scholarly journals Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infection: Clinico-Demographic Determinants at an Anti-Retroviral Therapy Center in Northern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Giri ◽  
Vishal Prakash Giri ◽  
Kirti Vishwakarma ◽  
Debranjan Datta
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Ciency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodefi Ciency Virus ◽  
Migrant Labourer ◽  
Therapy Center ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: In India, Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic and Human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection is epidemic in few states. The risk of developing TB in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is about 19 (27-22) times greater than those without it. TB is major cause of death in HIV-TB co-infected patients. Globally 0.4 million deaths occur annually due to HIV-TB disease.Material & Methods:The present observational study was conducted at Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital ART (Antiretroviral therapy) center during period from January to June 2017. Data of HIV-TB co-infected patients was collected from HIV-TB register and entered into Microsoft Excel sheet for analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.Results:Young persons mostly from the labouring class working in other states were most affected. Pulmonary tuberculosis (sputum smear positive) was most common co-infection. Baseline CD4 cell count at the time of presentation was observed to be low (less than 200 cells/μL) in 46.64℅ HIV-TB co-infected patients.Conclusion: Rural young people working as migrant labourer need focus of health interventions. They should be educated and screened for HIV and TB. Baseline CD4 cell count should be done in all PLHIV cases to assess their immune status.SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2017, Page: 12-17

scholarly journals Prevalence and CD4 Cell Count Pattern of TB Co-infection Among HIV Infected Individuals In Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Surya Raj Niraula ◽  
SP Barnawal ◽  
AK Agrahari ◽  
N Bista ◽  
DK Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Ciency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodefi Ciency Virus ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodefi ciency Virus (HIV) infections are two major public health problems in many parts of the world, particularly in developing counties like Nepal. The objective of the study is to find out prevalence and clinical presentation of the TB co-infection among HIV infected individuals and pattern of CD4 cell count in relation to types of TB and response of ART. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in three VCT clinics from Dharan and Kathmandu from April 2010 to March 2011. The appropriate samples, 313 HIV individuals were taken as study sample. Results: The study revealed that more than 36% of individuals were co-infected with TB. Among them, nearly 65% had pulmonary TB, more than one-forth had gland TB. There is signifi cant association of TB co-infection among male compared to females (P=0.021). Fever, weight loss and cough were found to have signifi cant symptoms associated with TB-HIV co-infection. The average CD4 count among TB co-infected population was signifi cantly less compared to uninfected ones just before starting ART (P=0.022) and even after six months (P=0.001). After one year of ART continuation, there was no signifi cant association on average CD4 count among the two groups. But then, the mean CD4 count became more in TB co-infected individuals compared to those who had no TB co-infection. Conclusion: TB-HIV co-infection is an emerging medical issue in Nepal. More than one third of HIV patients are co-infected with TB. Consideration of TB need to be made while caring patients with HIV infection and vice versa. ART plays very important role in increasing CD4 cell count among TB-HIV coinfected patients. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2013; X(1); 27-36 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i1.8674

scholarly journals Assessment of Markers of Depression and CD4 Cell Count among Adult HIV-Positive Patients on Anti-Retroviral at a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
A. Amoko ◽  
P.O. Ajiboye ◽  
F.A. Olagunju ◽  
R.O. Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objective: Depression is a common mental health problem among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA); because low count of lymphocytes with  cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4 cell count) is associated with severe symptoms of HIV infection, there are thoughts that low CD4 cells count can provoke depressive illness. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between CD4 count and depression among adult HIV positivepatients attending Family Medicine clinics at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Nigeria.Method: A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was done over a period of 6 months among 350 systematically randomly selected adult HIV-positive patients. PHQ-9 was used to obtain information on depression and the CD4 count was determined using a flow-cytometric method. Data were obtained and analyzed using SPSS-17. Chi-square was used to determine degree of association between the depression and the level of CD4 count. P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of depression among the respondents was 33.4%. The prevalence of depression was highest among respondents with low CD4 count (≤349cells/ul), 37.0%, and least among those with high CD4 count (≥500cells/ul), 28.3%. This relationship was however not statistically significant.Conclusion: The overall prevalence of depression was high among the respondents (33.4%) suggesting the need for routine depression screening among HIV positive patients. There was no statistically significant association between presence of depression and level of CD4 count (p-value=0.302). Keywords: Depression, CD4count, PLWHA, Family Medicine, UITH.

scholarly journals The THE SPECTRUM OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY AT MERPATI CLINIC, BALI, INDONESIA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
NOVIANA JOENPUTRI ◽  
KETUT SURYANA
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objective: Infections contributed to higher morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to describe the spectrum of opportunistic infections (OIs) and associated factors among PLWHA on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at Merpati Clinic, Wangaya Regional General Hospital in Denpasar, Bali. Methods: This was a retrospective study. All of PLWHA, who still receiving HAART at Merpati Clinic from January 2018 to January 2020, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included as subjects in this study. All data were collected through a review of the complete medical record of patients. Results: The prevalence of OIs in this study was 43.4%. Most PLWHA who experienced OIs were male (68.8%), age ≤40 y old with a median of age 36 y old, educational status senior high school (57.7%), married (62.1%), employed (89.7%), CD4 cell count ≥ 200 cells/µl (67.6%) and transmission route of HIV non-Intravenous (IV) drug user (99.2%). Sex, age, marital status, and CD4 cell count were significantly associated with OIs, p=0.000, p=0.005, p=0.005, and p=0.000, respectively. Conclusion: The commonest OI in this study was pulmonary tuberculosis. The presence of OIs was associated with sex, age of HIV diagnosis, marital status, and CD4 cell count. With the knowledge of OIs spectrum, clinicians are expected to be able to prevent, diagnose and treat OIs promptly to decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by OIs efficiently.

