Document 4: Two Letters from Chief Trader James McMillan to Chief Factor John McLoughlin about the Founding of Fort Langley.

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Keyword(s):  
Chief Factor

On two sublattices of the subgroup lattice of a finite group

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Chi ◽  
Alexander N. Skiba
Keyword(s):  
Finite Group ◽  
Subnormal Subgroup ◽  
Subgroup Lattice ◽  
Chief Factor ◽  
A Finite Group ◽  
Fitting Formation

Abstract Let {\mathfrak{F}} be a non-empty class of groups, let G be a finite group and let {\mathcal{L}(G)} be the lattice of all subgroups of G. A chief {H/K} factor of G is {\mathfrak{F}} -central in G if {(H/K)\rtimes(G/C_{G}(H/K))\in\mathfrak{F}} . Let {\mathcal{L}_{c\mathfrak{F}}(G)} be the set of all subgroups A of G such that every chief factor {H/K} of G between {A_{G}} and {A^{G}} is {\mathfrak{F}} -central in G; {\mathcal{L}_{\mathfrak{F}}(G)} denotes the set of all subgroups A of G with {A^{G}/A_{G}\in\mathfrak{F}} . We prove that the set {\mathcal{L}_{c\mathfrak{F}}(G)} and, in the case when {\mathfrak{F}} is a Fitting formation, the set {\mathcal{L}_{\mathfrak{F}}(G)} are sublattices of the lattice {\mathcal{L}(G)} . We also study conditions under which the lattice {\mathcal{L}_{c\mathfrak{N}}(G)} and the lattice of all subnormal subgroup of G are modular.

The “Amboyna Massacre” of 1623

1960 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
East India Company ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chief Factor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Face ◽  
English East India Company

On 27 February, 1623, Gabriel Towerson, the chief factor or merchant of the English East India Company in Amboyna, was beheaded by command of the local Dutch governor, Herman van Speult. Nine other Englishmen, ten Japanese and one Portuguese shared Towerson's fate. The charges brought against these unfortunate men were that they planned to kill Speult and overwhelm the Dutch garrison of Fort Victoria as soon as an English ship appeared in the roadstead to support them. It is not the purpose of the present article to re-open the more controversial aspects of the Amboyna tragedy. Suffice it to say that the plausibility of the Dutch accusation has never commanded much respect in the estimate of British historians and it is unlikely that this attitude will change. On the other hand, there is every evidence to suggest that Speult, despite English suspicions to the contrary, was genuinely convinced that an English plot was afoot to overthrow his government. Normally the governor was a humane and reasonable man, who had received Towerson at his table on many occasions, and his bitterness at the strange turn of events in February, 1623, is very understandable. Dr. Stapel has recorded the reputed reply of Towerson to Speult when the latter upbraided him for thus abusing his hospitality and friendship: “Alas! If it were to beginne againe, it should never be done”. Is this the response of a man who knew he was innocent? asks Dr. Stapel. On the face of it, Towerson would appear to be condemned by his own words, but it must be remembered that his physical condition at that time was pitiful. He had firmly protested his innocence under prolonged and severe torture until his powers of endurance were broken, after which he sought relief, presumably, by telling the Dutch what they wanted to hear. In these circumstances, it is difficult to attach to Towerson's rather cryptic expression of repentance the importance it would otherwise deserve.

John Rae (1813–93): Explorer of the Canadian Arctic, the great pedestrian

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-208
Author(s):  
Brian Loosmore
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Chief Factor ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Hudson's Bay Company ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Orkney Islands ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Hudson’S Bay Company

Born and raised in the Orkney Islands, Dr John Rae joined the Hudson's Bay Company and rose to be Chief Factor. Unusually tough and intelligent, he explored much of northern Canada, mapping the north eastern shore and finding controversial evidence of the lost Franklin expedition of 1845. A talented botanist, geologist, anthropologist and cartographer, he was northern Canada's most distinguished explorer.

