Effects of Dietary Sulfur Source on Rumen pH and Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Concentration

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Brasche ◽  
Mary Drewnoski ◽  
Stephanie L. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Rumen Ph

Effects of dietary sulfur source on rumen pH and hydrogen sulfide gas concentration

2014 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Drewnoski ◽  
C.J. Brasche ◽  
S.L. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Rumen Ph

scholarly journals Influence of Intermittence and Pressure Differentials in Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration in a Gravity Sewer

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Ventura Matos ◽  
Filipa Ferreira ◽  
José Saldanha Matos
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Normal System ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Gravity Sewer ◽  
Operation Pressure

The work presented herein was carried out to assess the effect of intermittent pumping events in sewer headspace pressure differentials, as well as their relationship with hydrogen sulfide gas concentration. A full scale gravity sewer in Portugal, located downstream of several pumping stations, was used as the guiding case study. Under normal system operation, pressure difference between the outside atmosphere and the sewer headspace seemed to influence the in and out-gassing of gas pollutants emitted through the venting stack. Wastewater pumping cycles generated maximum pressure differentials of roughly 100 Pa, which in turn originated maximum air velocities of 1.76 m s−1 exiting the venting stack. Each pumping event was followed by a pressure drop of about 50 Pa, quickly attaining null concentrations of H2S at the venting stack. A statistically significant relationship between pressure differentials and air exit velocity was observed, which allowed obtaining an empirical equation for expedite prediction of airflows emitted to the outside atmosphere (R2 = 0.77). Conversely, the same effect was not observed along the length of the sewer pipe, unlike the findings of other studies. The effect of a full flowing pipe at the downstream end of the gravity trunk sewer was also noticeable in downstream sewer pressurization and gas build-up. It was concluded that the magnitude of the gas pollutant emissions may heavily depend on the impacts of hydraulic flows and pumping characteristics in headspace pressure differences, denoting the need for better approaches when designing and installing venting stacks.

scholarly journals Atmospheric H2S exposure does not affect stomatal aperture in maize

Planta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ties Ausma ◽  
Jeffrey Mulder ◽  
Thomas R. Polman ◽  
Casper J. van der Kooi ◽  
Luit J. De Kok
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Stomatal Aperture ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Lower Biomass

Abstract Main conclusion Stomatal aperture in maize is not affected by exposure to a subtoxic concentration of atmospheric H2S. At least in maize, H2S, thus, is not a gaseous signal molecule that controls stomatal aperture. Abstract Sulfur is an indispensable element for the physiological functioning of plants with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) potentially acting as gasotransmitter in the regulation of stomatal aperture. It is often assumed that H2S is metabolized into cysteine to stimulate stomatal closure. To study the significance of H2S for the regulation of stomatal closure, maize was exposed to a subtoxic atmospheric H2S level in the presence or absence of a sulfate supply to the root. Similar to other plants, maize could use H2S as a sulfur source for growth. Whereas sulfate-deprived plants had a lower biomass than sulfate-sufficient plants, exposure to H2S alleviated this growth reduction. Shoot sulfate, glutathione, and cysteine levels were significantly higher in H2S-fumigated plants compared to non-fumigated plants. Nevertheless, this was not associated with changes in the leaf area, stomatal density, stomatal resistance, and transpiration rate of plants, meaning that H2S exposure did not affect the transpiration rate per stoma. Hence, it did not affect stomatal aperture, indicating that, at least in maize, H2S is not a gaseous signal molecule controlling this aperture.

scholarly journals A novel deep-sea bacterial threonine dehydratase drives cysteine desulfuration and hydrogen sulfide production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ma ◽  
Yufan Sun ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Chaomin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Threonine Dehydratase ◽  
Sulfide Production ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide Production