scholarly journals The correlation of tuberculosis smear results and immuno-suppression with CD4+ counts as a surrogate marker among HIV infected patients.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Kamvuma ◽  
Yusuf ademola ◽  
Warren Chanda ◽  
Christopher Newton Phiri ◽  
Sam Bezza Phiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and M.tuberculosis are two intracellular pathogens that interact at the cellular, clinical and population levels. Since the recognition of AIDS in 1981, the number of reported cases of TB in the has increased substantially, especially in regions with high incidence of AIDS. The main aim of this study was to establish weather there is a relationship between sputum smear positives and low CD4 cell counts among HIV infected patients.Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study involving 473 participants. The patients recruited in this study were those who tested HIV positive and smear positive for TB. Their HIV status was determined by performing an HIV blood test, if they were HIV positive their CD4 cell count were then made.Results: This study examined the relation between smear positivity and low CD4 (below 200cells/µl) together with CD8 and CD3 markers as a measure of immune function among patients infected with HIV. The study participants’ constituted males 67% and females 33%. The overall mean age was 33.2 (SD 6.9) with the youngest and oldest participants being 18 and 60 respectively. It was found that smear positive results negatively (r=-0.13; p=0.021) correlated with CD4+ below 200 cells/µl. No correlation was observed between smear positives and CD8+ or CD3+ since the calculated correlation coefficient was not significant 0.007 (p=0.9) and 0.03 (p=0.6) respectively. There are more 3+ smear results below 200 cells/µl than the others while above 200 cells/µl 1+ was the most commonly reported smear result. The scanty smear positives were the least commonly reported result in the low and high CD4 counts. Conclusion: The smear positive result negatively correlated with a low CD4+ (r=-0.13; p=0.021) but no correlation with low CD+8 and CD+3 results was observed. The long held theory that low bacillary counts in patients with low CD4+ counts needs to be revisited. The reduction of CD4+ cell count parallels' that of the total lymphocyte count and is more marked in patients with high bacillary counts. Further, studies are required to confirm these findings

CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF HIV IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS AT TERTIARY CENTRE

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
Anubhav Agrawal ◽  
Simmi Dube ◽  
Aditya Tejwani
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell

BACKGROUND-The study was conducted to describe systematic clinical manifestations among HIV in PLHA at tertiary care centre. METHODOLOGY- This study was designed as cross sectional study at Department of Medicine, tertiary care centre. A total of 100 HIV infected patients were included detailed enquiry about presence of skin lesions along with CD4 cell count was obtained and entered in pretested questionnaire RESULTS-The mean age of patients with HIV was 43.9±10.2 years and Slight female preponderance was observed with male: 3 female ratio of 0.89:1. Mean CD4 count was 243.2±103.2 cells/mm . Majority of patients had CD4 count in the range of less than 3 200 cells/mm (64%) Staphylococcal skin infections were the most common skin lesions observed in 34% patients. All the patients with cutaneous manifestations presented in present study had low CD4 cell count. However, no statistically signicant association between CD4 count and cutaneous manifestations could be documented (p>0.05). CONCLUSION-Cutaneous manifestations are more prevalent in patients with lower CD4 counts and can also be observed with normal CD4 count levels amongst patients with HIV. Occurrence of cutaneous manifestations was higher in patients with lower CD4 count but the observed difference was not statistically signicant.

scholarly journals Retention in Care among Patients with Early HIV Disease in Haiti

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Hennessey ◽  
Taina Dadaille Leger ◽  
Vanessa R. Rivera ◽  
Adias Marcelin ◽  
Margaret L. McNairy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Cd4 Cell

In September 2015, the World Health Organization updated their guidelines to recommend antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all people living with HIV. Countries are now in the process of implementing strategies to provide universal HIV treatment. We analyzed the rate of retention and time to ART eligibility (according to 2013 WHO guidelines) among 3,345 adult patients receiving positive HIV test results between February 1, 2003 and March 31, 2013 at the GHESKIO Clinic in Haiti, with WHO stage 1 or 2 disease and initial CD4 cell count >500 cells/mm3. Among the 3,345 patients, 2,423 (72%) were female, the median age was 33 years, 3,089 (92%) lived in Port-au-Prince, and 1,944 (58%) had attended no school or primary school only. The median initial CD4 cell count was 668 cells/mm3 (IQR: 572-834); over the subsequent 2 years, 1,485 patients (44%) were lost to follow-up and 7 (<1%) died pre-ART, 1,041 (31%) were retained in pre-ART care, and 819 (24%) initiated ART. In multivariate analysis, secondary education (aOR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.10-1.47), female gender (aOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.09-1.50), co-habitation (aOR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09-1.57), and residence in Port-au-Prince (aOR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.09-1.88) were associated with retention in care. The median time from baseline CD4 count to ART eligibility was 1.7 years. Prior to the implementation of universal treatment, pre-ART attrition was high among patients who did not qualify for ART at presentation. Though implementing WHO recommendations for universal ART will require service expansion, it will likely result in improved retention for those at risk of being lost to follow-up.

