scholarly journals On Karol Wojtyła’s Aristotelian Method Part II Induction and Reduction as Aristotelian Induction (ἐπαγωγή) and Division (διαίρεσις)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Logical Form ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Object Model ◽  
Acting Person

This is the second of a two-part study treating Karol Wojtyła’s Aristotelian methodology. Having presented Aristotle’s method of induction (ἐπαγωγή/epagoge) and analysis (ἀνάλῠσις/analusis) or division (διαίρεσις/diairesis) in Part I, Part II discloses the logical form and force of Wojtyła’s method of induction and reduction as Aristotelian induction and division. Looking primarily to the introduction to The Acting Person, it is shown that Wojtyła utilizes the logical forms of reductio ad impossibile and reasoning on the hypothesis of the end, or effect-cause reasoning, which is special to the life sciences and the power-object model of definition as set down by Aristotle. By use of this Aristotelian methodology, Wojtyła obtains definitive knowledge of the human person that is necessary and undeniable: he discloses the εἶδος (eidos) or species of the person in the Aristotelian, Thomistic, and Phenomenological sense of the term.

scholarly journals On Karol Wojtyła’s Aristotelian Method in The Acting Person: Induction and Reduction as Aristotelian Induction (ἐπαγωγή) and Division (διαίρεσις) (Part I)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Logical Form ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Object Model ◽  
Acting Person

This is the first of a two-part study treating Karol Wojtyła’s Aristotelian methodology. The study shows that Wojtyła’s inductive and reductive methodology is identical with the Aristotelian method of proceeding from what is better-known to us in experience (ἐμπειρία/empeiria) to what is better-known to nature by way of induction (ἐπαγωγή/epagoge) and analysis (ἀνάλῠσις/analusis) or division (διαίρεσις/diairesis). By a rigorous presentation of this Aristotelian methodology here in Part I, the logical form and force of Wojtyła’s method is properly disclosed and appreciated in Part II. Wojtyła’s method utilizes the logical forms of reductio ad impossibile and reasoning on the hypothesis of the end, or effect-cause reasoning, which is special to the life sciences and the power-object model of definition. By this methodology, Wojtyła obtains definitive knowledge of the human person that is necessary and undeniable: he discloses the εἶδος (eidos) or species of the person in the Aristotelian, Thomistic, and Phenomenological sense of the term.

Schumpeter and economic man

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Edward John O’Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Man ◽  
Efficient Cause ◽  
Personalist Economics ◽  
Economic Agency ◽  
Acting Person

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the writings of Joseph Schumpeter on economic man to demonstrate that Schumpeter is a precursor of personalist economics. Design/methodology/approach This paper addresses two intertwined questions. What evidence supports the claim that Schumpeter rejected homo economicus? What evidence indicates that Schumpeter actually embraced the human person – the acting person – as a replacement for homo economicus? The evidence is presented in four sections: Schumpeter’s rejection of homo economicus; Schumpeter on economic agency; Schumpeter, a precursor of personalist economics; and final remarks. Findings As to the first question, there is no doubt that Schumpeter rejected homo economicus. Regarding the second, the evidence does not indicate that Schumpeter proposed replacing homo economicus with what today we refer to as the acting person. This paper concludes that by insisting on the critical role of the active, spontaneous, and eager-to-initiate change entrepreneur in economic affairs and our understanding of those affairs Schumpeter was a precursor of personalist economics. Originality/value To a large extent Schumpeter’s insights regarding economic agency and William Waters role in interpreting those insights have been buried in the economics literature. It was Waters in 1952 who stated that Schumpeter identified the inadequacy of economic man as the efficient cause of economic activity and re-established the human person as the true efficient cause, principally in terms of entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Subjectivity vs. Agency: The Meaning of Karol Wojtyla’s The Acting Person

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Wielecki
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
Human Person ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
Acting Person

