scholarly journals Assessment of groundwater quality and water table mapping of Bhaktapur Municipality

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Razim Ganesh ◽  
Rebika Koju ◽  
Raja Ram Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Kathmandu Valley

Water is necessary for all life on earth. Every living creature on the Earth depends on water for their survival; however the supply of water on Earth is limited. Groundwater, the important source of water supply to many people around the world, is accessed through stone spouts, springs, dug wells and infiltration galleries in and around Kathmandu Valley since ancient time. The extraction of groundwater in Kathmandu Valley is increasing day by day due to increase in population, haphazard urbanization and unplanned industrialization. Drinking water quality and quantity is one of the major issues which need to be taken seriously, since clean water and sanitation are human rights and essential to life. The present study aims to prepare water table map and groundwater quality map from unconfined aquifer of Bhaktapur Municipality. Geographic Information System (GIS) based groundwater table mapping for 472 samples were used. Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method was used for 86 samples for spatial interpolation of chemical indices. Surface maps are prepared for water quality parameters (pH, turbidity, conductivity, TDS, total hardness, iron, ammonia, nitrate, chloride, alkalinity and E-coli) in the GIS Software by interpolation between the available data. Water table elevation map shows that groundwater levels are shallow at wells located close to agricultural field. From the water quality mapping of the Bhaktapur Municipality, it is seen that the most of the water quality parameters are within the maximum permissible limit set by WHO and NDWQS. It is noted that quality of ground water in the study area exceeds Nepal drinking water quality standards on the basis of measured values of chloride, ammonia and nitrate in majority of wells. High concentration of chloride, ammonia and nitrate were found in most of water samples from the central part and in around the periphery of the municipality boundary, which may be due to infiltration of agricultural runoff and leaching of sewage pollutants.

Multivariate analysis of drinking water quality parameters in Bhopal, India

2007 ◽  
Vol 140 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Parashar ◽  
Neelam Verma ◽  
Savita Dixit ◽  
Rajneesh Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Parameters

scholarly journals A Study on Groundwater Quality Based on Major Ion Chemistry of Jharkhand State in India: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 962-971
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Pramanik ◽  
Sandip Kumar Das ◽  
Abhik Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Major Ion Chemistry ◽  
Major Ion ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Groundwater is prime and major source of drinking water in our world. Groundwater in Jharkhand is also used for drinking, domestic, irrigation, mining and industrial etc. purposes. In Jharkhand some population are suffering from scarcity of pure drinking water and some population have partial facility with drinking water as groundwater of many area of Jharkhand are contaminated with fluoride, arsenic, heavy metals and iron etc. dangerous chemicals. This review paper focuses on current status of groundwater and contamination of different water quality parameters based on major ion chemistry in Jharkhand. The discussed water quality parameters in this study are water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, chloride, fluoride, arsenic, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, nitrate and sulphate.

scholarly journals Legionella: A Promising Supplementary Indicator of Microbial Drinking Water Quality in Municipal Engineered Water Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiqian Zhang ◽  
Jingrang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time

Opportunistic pathogens (OPs) are natural inhabitants and the predominant disease causative biotic agents in municipal engineered water systems (EWSs). In EWSs, OPs occur at high frequencies and concentrations, cause drinking-water-related disease outbreaks, and are a major factor threatening public health. Therefore, the prevalence of OPs in EWSs represents microbial drinking water quality. Closely or routinely monitoring the dynamics of OPs in municipal EWSs is thus critical to ensuring drinking water quality and protecting public health. Monitoring the dynamics of conventional (fecal) indicators (e.g., total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli) is the customary or even exclusive means of assessing microbial drinking water quality. However, those indicators infer only fecal contamination due to treatment (e.g., disinfection within water utilities) failure and EWS infrastructure issues (e.g., water main breaks and infiltration), whereas OPs are not contaminants in drinking water. In addition, those indicators appear in EWSs at low concentrations (often absent in well-maintained EWSs) and are uncorrelated with OPs. For instance, conventional indicators decay, while OPs regrow with increasing hydraulic residence time. As a result, conventional indicators are poor indicators of OPs (the major aspect of microbial drinking water quality) in EWSs. An additional or supplementary indicator that can well infer the prevalence of OPs in EWSs is highly needed. This systematic review argues that Legionella as a dominant OP-containing genus and natural inhabitant in EWSs is a promising candidate for such a supplementary indicator. Through comprehensively comparing the behavior (i.e., occurrence, growth and regrowth, spatiotemporal variations in concentrations, resistance to disinfectant residuals, and responses to physicochemical water quality parameters) of major OPs (e.g., Legionella especially L. pneumophila, Mycobacterium, and Pseudomonas especially P. aeruginosa), this review proves that Legionella is a promising supplementary indicator for the prevalence of OPs in EWSs while other OPs lack this indication feature. Legionella as a dominant natural inhabitant in EWSs occurs frequently, has a high concentration, and correlates with more microbial and physicochemical water quality parameters than other common OPs. Legionella and OPs in EWSs share multiple key features such as high disinfectant resistance, biofilm formation, proliferation within amoebae, and significant spatiotemporal variations in concentrations. Therefore, the presence and concentration of Legionella well indicate the presence and concentrations of OPs (especially L. pneumophila) and microbial drinking water quality in EWSs. In addition, Legionella concentration indicates the efficacies of disinfectant residuals in EWSs. Furthermore, with the development of modern Legionella quantification methods (especially quantitative polymerase chain reactions), monitoring Legionella in ESWs is becoming easier, more affordable, and less labor-intensive. Those features make Legionella a proper supplementary indicator for microbial drinking water quality (especially the prevalence of OPs) in EWSs. Water authorities may use Legionella and conventional indicators in combination to more comprehensively assess microbial drinking water quality in municipal EWSs. Future work should further explore the indication role of Legionella in EWSs and propose drinking water Legionella concentration limits that indicate serious public health effects and require enhanced treatment (e.g., booster disinfection).

