scholarly journals Rising burden of Diabetes-Public Health Challenges & way out

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Policy Level ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Community Physician ◽  
Chronic Morbidity ◽  
Essential Medication

Secondary prevention by community physician can be provided at PHC & CHC level. Focus should always be on early detection of diseases through screening programmes and prevention of mortality. Prevention of chronic morbidity and functional impairment should be emphasized more. At policy level advocacy should be done for providing essential medication like insulin available and affordable to all who need them. At tertiary level rehabilitation, disability limitation and palliative care of person with NCDs is also needed.  

scholarly journals Influenza surveillance system and Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Castrofino ◽  
G Del Castillo ◽  
F Grosso ◽  
A Barone ◽  
M Gramegna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Population Coverage ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Public Health Challenges

Abstract The clinical presentation of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 not only includes viral pneumonia, but also milder illness overlapping with influenza-like illness (ILI), allowing a potential tracking of the infection in the framework of the national influenza surveillance system (SS). By comparing the data recorded by the influenza SS in 2019-20 season to those collected for the previous years, we want to evaluate whether the implementation of ILI SS could succeed in early detection and monitoring of Covid-19 diffusion. We analyzed the data recorded by the influenza SS and we compared the distribution of ILI incidence rate by week for 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 season in order to understand whether the SS detected any abnormality coinciding with Covid-19 outbreak. The distribution of ILI cases in the three seasons presented a similar pattern up to the 9th week; after then, a reduction in the ILI incidence rate was observed in the 2017-18 and the 2018-19 season while an increase was detected for 2019-20. During 2019-20 season, three major characteristics stand out: i) at the beginning of Covid-19 epidemic (7th-9th week) 9,17/1000 cases were reported; ii) during the recognition of the COVID-19 outbreak (9th-10th week) 6,36/1000 cases; iii) during the spread of Covid-19 (10th-11th week) an unexpected increase to 7,72/1000 cases. Additionally, their geographical distribution was concentrated in the areas known to be most affected by the epidemic. The influenza SS enabled us to detect the introduction and distribution of COVID-19. Implementation of the system should be prioritized in order to early identify new waves of Covid-19 but also any future novel respiratory pathogen. In order to empower the SS, it would be advisable to increase the population coverage about 2% which is the actual standard. Key messages The influenza surveillance system detected the first wave of Covid-19 in Lombardy Region, Italy. The influenza surveillance system should be implemented in order to bring a benefit both to the current situation and in sight of future public health challenges.

Availability and Integration of Palliative Care at US Cancer Centers (DRAFT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Pérez-Cruz ◽  
Alfredo Rodríguez-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Cancer Centers ◽  
Program Leaders ◽  
Public Health Challenges

The aim of this survey study was to characterize the availability and degree of integration of palliative care (PC) services in US cancer centers in 2010. Executives and PC program leaders from 71 National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer centers and a random sample of 71 out of 1,411 non-NCI-designated cancer centers were surveyed. Cancer center executives rated their current pain and PC services favorably and reported a significant improvement in the availability of these services between 2005 and 2010. The availability of PC programs was 98% for NCI and 78% for non-NCI cancer centers. The inpatient consultation teams, outpatient clinics, and PC units were generally larger and served more patients at NCI than at non-NCI centers. This study revealed the existing gap in PC services among US cancer centers and addressed the need to consolidate infrastructure, increase training, improve research, and advocate for public health challenges in the field.

Public health challenges in hepatitis C virus infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (5 (Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. E83-E90 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Kaldor ◽  
Gregory J Dore ◽  
Patricia Kl Correll
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Public Health Challenges

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Face Coverings in Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3666
Author(s):  
Olukayode James Ayodeji ◽  
Seshadri Ramkumar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the biggest public health challenges of the 21st century. Many prevalent measures have been taken to prevent its spread and protect the public. However, the use of face coverings as an effective preventive measure remains contentious. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of face coverings as a protective measure. We examined the effectiveness of face coverings between 1 April and 31 December 2020. This was accomplished by analyzing trends of daily new COVID-19 cases, cumulative confirmed cases, and cases per 100,000 people in different U.S. states, including the District of Columbia. The results indicated a sharp change in trends after face covering mandates. For the 32 states with face covering mandates, 63% and 66% exhibited a downward trend in confirmed cases within 21 and 28 days of implementation, respectively. We estimated that face covering mandates in the 32 states prevented approximately 78,571 and 109,703 cases within 21- and 28-day periods post face covering mandate, respectively. A statistically significant (p = 0.001) negative correlation (−0.54) was observed between the rate of cases and days since the adoption of a face covering mandate. We concluded that the use of face coverings can provide necessary protection if they are properly used.

scholarly journals Examining public knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards palliative care: a mixed method sequential study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja McIlfatrick ◽  
Paul Slater ◽  
Esther Beck ◽  
Olufikayo Bamidele ◽  
Sharon McCloskey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey

Abstract Background Palliative care is recognised as a public health issue with the need for earlier integration in the wider healthcare system. However, research indicates that it continues to be accessed late in the course of an illness, public understanding of palliative care is limited, and common misconceptions prevail. Strategies to address this are needed in order to reduce barriers to palliative care delivery and improve access. Methods An explanatory sequential mixed methods study, comprising a cross-sectional survey and interviews was undertaken. Sociodemographic characteristics, public awareness, knowledge and perceptions of palliative care were examined and strategies to raise awareness and overcome barriers within a public health framework were identified. Survey data were analysed using SPSS v25 with factor analysis and non-parametric statistics and qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results A total of 1201 participants completed the survey (58.3% female, mean age 61 years) and 25 took part in interviews. A fifth of participants (20.1%) had previously heard about palliative care and had an accurate understanding of the term. Being female, higher educated, married, and older, increased respondents’ levels of awareness. The three most commonly held misconceptions included: Palliative care is exclusively for people who are in the last 6 months of life (55.4% answered incorrectly); A goal of palliative care is to address any psychological issues brought up by serious illness (42.2% answered incorrectly); and a goal of palliative care is to improve a person’s ability to participate in daily activities (39.6% answered incorrectly). Talking about palliative and end of life care was advocated but societal taboos restricted this occurring with exposure limited to personal experience. Conclusions Current knowledge gaps and misconceptions derived from limited ad hoc personal experiences and fear of engaging in taboo conversations may deter people from accessing integrated palliative care services early in a disease trajectory. The results indicate the need for public education programmes that move beyond merely raising awareness but provide key messages within a public health approach, which may change attitudes to palliative care thus ultimately improving end of life outcomes.

scholarly journals Contradictions in the promotion of publishing academic and scientific journal articles, and the inability to cope with the new coronavirus (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostam Jalali ◽  
Amin Hosseinian-Far ◽  
Masoud Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Nih Roadmap

Abstract Background Translating research into practice is a central priority within the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Roadmap. The underlying aim of the NIH Roadmap is to accelerate the movement of scientific findings into practical health care provisions through translational research. Main text Despite the advances in health sciences, emerging infectious diseases have become more frequent in recent decades. Furthermore, emerging and reemerging pathogens have led to several global public health challenges. A question, and to an extent a concern, arises from this: Why our health care system is experiencing several challenges in encountering the coronavirus outbreak, despite the ever-growing advances in sciences, and the exponential rise in the number of published articles in the first quartile journals and even the ones among the top 1%? Conclusion Two responses could be potentially provided to the above question: First, there seems to be a significant gap between our theoretical knowledge and practice. And second that many scholars and scientists publish papers only to have a longer list of publications, and therefore publishing is viewed as a personal objective, rather than for improving communities’ public health.

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