Effect of Excess Metabolizable Protein Supplementation from Corn Gluten Meal or Soybean Meal on Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations of Beef Cows Consuming Low Quality Forage

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Grussing ◽  
Allison Meyer ◽  
Patrick J. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Protein ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

RATE OF PROTEIN DEGRADATION AND NUTRIENT DIGESTION OF VARIOUS NITROGEN SOURCES IN CONTINUOUS CULTURE OF RUMEN CONTENTS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. GARRETT ◽  
R. D. GOODRICH ◽  
M. D. STERN ◽  
J. C. MEISKE
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Linseed Meal ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid

A dual flow continuous culture fermentor system was used to estimate ruminal rate of protein degradation and influence of supplemental nitrogen (N) source on digestion of total dietary crude protein (CP), dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM). Four experimental diets contained predominantly corn and were isocaloric (14.7 M J DE kg−1) and isonitrogenous (12% CP on a DM basis) with urea, soybean meal (SBM), linseed meal (LSM) or corn gluten meal (CGM) as sole supplemental N sources. Fermentor flow rates were adjusted daily to attain liquid and solid dilution rates of 10 and 5% h−1, respectively. Total dietary N digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) in fermentors receiving urea than in those receiving CGM, while fermentors receiving SBM or LSM were intermediate (72.9, 54.9, 64.0 and 63.2%, respectively). Bacterial CP flow was higher (P < 0.05) from fermentors receiving urea or SBM than from those receiving CGM, with fermentors receiving LSM intermediate (1.31, 1.29, 1.02 and 1.14 g d−1, respectively). True OM digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) for diets supplemented with urea or LSM than for those supplemented with CGM (65.1, 60.4 and 51.2%, respectively). The rate of protein degradation was greater (P < 0.05) for LSM-CP than CGM-CP with SBM-CP intermediate (15.73, 6.88 and 10.13% h−1, respectively). Calculated bypass of potentially digestible protein for SBM-CP, LSM-CP and CGM-CP was 15.9, 10.9 and 29.1%, respectively. Total amino acid flow (g d−1) was higher (P < 0.05) for fermentors receiving SBM than for those receiving LSM. Total bacterial amino acid flow (g d−1) was higher (P < 0.05) for fermentors receiving SBM than for fermentors receiving CGM. Differences among diets for dietary amino acid flow (g d−1) were not significant. Key words: Ruminal protein degradation, soybean meal, linseed meal, corn gluten meal, continuous culture system

Modifying duodenal flow of amino acids by manipulation of dietary protein sources

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Corn Gluten

Four multiparous Holstein dairy cows in mid-lactation were utilized in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to measure the response in intestinal amino acid profiles to progressive substitution of blood meal for corn gluten meal as the protein supplement. In addition, the influence of these protein sources on rumen fermentation and digestion as well as forestomach bacterial growth and escape were compared with a diet supplemented with soybean meal, a rapidly rumen-degraded protein source. Cows were offered a mixed silage ration of alfalfa silage (79.8% of DM) and corn silage (20.2% of DM) twice daily. Cows were also offered mixed concentrate at 123% (DM:DM) of the mixed silage ration in six equal meals per day to provide soybean meal, corn gluten meal, blood meal or a combination of the latter two sources as the primary supplemental protein source. Rumen soluble non-ammonia N concentrations were higher in cows fed soybean meal and declined linearly as blood meal substituted for corn gluten meal in the concentrate. Forestomach disappearance of N tended (P = 0.09) to be higher for the cows fed soybean meal vs. all other diets, and tended (P = 0.09) to be higher with the combined corn gluten meal and blood meal diet vs. the diets containing either alone. The latter is consistent with higher forestomach digestion of DM and OM in cows fed the combined diet. Rumen pool sizes of most DM components were lower when cows were fed soybean meal and, with the exception of N pools, increased linearly as blood meal substituted for corn gluten meal. Duodenal flow of amino acid protein was lower when cows were fed soybean meal, due mainly to reduced bacterial flow, and was lowest for the combined diet within the corn gluten meal and blood meal diets. The amino acid profile of duodenal protein differed for 12 of 17 amino acids examined when cows were fed the soybean meal diet vs. the other diets, and 12 of 17 amino acids either increased or decreased linearly as blood meal substituted for corn gluten meal. Data reported here and by previous researchers suggest an associative effect of addition of corn gluten meal and blood meal to the diet which increased rumen degradation of dietary protein. These data also show that manipulating the dietary source of supplemental protein can influence the amino acid profile of duodenally delivered amino acid protein as well as indicate that the rate of rumen degradation of individual amino acids differs among protein sources. In this study, methionine, cystine and histidine appeared to be more rapidly degraded in corn gluten meal than in blood meal, whereas glutamic acid, proline, isoleucine, threonine and lysine were more rapidly degraded in blood meal. Key words: Dairy cow, rumen bacteria, amino acid

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