scholarly journals Impact of service line replacement on lead, cadmium, and other drinking water quality parameters in Flint, Michigan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-808
Author(s):  
Nicole C. Rockey ◽  
Yun Shen ◽  
Sarah-Jane Haig ◽  
Madeleine Wax ◽  
James Yonts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Service Line ◽  
Short And Long Term

This study elucidates the short- and long-term impacts of lead service line replacement in Flint homes following a corrosion event.

Spatial Assessment and the Most Significant Parameters for Drinking Water Quality Using Chemometric Technique: A Case Study at Malaysia Water Treatment Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
H M. Zolkipli ◽  
H Juahir ◽  
G Adiana ◽  
N Zainuddin ◽  
A Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Parameter ◽  
Water Pollutant

The objectives of this study are to determine the most significant spatial variation of drinking water pollutant and to identify the most significant parameters in each group of physico- chemical parameters (PCPs), Inorganic parameters (IOPs), heavy metals and organic parameters (HMOPs) and pesticides parameters (PPs). The Discriminant Analysis (DA) and One- Way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed spatial variation on four station categories and the variance of four group parameter in water drinking quality while principle component analysis (PCA) was carried out to identify the most significant of each water quality parameters base on given group. DA and ANOVA successfully reduced the physico and inorganic pollutants concentration with significant value 98.63% and 96.90%. PCA revealed six most significant drinking water quality parameters for PCPs, nine significant parameters for IOPs, fourteen parameters on HMOPs and four significant of PPs with the p value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study proves that chemometric method is the alternative way to explain the characteristic of the drinking water quality and could reduce several parameters and sampling points in the future sampling strategy.  

scholarly journals Analysis Of Drinking Water Quality Parameters A Case Study Of Hanumangarh Town

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume-2 (Issue-5) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Shivam Vasudev ◽  
Dr. Bharat Nagar ◽  
Mr. Mukesh Choudhary ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Parameters

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality in Sidi Slimane, Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (25) ◽  
pp. 200309
Author(s):  
Nabil Darwesh ◽  
Ramzy S.M. Naser ◽  
Mohammed Al-Qawati ◽  
Shaker Raweh ◽  
Khadija El Kharrim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Background. Groundwater is an important source of drinking water for human and animal populations and therefore should be protected from pollution. The study area, Sidi Slimane, is in the western region of Morocco, which is a highly important agricultural area. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking in the Sidi Slimane region. Methods. Twenty (20) samples were collected from different locations in the study area in 2015 in order to evaluate the quality of groundwater for human consumption. Collection, transportation and analysis of samples were performed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater of the American Public Health Association (APHA), 2017. The major ions (cations and anions), ammonium (NH4+), pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the groundwater samples were analyzed. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and total hardness (TH) parameters were calculated on the basis of obtained chemical data. ArcGIS program (version 10.4.1) was used in the preparation of topographic and hydrological maps of the study area. Results. Groundwater showed high concentrations of most parameters of drinking water quality according to Moroccan and international standards. Groundwater was brackish and very hard. The results showed that sodium and chloride ions were the predominant ions. Salinity was present at low depths. The majority of groundwater samples in the study area (18 out of 20) were sodium chloride type, and only 2 samples were mixed calcium-magnesiumchlorine type. Discussion. The obtained results were compared with the Moroccan standards for drinking water. The results show that 100%, 75%, 70%, 70%, 65% and 55% of groundwater samples exceeded the permissible limits for drinking water quality according to the Moroccan standard with regard to sodium, calcium, TDS, EC, chlorine, and nitrate, respectively. Conclusions. Most of the groundwater samples in the study area showed poor drinking water quality. Groundwater quality must be protected by controlling the use of pesticides, fertilizers, manure, and harmful irrigation practices. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

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