scholarly journals CD4+ cell count stratification to guide tuberculosis preventive therapy for people living with HIV

AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lelia H. Chaisson ◽  
Valeria Saraceni ◽  
Silvia Cohn ◽  
Dena Seabrook ◽  
Solange C. Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Progressive phasing out of baseline CD4 cell count testing for people living with HIV in Kinshasa, DRC

AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Mayasi Ngongo ◽  
Hippolyte Situakibanza Nani-Tuma ◽  
Marcel Mbula Mambimbi ◽  
Murielle Longokolo Mashi ◽  
Ben Bepouka Izizag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals A comparative study: long and short term effect of a nutrition sensitive approach to delay the progression of HIV to AIDS among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Abraham Mainaji Amlogu ◽  
Sundus Tewfik ◽  
Charles Wambebe ◽  
Ihab Tewfik
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Nutrition Sensitive ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

ABSTRACTBackground: Malnutrition has a negative impact on optimal immune function, thus increasing susceptibility to morbidity and mortality among HIV positive patients. Evidence indicates that the prevalence of macro and micronutrient deficiencies (particularly magnesium, selenium, zinc, and vitamin C) has a negative impact on optimal immune function, through the progressive depletion of CD4 T-lymphocyte cells, which thereby increases susceptibility to morbidity and mortality among PLWH. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a nutrition sensitive intervention to delay the progression of human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) to AIDS among people living with HIV in Abuja, Nigeria.Methods: A randomised control trial was carried out on 400 PLWH (adult, male and female of different religious background) in Abuja, Nigeria between January and December, 2012. Out of these 400 participants, 100 were randomly selected for the six months pilot study (January to June, 2012). The participants in the pilot study overlapped to form part of the scale-up participants (n 400) monitored from June to December, 2012. The comparative effect of daily consumed 354.92 kcal/d optimised meal for six and twelve months was ascertained through the nutritional status and biochemical indices of the study participants (n 100 pilot and n 400 scale-up interventions) who were/were not taking the intervention meal. The meal consisted of: Glycine max 50g; Pennisetum americanum 20g; Moringa oleifera 15g; Daucus carota spp.sativa 15g.Results: At the end of six months of the scale-up intervention, mean CD4 cell count (cell/mm3) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 6.31% and 12.12% respectively. Mean mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.72% and 2.52% within the same period (n 400). Comparatively, participants who overlapped from pilot to scale-up intervention (Long term use, n 100) were assessed for 12 months. Mean CD4 cell count (cell/mm3) for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.21% and 12.14%. Mean MUAC for Pre-ART and ART Test groups increased by 2.08% and 3.95% respectively. Moreover, Student’s t-test analysis suggests a strong association between the intervention meal,  MUAC and CD4 count on long term use of optimised meal in the group of participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although the achieved results take the form of specific technology, it suggests that a prolong consumption of the intervention meal will be suitable to sustain the gained improvements in the anthropometric and biochemical indices of PLWHIV in Nigeria. Keywords: HIV; AIDS; Nutrition-sensitive approach; CD4 cell count; Macro and Micronutrients; ART; Tailored Functional Recipe - TFR.

Association Between Immunologic and Virologic Functioning and Health-Related Quality of Life Among People Living with HIV, Tehran, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
Saeed Ghodrati ◽  
Zahra Shahabinezhad ◽  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: With recent progress in the treatment of people living with HIV (PLWH) and their increased rate of survival, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an important issue. Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association of current CD4 cell count, baseline CD4 cell count, nadir CD4 cell count, and plasma viral load with health-related quality of life in PLWH. Methods: Participants were 67 PLWH who were under the treatment of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran, Iran in 2016. Participants were divided into the two groups with high and low levels of current CD4 cell count, baseline CD4 cell count, nadir CD4 cell count and plasma viral load. We used independent sample t-test for data analysis using SPSS 22 software. Results: Our results demonstrated that for current CD4 cell count, the group differences were significant for total scores of HRQoL (P=0.028), also in the components of physical functioning (P=0.032), role limitation due to physical health problems (P=0.006), and role limitation due to emotional problems (P=0.009). Our data analysis showed that for baseline CD4 cell count (P=0.62), nadir CD4 cell count (P=0.29), and viral load group (P=0.78), the differences were not significant for HRQoL. Conclusion: Knowing the association between current CD4 count and health-related quality of life, adherence to ART might be a motivator for PLWH to enhance their health-related quality of life.

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