUATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION MODELS OF "BURITI" AND "PARATUDO", ARBOREAL SPECIES OF THE PANTANAL, WITH DATA OF THE CLIMATE OF THE QUATERNARY AND THE PRESENT

During the Quaternary, climatic variations caused changes in the size of vegetation formations in the Pantanal, promoting the expansion of seasonal forests at the beginning of the Holocene. Climatic conditions change the patterns of vegetation diversity on continental scales. Mauritia flexuosa L. f., The "Buriti", is a palm tree that explores humid environments with acid soils. While, Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. &Hook.f. ex S.Moore is a species of monodominant occurrence in the Pantanal in extensive areas locally denominated as "paratudal". Data sets of past eras have contributed to the study of plant species biogeography. The models of the potential distribution of these species were generated from the algorithm of the Maxent program with climatic data set of the Last Glacial Maximum (ca 22,000 years AP), Holocene Medium (ca. 6,000 years AP) and present time in two different versions. Potential distribution models with climatic packets from the present in the newer version presented areas of environmental suitability greater than in the older version. In the Holocene Middle and Late Glacial Maximum periods, the areas of environmental suitability were higher than in the newer present version. Many studies on climatic variations on the South American continent confirm the suggestions of the proposed models. The areas of environmental suitability of the species treated in the present are smaller in comparison with Last Glacial Maximum and Average Holocene. The species presented a potential distribution according to the biogeographic history of South America.

DYNAMICS OF HEAT FLUXES BY BOWEN AND MATMNXFLX AND NOAH FLDAS PRODUCTS IN THE PANTANAL OF MATO GROSSO.

This paper aimed to analyze the dynamics of the energy budget components: latent heat flux (LE), sensible heat flux (H) and soil heat flux (G), in the Mato Grosso Pantanal. The estimates of LE, H, and G were obtained by the Bowen ratio methods, using data from the micrometeorological tower located in the Baía das Pedras Park of SESC-Pantanal Ecological Resort, for the years 2011 to 2013. The normality of the variables Rn, LE, H and G, were tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test at 5% significance, and the seasonal differences of the fluxes were verified by the KruskalWallis test, α = 0.05. LE and H data from the remote sensing products MATMNXFLX and FLDAS_NOAH of the MERRA model was also acquired, and their comparison with the tower data was performed by the statistics of Spearman correlation (r), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Erro (RMSE), bias, and Willmott's Concordance Index (d). It was observed that most of the available energy is used for evapotranspiration (latent heat), followed by sensible heat and soil heat flux. In the rainy season there is an increase in the partition of LE and G and reduction of H. Only the estimates of LE of MATMNXFLX and FLDAS_NOAH products correlate with the data observed in the meteorological tower. It is concluded that the energy partitions have a seasonal behavior and that the MATMNXFLX and FLDAS_NOAH products, after being calibrated, can be used to estimate LE in the Mato Grosso Pantanal.