Karol Wojtyła’s Osoba i czyn (in English translation known as The Acting Person) is certainly an extraordinary book having considerable significance for contemporary human philosophy. And because the philosophical or quasi-philosophical concept of the human person, consciously or not, explicitly or implicitly, is always at the root of any sociological, psychological, pedagogical or even economic theory, the importance of this work is even greater. It involves both the humanities and social sciences. The purpose of this article is to point out the benefits of this groundbreaking book. In particular, it allows us to rethink the paradigmatic foundations of these sciences. At the same time, it attempts to show how necessary is a critical revision of their own paradigmatic basis. I would also like to consider the essence of the human concept, especially from the perspective of critical realism. Especially, I deal with the issue of subjectivity and justification for the choice of this concept as the key to understanding individual agency. I am convinced that agency is only one dimension of subjectivity and does not allow us to understand the whole problem of autonomy, human freedom, and the meaning of humanity. Wojtyła’s The Acting Person seems to provide extremely important arguments in favor of my thesis. It also helps, I think, to understand the essence of individual subjectivity, issues of fundamental importance in our time, peculiarly, in the broadly understood human sciences.

scholarly journals Regionalism in the Light of the Personalistic Category of Participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-147
Author(s):  
Jerzy Gocko
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regional Community ◽  
The Church ◽  
Acting Person

Regionalism is not only a sociological phenomenon, but also an important culture-forming process influencing the development of the human person. The social thought of the Church refers to it straightforwardly as an anthropological phenomenon and interprets it as an axiological category. Referring to these assumptions, the article analyzes regionalism through the prism of the personalistic category of participation described by Karol Wojtyła in the book The Acting Person, the structure of which is based on two principles: solidarity and objection. These principles can serve as a criterion for assessing individual forms of regionalism in terms of answering the question of to what extent they recognize and acknowledge the subjectivity of each member of the regional community, and to what extent they refer to the key values of regional solidarity and the region’s common good.

scholarly journals The Foundations of the Human Person’s Dynamism in Karol Wojtyła’s Anthropology. A Study in Light of “The Acting Person”

Verbum Vitae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Duma
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Personal Action ◽  
Basic Intuition ◽  
Acting Person

In traditional anthropology, the problem of the dynamism of the human being was explained by means of human faculties that were seen as distinct from one another on the basis of the activities of man. Having accepted that the traditional approach is well-known and thoroughly elaborated, Karol Wojtyła proposed a complementary approach,  enhancing the classical explanation of human dynamism by following the basic intuition of the person who reveals himself in action. In this article, through several steps, the author presents the framework of the basic thesis of Karol Wojtyła's anthropology, which claims that the action performed by man includes the truth about not only his personal dynamism, but also the very subject of that dynamism itself, that is, the human person. The author shows Wojtyła's stance beginning with the distinction of personal action made against the background of other forms of human dynamism. Then, he describes Wojtyła’s methods of explanation in reference to the Aristotelian theory of act and potency. Continuing, he analyzes the problem of causativeness of action, which will turn out to be crucial for understanding man as a person. Finally, he sketches Wojtyla's conception of the fulfillment of man through his action.

Artefact in 20Å-Resolution Electron Images of Negatively Stained Twodimensional Membrane Protein Crystals

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Dorset ◽  
Barbara Moss
Keyword(s):  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Transmission Function ◽  
Group Symmetry ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Object Model ◽  
Phase Object ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Plane Group

A number of computing systems devoted to the averaging of electron images of two-dimensional macromolecular crystalline arrays have facilitated the visualization of negatively-stained biological structures. Either by simulation of optical filtering techniques or, in more refined treatments, by cross-correlation averaging, an idealized representation of the repeating asymmetric structure unit is constructed, eliminating image distortions due to radiation damage, stain irregularities and, in the latter approach, imperfections and distortions in the unit cell repeat. In these analyses it is generally assumed that the electron scattering from the thin negativelystained object is well-approximated by a phase object model. Even when absorption effects are considered (i.e. “amplitude contrast“), the expansion of the transmission function, q(x,y)=exp (iσɸ (x,y)), does not exceed the first (kinematical) term. Furthermore, in reconstruction of electron images, kinematical phases are applied to diffraction amplitudes and obey the constraints of the plane group symmetry.

Methods of MolecularAnalysis in the Life Sciences

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hofmann ◽  
Anne Simon ◽  
Tanja Grkovic ◽  
Malcolm Jones
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences
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