scholarly journals COOLING AND HEATING LOAD SIMULATION OF OFFICE BUILDING BASED ON RECENT WEATHER DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (760) ◽  
pp. 565-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoichiro ISOZAKI ◽  
Hitoshi TAKEDA
Keyword(s):  
Office Building ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Heating Load ◽  
Load Simulation

Model assumptions and their influence on the predicted heating load of an office building

Bauphysik ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Kiesel ◽  
Kristina Orehounig ◽  
Ardeshir Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Office Building ◽  
Heating Load

scholarly journals Effect of thermal energy storage in energy consumption required for air conditioning system in office building under the African Mediterranean climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdulgalil ◽  
Franc Kosi ◽  
Mohamed Musbah ◽  
Mirko Komatina
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Partial Load

In the African Mediterranean countries, cooling demand constitutes a large proportion of total electrical demand for office buildings during peak hours. The thermal energy storage systems can be an alternative method to be utilized to reduce and time shift the electrical load of air conditioning from on-peak to off-peak hours. In this study, the Hourly Analysis Program has been used to estimate the cooling load profile for an office building based in Tripoli weather data conditions. Preliminary study was performed in order to define the most suitable operating strategies of ice thermal storage, including partial (load leveling and demand limiting), full storage and conventional A/C system. Then, the mathematical model of heat transfer for external ice storage would be based on the operating strategy which achieves the lowest energy consumption. Results indicate that the largest rate of energy consumption occurs when the conventional system is applied to the building, while the lowest rate of energy consumption is obtained when the partial storage (demand limiting 60%) is applied. Analysis of results shows that the new layer of ice formed on the surface of the existing ice lead to an increase of thermal resistance of heat transfer, which in return decreased cooling capacity.

Study on Determination of Best Window-Wall Ratio of Office Building in Cold Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hua Zhou ◽  
Shan Hu ◽  
Tao Du
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Lighting Control ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
North East ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
Heating Load ◽  
Heating Energy Consumption

The cooling and heating load caused by the heat transfer of the window is significantly greater than that caused by the heat transfer of wall because of the large heat transfer coefficient of the window. At the same time, the sun radiate heat through the window into indoor can increase the cooling load and decrease the heating load; the natural lighting enhances, and the lighting energy consumption decreases because of entering sunlight. The paper took a low energy consumption office building in the northern China for example, synthetically analyzed the cooling energy consumption, heating energy consumption and lighting energy consumption of every orientation under the condition of lighting control or no lighting control. The results show that comparing with no lighting control, the energy consumption with lighting control is less. When using lighting control, the best WWR of south, north, east, west are 0.35, 0.3, 0.3, 0.25, respectively; then the building energy saving rate is 8.2%.

Estimating CO2 Emissions Reductions With EnergyPlus for an Office Building in Salt Lake City

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Lucich ◽  
Amanda D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Lake City ◽  
The Impact

This research estimates the achievable CO2 emissions reductions for a medium sized office building located in Salt Lake City, Utah. Four strategies that required minor retrofits or changes to a building’s operational controls were considered: automatic window shading, changes in window construction, lighting intensity, and temperature setpoint adjustment. Since 70% of energy consumed by the building sector is for heating, cooling and lighting, the methods introduced were targeted to reduce these sources of demand. The model building used was selected from the U.S. DOE’s commercial reference buildings. The simulations were run using the DOE’s EnergyPlus building energy modeling software and a TMY3 weather data file for Salt Lake City. The effect of these possible building changes on energy consumption and the CO2 emissions resulting from the production of this energy were examined. The impact of the automatic window shade was the lowest of the strategies considered with a 1% reduction in GHG emissions. This is likely the result of a low solar irradiation area to building volume ratio and should be explored for smaller residential and commercial buildings. Window construction was more promising with GHG emissions reductions between 2% and 6%. Lighting strategies and altered temperature set points demonstrated GHG emissions reduction of up to 15%. This research establishes a technique to evaluate building emissions reductions with respect to location, building construction, and operation.

scholarly journals The Optimum Window-to-Wall Ratio in Office Buildings for Hot‒Humid, Hot‒Dry, and Cold Climates in Iran

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalil Shaeri ◽  
Amin Habibi ◽  
Mahmood Yaghoubi ◽  
Ata Chokhachian
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
The North ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Heating Load ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Window Area

About half of the energy loss in buildings is wasted through windows. Determining the optimum window-to-wall ratio (WWR) for different building facades would reduce such energy losses. The optimum WWR is the window area that minimizes the total annual energy of cooling, heating, and lighting. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimum WWR of different facades of an office building. For this purpose, a sample building is simulated by means of DesignBuilder software in order to investigate the annual solar heat gain, cooling load, heating load, and lighting consumption for the three cities of Bushehr, Shiraz, and Tabriz, and optimum window areas of office buildings for the three cities are determined. Based on the results, the optimum window area for the north building facade for all climates is 20–30%. This amount for the southern facade of the building in Bushehr, Shiraz, and Tabriz is, respectively, 20–30%, 10–30%, and 20–50%. The optimum window area for the eastern and western building facades in Bushehr is 30–50%; in Tabriz it is 40–70%, and in Shiraz it is 20–60% and 40–70%, respectively. The difference between the maximum and minimum energy consumption with different window areas in Bushehr and Shiraz is 20–100% and in Tabriz it is 16–25%.

Hepatocyte Alterations in Guinea Pigs FED Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Dibenzodioxins (PCDD), AND DIBENZOFURANS (PCDF)

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
J. N. Turner ◽  
D. N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cooling Fluid

A fire involving an electric service transformer and its cooling fluid, a mixture of PCBs and chlorinated benzenes, contaminated an office building with a fine soot. Chemical analysis showed PCDDs and PCDFs including the highly toxic tetra isomers. Guinea pigs were chosen as an experimental animal to test the soot's toxicity because of their sensitivity to these compounds, and the liver was examined because it is a target organ. The soot was suspended in 0.75% methyl cellulose and administered in a single dose by gavage at levels of 1,10,100, and 500mgm soot/kgm body weight. Each dose group was composed of 6 males and 6 females. Control groups included 12 (6 male, 6 female) animals fed activated carbon in methyl cellulose, 6 males fed methyl cellulose, and 16 males and 10 females untreated. The guinea pigs were sacrificed at 42 days by suffocation in CO2. Liver samples were immediately immersed and minced in 2% gluteraldehyde in cacadylate buffer at pH 7.4 and 4°C. After overnight fixation, samples were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in cacodylate for 1 hr at room temperature, embedded in epon, sectioned and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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