The effect of heel height on frontal plane joint moments, impact accelertion, and shock attenuation during walking

The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of net joint moments in the lower extremities during walking on high-heeled shoes compared with barefooted walking at identical speed. Fourteen female subjects walked at 4 km/h across three force platforms while they were filmed by five digital video cameras operating at 50 frames/second. Both barefooted walking and walking on high-heeled shoes (heel height: 9 cm) were recorded. Net joint moments were calculated by 3D inverse dynamics. EMG was recorded from eight leg muscles. The knee extensor moment peak in the first half of the stance phase was doubled when walking on high heels. The knee joint angle showed that high-heeled walking caused the subjects to flex the knee joint significantly more in the first half of the stance phase. In the frontal plane a significant increase was observed in the knee joint abductor moment and the hip joint abductor moment. Several EMG parameters increased significantly when walking on high-heels. The results indicate a large increase in bone-on-bone forces in the knee joint directly caused by the increased knee joint extensor moment during high-heeled walking, which may explain the observed higher incidence of osteoarthritis in the knee joint in women as compared with men.

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Sagittal And Frontal Plane Joint Moments Of The Sumo Deadlift During Shod And Barefoot Conditions

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000682484.17000.4f ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (7S) ◽

pp. 672-672

Author(s):

Kevin A. Valenzuela ◽

Kellie Walters ◽

Alexis Camacho ◽

Fany Alvarado ◽

Elizabeth Avila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frontal Plane ◽

Joint Moments ◽

Plane Joint

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Body weight unloading modifications on frontal plane joint moments, impulses and Center of Pressure during overground gait

Clinical Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.09.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 77-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Arielle G. Fischer ◽

Alon Wolf

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Joint Moments ◽

Plane Joint

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The Influence of Heel Height on Frontal Plane Ankle Biomechanics: Implications for Lateral Ankle Sprains

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.3113/fai.2012.0064 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 64-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Alicia Foster ◽

Mark G. Blanchette ◽

Yi-Chen Chou ◽

Christopher M. Powers

Keyword(s):

Ankle Sprain ◽

Stance Phase ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Emg Activity ◽

Lateral Ankle Sprain ◽

Lateral Ankle ◽

High Heel ◽

Ankle Inversion ◽

Heel Height ◽

High Heels

Background: Wearing high heel shoes is thought to increase an individual's likelihood of experiencing a lateral ankle sprain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of heel height on frontal plane kinematics, kinetics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the ankle joint during walking. Methods: Eighteen healthy women participated. Three-dimensional kinematics, ground reaction forces, and EMG signals of the tibialis anterior (TA) and peroneus longus (PL) were recorded as subjects ambulated in high (9.5 cm) and low (1.3 cm) heel shoes at a self-selected walking velocity. Peak ankle plantarflexion, peak ankle inversion angle, and the peak ankle inversion moment during the stance phase of gait were evaluated. The EMG variables of interest consisted of the normalized average signal amplitude of the TA and PL during the first 50% of the stance phase. Paired t-tests were used to assess differences between the two shoe conditions. Results: When compared to the low heel condition, wearing high heels resulted in significantly greater peak ankle plantarflexion and inversion angles ( p < 0.001). In addition, the peak inversion moment and PL muscle activation was found to be significantly higher in the high heel condition ( p < 0.001). No difference in TA muscle activity was found between shoe conditions ( p = 0.30). Conclusion: The plantarflexed and inverted posture when wearing high heels may increase an individual's risk for experiencing a lateral ankle sprain. Clinical Relevance: Data obtained from this investigation highlights the need for increased awareness and proper education related to the wearing of high heel shoes.

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Sagittal and frontal plane joint mechanics throughout the stance phase of walking in adolescents who are obese

Gait & Posture ◽

10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.05.008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 263-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

A.G. McMillan ◽

A.M.E. Pulver ◽

D.N. Collier ◽

D.S.B. Williams

Keyword(s):

Stance Phase ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Joint Mechanics ◽

Plane Joint

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Patellar Tendinopathy Alters the Distribution of Lower Extremity Net Joint Moments during Hopping

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.26.3.249 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 249-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Richard B. Souza ◽

Shruti Arya ◽

Christine D. Pollard ◽

George Salem ◽

Kornelia Kulig

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Patellar Tendinopathy ◽

Current Investigation ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Joint Moments ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Plane Joint

The purpose of the current investigation was to test the hypothesis that subjects with patellar tendinopathy would demonstrate altered sagittal plane joint moment contributions during hopping tasks. Fourteen subjects (7 patellar tendinopathy, 7 controls) participated. Sagittal net joint moments of the lower extremity, total support moment, and joint contributions to the total support moment were calculated while subjects hopped continuously at a self-selected frequency and at 1.67 Hz. Significant differences were observed for contributions to the total support moment (p= .022). When averaged across hopping frequencies, subjects with patellar tendinopathy demonstrated greater hip contribution (p= .030) and lesser knee contribution (p= .006) compared with the control subjects. Shifting the workload away from the knee and toward the hip may result in a detrimental increase in hip demand and potentially harmful long-term effects on the articular cartilage of the hip.

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Interpretation of Ankle Joint Moments during the Stance Phase of Walking: A Comparison of Two Orthogonal Axes Systems

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.17.2.173 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 173-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Adrienne E. Hunt ◽

Richard M. Smith

Keyword(s):

Coordinate System ◽

Ankle Joint ◽

Stance Phase ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Transverse Plane ◽

The Body ◽

Global Coordinate System ◽

Coordinate Systems ◽

Joint Moments

Three-dimensional ankle joint moments were calculated in two separate coordinate systems, from 18 healthy men during the stance phase of walking, and were then compared. The objective was to determine the extent of differences in the calculated moments between these two commonly used systems and their impact on interpretation. Video motion data were obtained using skin surface markers, and ground reaction force data were recorded from a force platform. Moments acting on the foot were calculated about three orthogonal axes, in a global coordinate system (GCS) and also in a segmental coordinate system (SCS). No differences were found for the sagittal moments. However, compared to the SCS, the GCS significantly (p < .001) overestimated the predominant invertor moment at midstance and until after heel rise. It also significantly (p < .05) underestimated the late stance evertor moment. This frontal plane discrepancy was attributed to sensitivity of the GCS to the degree of abduction of the foot. For the transverse plane, the abductor moment peaked earlier (p < .01) and was relatively smaller (p < .01) in the GCS. Variability in the transverse plane was greater for the SCS, and attributed to its sensitivity to the degree of rearfoot inversion. We conclude that the two coordinate systems result in different calculations of nonsagittal moments at the ankle joint during walking. We propose that the body-based SCS provides a more meaningful interpretation of function than the GCS and would be the preferred method in clinical research, for example where there is marked abduction of the foot.

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