ABSTRACTCysteine desulfuration is one of the main ways for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generation in cells and is usually conducted by cystathionine γ-lyase. Herein, we describe a newly discovered deep-sea bacterial threonine dehydratase (psTD), which is surprisingly discovered to drive L-cysteine desulfuration. The mechanisms of psTD catalyzing cysteine desulfuration towards H2S production are first clarified in vitro and in vivo through a combination of genetic and biochemical methods. Furthermore, based on the solved structures of psTD and its various mutants, two or three pockets are found in the active site of psTD, and switch states between inward and outward orientation of a key amino acid R77 determine the open or close status of Pocket III for small molecule exchanges, which further facilitates cysteine desulfuration. Our results reveal the functional diversity and structural specificity of psTD towards L-cysteine desulfuration and H2S formation. Given the broad distribution of psTD homologs in different bacteria, we speculate that some threonine dehydratases have evolved a novel function towards cysteine desulfuration, which benefits the producer to utilize cysteine as a sulfur source for better adapting external environments.

Hydrogen Sulfide Absorption Phenomena in Brine/Oil Mixtures

SPE Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 931-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Zea ◽  
David Cooper ◽  
Ranganathan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Reservoir Simulation ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Oil Mixtures ◽  
A Minor

Summary Brine and oil absorb hydrogen sulfide (H2S) under pressure in the underground oil reservoir and then undergo a decompression during the extraction process, during which a certain amount of H2S is released from the liquid phase. This paper reports experimental data on how much of the corrosive gas is absorbed into different brine/oil mixtures [0, 33, 66, and 100% water cuts (WCs)]. Different reservoir-simulation scenarios were created at 20 and 70 atm at room temperature. H2S gas concentration was varied as tests were conducted with 50, 100, and 300 ppm in nitrogen. These experiments took place in an autoclave system that simulates the hydrostatic process that occurs inside a reservoir. This paper also reports Henry's law constants for H2S in different WCs. It is found that for all WCs, total pressure plays only a minor role in the absorption phenomena when the initial H2S concentration is increased. In addition, the highest mass-absorption ratios are found at lower H2S concentrations.

Optical fiber evanescent-wave sensing technology of hydrogen sulfide gas concentration in oil and gas fields

Optik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 1094-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Jun Ke ◽  
Dong-Lin Tang ◽  
Xin Lai ◽  
Zhi-Yong Dai ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Evanescent Wave ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Gas Fields

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide sulfhydrates IKKβ at cysteine 179 to control pulmonary artery endothelial cell inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (20) ◽  
pp. 2045-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Zhang ◽  
Xiuli Wang ◽  
Siyao Chen ◽  
Selena Chen ◽  
Wen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cell

Abstract Background: Pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) inflammation is a critical event in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the pathogenesis of PAEC inflammation remains unclear. Methods: Purified recombinant human inhibitor of κB kinase subunit β (IKKβ) protein, human PAECs and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats were employed in the study. Site-directed mutagenesis, gene knockdown or overexpression were conducted to manipulate the expression or activity of a target protein. Results: We showed that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) inhibited IKKβ activation in the cell model of human PAEC inflammation induced by monocrotaline pyrrole-stimulation or knockdown of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), an H2S generating enzyme. Mechanistically, H2S was proved to inhibit IKKβ activity directly via sulfhydrating IKKβ at cysteinyl residue 179 (C179) in purified recombinant IKKβ protein in vitro, whereas thiol reductant dithiothreitol (DTT) reversed H2S-induced IKKβ inactivation. Furthermore, to demonstrate the significance of IKKβ sulfhydration by H2S in the development of PAEC inflammation, we mutated C179 to serine (C179S) in IKKβ. In purified IKKβ protein, C179S mutation of IKKβ abolished H2S-induced IKKβ sulfhydration and the subsequent IKKβ inactivation. In human PAECs, C179S mutation of IKKβ blocked H2S-inhibited IKKβ activation and PAEC inflammatory response. In pulmonary hypertensive rats, C179S mutation of IKKβ abolished the inhibitory effect of H2S on IKKβ activation and pulmonary vascular inflammation and remodeling. Conclusion: Collectively, our in vivo and in vitro findings demonstrated, for the first time, that endogenous H2S directly inactivated IKKβ via sulfhydrating IKKβ at Cys179 to inhibit nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway activation and thereby control PAEC inflammation in PAH.

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