Dylematy poznawcze Krzysztofa Kolumba

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Wojciech Iwańczak
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Christopher Columbus ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Middle Ages

The text analyses the inner life of Christopher Columbus based mainly on his writings and the literature on the subject. It is an attempt to reconstruct the mentality of the great explorer against the background of his turbulent biography and the historical context of the turn of the Middle Ages and modern times.

scholarly journals THE IMAGE OF THE LAST JUDGMENT IN THE UKRAINIAN LITERARY TRADITION OF THE 12th – 18th CENTURIES AS A KEY TO EXPLANATION OF THE WORLDVIEW OF UKRAINIAN POPULATION OF THE MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN TIMES

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
A. Hryhorak
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Last Judgment ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article deals with the systematization and analysis of authentic ancient Ukrainian texts dedicated to the topic of the Last Judgment with the author's purpose to reconstruct the worldview of Ukrainian population of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Times. The source base of the study included eschatological literature as the most popular and numerous during that ages as well as Holy Bible, hagiographic works, prophecies and the graffiti of St. Sophia Cathedral of Kyiv. The dominant idea in the works found was the idea of the Last Judgment. Through the prism of this idea the most urgent moral problems, which were of acute concern to society, are recovered: the problem of the fall of spirituality, social inequality, the decline of morality etc. The author also verified the foreign influences on Ukrainian eschatological literature as well the influence of preachers and polemicists of that time on public opinion about the signs of the end of the world. Revealing works in the medieval and early-modern Ukrainian literature devoted to the most fateful subjects, analyzing their content for reflection of eschatological ideas, systematizing the main ideas related to responsibility for terrestrial life, comparing these visions with those translated in literature, revealed the presence of the eschatological ideas on the common background of the general cultural and historical context of the studied ages. A study of Ukrainian eschatological literature led the author to the conclusion that the whole range of written eschatological sources gives us a linear development of the idea of the Last Judgment, from the dissemination of eschatological ideas of the 12th century to their concretization, development, popularization with each new period. Summing up the analysis of the works of eschatological literature, distributed on Ukrainian lands in the 17th – 18th centuries, the opposition of secular and religious thinking becomes noticeable, which is quite clearly reflected in the literature.

scholarly journals The Medieval Tradition in the Prose of V. P. Astafiev: Genre and Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 342-366
Author(s):  
Alla Yu. Bolshakova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Medieval Literature ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Middle Ages

<p>The article contributes to the study of implementation of the genre traditions of the Russian Medieval literature in the prose of the second half of the twentieth century, specifies categorical coordinates and challenges research approaches, artificially separating a single movement of Russian literature from the time of Ilarion and Avvakum to the present day. On the example of V.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;Astafiev&rsquo;s book &ldquo;Zatesi&rdquo; which united the writer's small prose on the principle of cyclization of works based on the common stylistic and thematic features, the author comes to the conclusion about the artistic relevance of this technique, which originates in the medieval collections, in the aspiration of their compilers to work &ldquo;outside of genre traditions&rdquo; (D.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;Likhachev). But if in the Middle Ages this aspiration is more due to the subject-thematic tasks, in the New and Modern times the super-genre unity of the collection, of the book is a&nbsp;result of strengthening the compositional role of the author in their structural organization and the individualization of his image.</p>

ISLAMIC COINS FROM EASTERN GIZA (EGYPT)

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Goncharov ◽  
◽  
S. E. Malykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Ancient Rock ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article focuses on the attribution of one gold and two copper coins discovered by the Russian Archaeological Mission of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS in the ancient Egyptian necropolis of Giza. Coins come from mixed fillings of the burial shafts of the Ancient Egyptian rock-cut tombs of the second half of the 3rd millennium B.C. According to the archaeological context, the coins belong to the stages of the destruction of ancient burials that took place during the Middle Ages and Modern times. One of the coins is a Mamluk fals dating back to the first half of the 14th century A.D., the other two belong to the 1830s — the Ottoman period in Egypt, and are attributed as gold a buchuk hayriye and its copper imitation. Coins are rare for the ancient necropolis and are mainly limited to specimens of the 19th–20th centuries. In general, taking into account the numerous finds of other objects — fragments of ceramic, porcelain and glass utensils, metal ware, glass and copper decorations, we can talk about the dynamic nature of human activity in the ancient Egyptian cemetery in the 2nd millennium A.D. Egyptians and European travelers used the ancient rock-cut tombs as permanent habitats or temporary sites, leaving material traces of their stay.