A GENERALISATION OF FINITE PT-GROUPS

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-405
Author(s):  
BIN HU ◽  
JIANHONG HUANG ◽  
ALEXANDER N. SKIBA
Keyword(s):  
Subnormal Subgroup ◽  
Chief Factor ◽  
Soluble Groups ◽  
Formula Group

Let $G$ be a group and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}=\{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{i}\mid i\in I\}$ some partition of the set of all primes. A subgroup $A$ of $G$ is $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$-subnormal in $G$ if there is a subgroup chain $A=A_{0}\leq A_{1}\leq \cdots \leq A_{m}=G$ such that either $A_{i-1}\unlhd A_{i}$ or $A_{i}/(A_{i-1})_{A_{i}}$ is a finite $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{j}$-group for some $j=j(i)$ for $i=1,\ldots ,m$, and it is modular in $G$ if $\langle X,A\cap Z\rangle =\langle X,A\rangle \cap Z$ when $X\leq Z\leq G$ and $\langle A,Y\cap Z\rangle =\langle A,Y\rangle \cap Z$ when $Y\leq G$ and $A\leq Z\leq G$. The group $G$ is called $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$-soluble if every chief factor $H/K$ of $G$ is a finite $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{i}$-group for some $i=i(H/K)$. In this paper, we describe finite $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$-soluble groups in which every $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$-subnormal subgroup is modular.

An Anthropological Experiment in a British Colliery

1951 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Paterson ◽  
F. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Chief Factor ◽  
Accident Rates

The purpose of this paper is to compare the accident rates in units of different size within the National Coal Board (and their pre-nationalization counterparts), to show that there are broadly similar fluctuations throughout, to put forward an hypothesis as to the chief factor or factors determining these fluctuations and, finally, to describe an experiment based on this hypothesis and designed to decrease accidents.

GROWTH PROPERTY OF SILICON NANOWIRES UNDER OAG

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 683-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
YABO ZHU ◽  
YAQUN ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Experimental Observation ◽  
Silicon Nanowires ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Chief Factor ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Growth Property ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Theoretical Results

Using a simplified model, the surface energy of the Si / SiO 2 interface in silicon nanowires ( SiNWs ) is derived. Our theoretical results show that the nanowires along <112> and <110> have very low surface energy, so their yields should be high. Experimental observation testifies that the SiNWs fabricated by the oxide-assisted growth (OAG) are mostly of these two orientations. This supports the consideration that during growth process, surface energy is the chief factor to determine the axis orientation of nanowires under OAG.

On the 𝔉-hypercenter and the intersection of 𝔉-maximal subgroups of a finite group

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-473
Author(s):  
Viachaslau I. Murashka
Keyword(s):  
Finite Group ◽  
Nilpotent Groups ◽  
Chief Factor ◽  
Maximal Subgroups ◽  
Inner Automorphism ◽  
Formula Group ◽  
Saturated Formations ◽  
A Finite Group

Abstract Let {\mathfrak{X}} be a class of groups. A subgroup U of a group G is called {\mathfrak{X}} -maximal in G provided that (a) {U\in\mathfrak{X}} , and (b) if {U\leq V\leq G} and {V\in\mathfrak{X}} , then {U=V} . A chief factor {H/K} of G is called {\mathfrak{X}} -eccentric in G provided {(H/K)\rtimes G/C_{G}(H/K)\not\in\mathfrak{X}} . A group G is called a quasi- {\mathfrak{X}} -group if for every {\mathfrak{X}} -eccentric chief factor {H/K} and every {x\in G} , x induces an inner automorphism on {H/K} . We use {\mathfrak{X}^{*}} to denote the class of all quasi- {\mathfrak{X}} -groups. In this paper we describe all hereditary saturated formations {\mathfrak{F}} containing all nilpotent groups such that the {\mathfrak{F}^{*}} -hypercenter of G coincides with the intersection of all {\mathfrak{F}^{*}} -maximal subgroups of G for every group G.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE AIR-BORNE TUBERCULOSIS IN THE RABBIT

1949 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Heppleston
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Chief Factor ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Normal Lung Tissue ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Stationary Condition ◽  
Human Type ◽  
Tuberculin Reaction

1. Pulmonary tuberculosis in unselected rabbits, induced by primary quantitative air-borne infection with human type tubercle bacilli, may retrogress or progress. Some animals whose disease was in a stationary condition might have fallen into one of the above groups had the experiments been prolonged. 2. Within the limits of the observations natural resistance or susceptibility appears to be the chief factor in determining the course of the disease. 3. Following the development of the primary lesions the tuberculin reaction became positive but thereafter proved to be an unreliable indicator of the course of the disease. 4. Tubercle bacilli can be recovered from macroscopically normal lung tissue of rabbits several weeks after primary infection. 5. Reinfection did not induce the formation of new lesions nor alter the course of the disease caused by the primary infection.

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