On planning, planning theories, and practices: A critical reflection

The futility of defining planning suggests that there is no planning as a recognizable practice. Sociology of knowledge definitions imply three kinds of planning practices: (1) Generic “planning”—what people do when they are planning; (2) Knowledge-centered “something” (e.g., spatial) planning; and (3) Real planning practiced in specific contexts, from metro-regional planning for Jakarta to transportation planning for the Trans-Europe Network, and enacted in general contexts, for example, informal- or Southern planning. Planning theories are linked to different practices: generic “planning” theories and “something” (e.g., regional, community, environmental, or Southern) planning theories. Selected topics illustrate the “planning” theory discourse and spatial planning theories are briefly reviewed. Three generations of planning practice studies are reviewed: the first, a-theoretical; the second, the “practice movement,” who studied practice for their own theorizing; and the third, informed by practice theories. Five books about planning show how their planning theorist authors understand planning practice. While recognizing planning as diverse practices, they hardly apply “planning” theory to planning practices. “Planning” theories are divorced from enacted planning practices, “something” (e.g., spatial) planning theories include constructive adaptations of “planning” theories and paradigms, but knowledge about real planning practices is limited. Implications from these conclusions are drawn for planning theory, education, and practices.

Progress of cooperation for sustainable development of the greater Mekong subregion and Vietnam's contribution

The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) includes the territories of the following countries: China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, established in 1992 because of the common flow of the Mekong River. With the goal of sustainable development, the operation of GMS has made many positive contributions to the general development of the region as well as the socio-economic development of the member countries. The article presents the process of Vietnam joining the GMS since 1992 and being a founding member of this organization with its advantages and limitations. It is a country located in the lower Mekong River, very vulnerable and vulnerable if the GMS cooperation process takes place without sustainability. As a country with a position in the region, a responsible member to the international and regional community, Vietnam participates in the GMS process with the desire to build the GMS into a region of peace and stability and develop. Therefore, overcoming barriers and difficulties, Vietnam has actively enhanced multilateral and bilateral cooperation and has made many positive contributions to GMS cooperation programs and projects. Vietnam's contribution shows the spirit of positive and proactive international integration.

REGIONAL PARTY SYSTEM OF NORTHERN IRELAND: EROSION OF BIPOLARITY

The subject of the article is the dynamics of the regional party system in Northern Ireland in 2000-2010s, as well as the factors contributing to the observed changes. The research is based on the theoretical framework of J. Lane and S. Ersson and is chronologically outlined by the period of 1998-2021. Cross-temporal comparative analysis was used as a key research method. The parameters of the comparative analysis include the following variables: number of parties, effective number of parties, number of significant parties, fragmentation of the party system, ideological polarization and electoral instability. The first part of the article is devoted to the characteristics of the theoretical and methodological research design. The second part is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the regional party system in Northern Ireland, which is based on the study of structural and ideological elements. In the final part, the results and key findings of the study are presented, including the characteristics of the key factors in the dynamics of the regional party system. The results of the study demonstrate the dynamics of the regional party system in Northern Ireland regarding two parameters - electoral stability and ideological polarization. The degree of electoral stability of the regional party is slightly decreasing due to the redistribution of electoral preferences from unionist parties to alternative ones. The change in the parameter of ideological polarization of the regional party system is observed in two directions - the erosion of bipolarity, as well as the centripetal tendencies of ideologically extreme party actors. The key factors in the dynamics of the regional party system in Northern Ireland at the present stage are the following: instability of the regional political system based on ethno-confessional criteria; the issue of European Union membership and the future status of Northern Ireland; changes in the demographic structure of the regional community.

Interlinked; A New Approach to Urban Expansion in Papamoa

<p>New Zealand cities are prone to poor urban planning and have a strong tendency to expand out into widespread suburbs, consuming the fertile farmland and natural landscapes that reside at the fringes of urban development. These types of greenfield development are rampant throughout New Zealand. Posed as the solution to housing issues and a growing population, these developments nullify and alienate the surrounding context. Low-density urban planning is particularly damaging with its maze of curving cul-de-sacs and dead-end streets resulting in an overly complex network with little to no central framework or hierarchy. This lack of internal infrastructure puts a significant strain on static infrastructure such as roads and public transport, which struggle to meet the needs of the end user. The aim of this research is to develop an alternative strategy for urban growth in Papamoa. Located in the Bay of Plenty, Papamoa is a regional community within the Tauranga city limits, currently experiencing unprecedented growth. Current projections show development in Papamoa will exhaust current land reserves by as early as 2028, requiring the development of additional land to the south in order to sustain demand. This research aims to respond to this issue by increasing density within the existing sprawl, specifically focusing on the site of Papamoa Plaza, the original retail centre of the area. By reducing the need for greenfield development and enabling better connectivity across the region, a shift in focus of the use of public space can revitalise the existing urban centre to the benefits of connectivity within urban design. Case studies and literature were reviewed in order to assess their viability within the New Zealand context and to identify key design elements that would be used. Criteria and guiding principles were developed using Assemblage Theory and Space Syntax. Existing developmental framework and growth trends were analysed during the research, then initial design goals and strategies were identified. Using this information, several schemes and approaches were developed. These were evaluated using ‘Space Syntax’ to establish levels and patterns of connectivity. A selection process of the most viable schemes was explored in detail. These were then broken into key components that were progressively developed to generate a range of different options, which were then reflected upon, assessed and, from this, the final scheme emerged.</p>