Protestant Rivalry — Metaphysics and Rhetoric in Germany c. 1590–1620

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
The Middle Ages

One of the most remarkable changes to take place at German Protestant universities during the last decade of the sixteenth century and the first twenty years of the seventeenth century was the return of metaphysics after more than halfa century of absence. University metaphysics has acquired a reputation for sterile aridity which was strengthened rather than diminished by its survival in early modern times, when such disciplines are supposed deservedly to have vanished with the end of the Middle Ages. Nevertheless, this survival has attracted some attention this century. For a long urne it was assumed that German Protestants needed a metaphysical defence against the intellectual vigour of the Jesuits. Lewalter has shown, however, that this was not the case.

Gelehrte Autorität und die Ordnung der Dinge. Über Wissen, Macht und die Vermessung der Wirklichkeit im Mittelalter

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-66
Author(s):  
Marcel Bubert
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Organizing Principles ◽  
The Middle Ages

AbstractAlthough the medieval period was not part of Michel Foucault’s seminal study on ‘The Order of Things’, there are good reasons to believe that the learned cultures of the Middle Ages were to a certain degree based on specific epistemic orders, general organizing principles which were unconsciously presupposed in concepts of reality. Nevertheless, the extent as to which these concepts are in fact committed to the assumption of a metaphysically determined measuring of reality, is not altogether clear. This article aims to discuss this question in general, based on recent views of the role of the ‘subject’ in epistemic orders.

scholarly journals Lokacje miast w dobrach prywatnych na Krajnie w średniowieczu (do końca XV wieku)

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-80
Author(s):  
Joanna Danuta Karczewska
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Private Goods ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article discusses the issue of noble towns in the area of Nakielski poviat in the Middle Ages. The elaboration presents urbanization of this area and the related issues concerning the process of embedment of towns within private goods, difining the variants of town rights and formulating and functioning of the local self -government .Attention was also paid to town as one of the components of a noble property and the subject of transactions and family divisions. Artykuł dotyczy zagadnienia miast szlacheckich na obszarze powiatu nakielskiego w średniowieczu. Opracowanie przedstawia urbanizację tego terytorium  i związane z tym kwestie dotyczące procesu osadzania miast w dobrach prywatnych, okreslenia odmiany prawa miejskiego oraz formowania i funkcjonowania samorządu. Zwrócono też uwagę na miasto jako część składową majątku szlacheckiego oraz przedmiot transakcji i działów rodzinnych.

scholarly journals Early Slavic housing from Belz surroundings

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
Taras Mylian
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Big City ◽  
Conservation Research ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Middle Ages

Territory of the upper reaches of Western Bug River, especially the annalistic of Belz in Solokiya and its surroundings, is rich in archeological sites. In 2016, as part of the Program «Protection and Preservation of the Cultural Heritage of the Lviv Region for 2016–2018», conservation research was conducted at the settlement Belz 22 (Hora). It is a multi-layered settlement with cultural and chronological horizons from the final Paleolithic to modern times. Information and research on it were conducted with advantages during XX century however, for the first time in the settlement; remains of a Slavic dwelling-semi-dugout (object 20) of the Prague culture were discovered and studied. Research has shown that dwelling had two periods of functioning. Traces of restructuring were confirmed, which led to a reduction of the area and changing of the shape – from rectangular to square. Evidence of the reconstruction was the remains of two clay ovens, the oldest of which was partially cut down by a later wall. Under the remains of this wall above the furnace a Roman denarius of the II century was found. Ovens are built on special sites made of compacted clay. The older oven has a dome lined with special rollers. Discovered material is represented mainly by handmade ceramic pots, some of them are reconstructed. Some of the forms of utensils were common during the late V – early VI centuries, and the other part – during the second half of VI – early VII century. This division corresponded to the periods of housing. An important find was the weights for the loom, which were reused to build the oven. An additional evidence of the development of weaving in the settlement is a bi-conical spinner with flat platforms, which comes from dwelling. The settlement on the outskirts of the annalistic Belz is characterized by permanence and genetic connection throughout the Middle Ages – from individual Slavic settlements in this region to the creation of a separate principality around the big city. Key words: Prague culture, Belz, Solokiya, dwelling, oven, ceramics, denarius.

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