Interlinked; A New Approach to Urban Expansion in Papamoa

<p>New Zealand cities are prone to poor urban planning and have a strong tendency to expand out into widespread suburbs, consuming the fertile farmland and natural landscapes that reside at the fringes of urban development. These types of greenfield development are rampant throughout New Zealand. Posed as the solution to housing issues and a growing population, these developments nullify and alienate the surrounding context. Low-density urban planning is particularly damaging with its maze of curving cul-de-sacs and dead-end streets resulting in an overly complex network with little to no central framework or hierarchy. This lack of internal infrastructure puts a significant strain on static infrastructure such as roads and public transport, which struggle to meet the needs of the end user. The aim of this research is to develop an alternative strategy for urban growth in Papamoa. Located in the Bay of Plenty, Papamoa is a regional community within the Tauranga city limits, currently experiencing unprecedented growth. Current projections show development in Papamoa will exhaust current land reserves by as early as 2028, requiring the development of additional land to the south in order to sustain demand. This research aims to respond to this issue by increasing density within the existing sprawl, specifically focusing on the site of Papamoa Plaza, the original retail centre of the area. By reducing the need for greenfield development and enabling better connectivity across the region, a shift in focus of the use of public space can revitalise the existing urban centre to the benefits of connectivity within urban design. Case studies and literature were reviewed in order to assess their viability within the New Zealand context and to identify key design elements that would be used. Criteria and guiding principles were developed using Assemblage Theory and Space Syntax. Existing developmental framework and growth trends were analysed during the research, then initial design goals and strategies were identified. Using this information, several schemes and approaches were developed. These were evaluated using ‘Space Syntax’ to establish levels and patterns of connectivity. A selection process of the most viable schemes was explored in detail. These were then broken into key components that were progressively developed to generate a range of different options, which were then reflected upon, assessed and, from this, the final scheme emerged.</p>

Listening to Clinical Teams: Developing Strategies to Support Sustained STAR-VA Implementation

Feedback obtained from program evaluations and interviews with CLC team members who participated in STAR-VA helped to inform the development of sustained implementation strategies guided by the CFIR-ERIC Mapping Tool. A CLC readiness assessment was developed to guide selection of new champions and assess for local team readiness to implement STAR-VA. Virtual training materials were developed along with a champion training checklist to prepare additional champions and support team training. We identified key implementation steps and optional strategies to support sustained implementation, developed a sustained implementation guide, associated sustained implementation checklist, and sustainability toolkit. We are piloting a regional community of practice model, encouraging development of and building on relationship networks to promote use of program tools, collaborative problem-solving, feedback, and a shared vision for implementation. We will discuss the importance of tailored strategies for integrating new practices into usual care.

INTEGRASI REGIONAL: ARUS INVESTASI DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENERIMAAN PAJAK

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) has been established for several decades. The AEC is inspired by other regional communities. The situation strengthens each country’ economic and investment. Based on ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2020, in 2019 the capital inflow to ASEAN amounted USD 158 Billion. The objective of this study is to investigate the cause and effect of these global phenomenon to ASEAN countries especially Indonesia. Also, this paper will elaborate FDI effect from the tax revenue point of view. This paper uses a qualitative method in order to obtain a deep understanding. We found several findings. First, there is a relation between the establishment of regional community and foreign direct investment (FDI). Second, FDI is beneficial to enhance the tax administration system especially country’s tax revenue.

Regionalism in the Light of the Personalistic Category of Participation

Regionalism is not only a sociological phenomenon, but also an important culture-forming process influencing the development of the human person. The social thought of the Church refers to it straightforwardly as an anthropological phenomenon and interprets it as an axiological category. Referring to these assumptions, the article analyzes regionalism through the prism of the personalistic category of participation described by Karol Wojtyła in the book The Acting Person, the structure of which is based on two principles: solidarity and objection. These principles can serve as a criterion for assessing individual forms of regionalism in terms of answering the question of to what extent they recognize and acknowledge the subjectivity of each member of the regional community, and to what extent they refer to the key values of regional solidarity and the region’s common good.

Trust in a Pandemic: Save Cannot Be Changed. What Does the Region Feel?

Trust as a system-forming factor of social relations during crisis situations is tested for strength. This was most pronounced when studying the state of trust in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, which has engulfed almost the entire planet. The article examines the situation with trust, using the example of a regional community. The source of empirical data was the results of several surveys of the population of the Vologda Oblast conducted by researchers of the VolRC RAS for the period from2016 to 2020. in the course of the implementation of scientific projects on grants from the RFBR The data obtained on the basis of comparable methods in the period before the pandemic and at the end of its second wave are analyzed. The purpose of the article is to carry out a comparative analysis of the available statistical data and to identify the changes that have occurred in the level and structure of trust in the region’s population. The paper concludes that in the context of a pandemic, the existing level of generalized trust, the existing structure and its radius have generally remained. At the same time, certain changes were revealed in the sphere of abstract trust or, to use the terminology of E. Giddens, trust in “anonymous others”. The changes concerned primarily the priorities in choosing the addressees of trust. The observed changes reflected the pain points of society during the crisis. Trust in doctors and teachers, expert scientists has fallen. The sharp decline in the level of trust in them can be seen as a kind of expression of protest against the difficult situation in education and health care, which has developed as a result of the pandemic and self-isolation. Trust in government institutions remains stable, which to a certain extent symbolize the stability of social structures and take responsibility in the current situation.