Restraint Use and Age and Sex Characteristics of Persons Involved in Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes

2003 ◽  
Vol 1830 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Ho-Yin Lee ◽  
Joseph L. Schofer
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
Age And Sex

The lap and shoulder belt combination can reduce the risk of fatal motor vehicle crash injuries to front-seat occupants by 45% and the risk of moderate-to-critical injuries by 50%. The significant life- and cost-saving potentials of these restraining devices, installed in virtually every vehicle in the United States, are well recognized, but the benefits come only from their actual use. Identified are two demographic characteristics of unrestrained persons involved in fatal crashes, age and sex, to provide a basis for targeting educational and promotional efforts to encourage restraint use among the most vulnerable groups. Analyses are based on 1996 to 2000 crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, compared with exposure data from the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey. This study found that the risk of sustaining fatal injuries in a vehicle crash is reduced by 54% when occupant restraints are used. A much higher proportion of young males in the 16 to 19 and 20 to 24 age groups involved in fatal crashes do not use restraints, about 1.72 and 1.69 times greater, respectively, than those who do use restraints. While females in these age groups are also overrepre-sented, the extent of this excess is less than that of males. This underscores the need to find ways to educate young people, especially young males, about the benefits of restraint use.

scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in Motor-Vehicle Crash Severity in California

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adekunle Adebisi ◽  
Jiaqi Ma ◽  
Jaqueline Masaki ◽  
John Sobanjo
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Vehicle Crash

With ongoing changes in the age distribution of drivers in the United States, it is important to obtain insights on how to make the roadways equally safe for drivers across different age groups. In light of this, the objective of this study is to examine various crash characteristics and make recommendations on how to potentially improve roadway safety for all age groups. Using the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) data, this study investigates the factors influencing motor-vehicle crash injury severity for young (aged 16–25), middle-aged (aged 26–64), and older drivers (above 64) in the state of California. A multinomial logit model was used to separately model crashes involving each age group and to evaluate the weight of different predictor variables on driver injury severity. The predictor variables were classified into four—driver, roadway, accident and environmental characteristics. Results suggest that there are close relationships between severity determinants for young and middle-aged drivers. However, older drivers tend to be most cautious among all age groups under all environmental and roadway conditions. Young drivers are more likely to explore their driving skills due to newness to driving. Middle-aged drivers are familiar with driving and tend to demonstrate less cautious behaviors, especially male drivers. Another insight obtained from this study is that older driver behavior is less dynamic compared to other age groups; their driving pattern is usually regular regardless of the surrounding conditions.

Delta V, Principal Direction of Force, and Restraint Use Contributions to Motor Vehicle Crash Mortality

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel E. Ryb ◽  
Patricia C. Dischinger ◽  
Joseph A. Kufera ◽  
Cynthia A. Burch
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Principal Direction ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Restraint Use

scholarly journals 46. The Accuracy of Medical Records and Police Reports in Determining Motor Vehicle Crash Characteristics

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (S2) ◽  
pp. S31-S31
Author(s):  
Robert J. Grant ◽  
Mary Ann Gregor ◽  
Ronald F. Maio ◽  
Shaun S. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Restraint Use

Objective: To determine the accuracy of ambulance (AR), emergency department (EDR) and police (PR) records in describing motor vehicle crash (MVC) characteristics when compared to a standard - an in-depth motor vehicle crash investigation record (CIR).Methods: Fifty-six MVC patients transported to a suburban, university hospital emergency department via ambulance and included in a crash investigation were identified. The time period was January 1993 through December 1995. Data sources were the AR, EDR, PR and CIR. The CIR was abstracted to a standard form. The other data sources were abstracted to a standard form using a retrospective, blinded review. Variables included occupant position, restraint use, air bag deployment, type of impact, ejection, and external cause of injury code. Accuracy was measured by determining percent agreement and Kappa for each data source compared to the CIR.Results: Forty-six cases (82%) had one or more episodes of discordance. The mean percent agreement for the sources studied was AR 0.813, EDR 0.893 and PR 0.932. Mean values for Kappa were AR 0.712, EDR 0.831 and PR 0.885. Among variables, restraint use was determined with the least accuracy with means for percent agreement and Kappa of 0.792 and 0.674, respectively. For the AR, discordance was due to missing information almost 50% of the time.

scholarly journals The Medical Referral Process and Motor-Vehicle Crash Risk for Drivers with Dementia

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Jonathan Davis ◽  
Cara Hamann ◽  
Brandon Butcher ◽  
Corinne Peek-Asa
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Referral Process ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Medical Referral

Cognitive and physical impairment can occur with dementia and reduce driving ability. In the United States, individual states have procedures to refer and evaluate drivers who may no longer be fit to drive. The license review process is not well understood for drivers with dementia. This study uses comprehensive data from the Iowa Department of Transportation to compare the referral process for drivers with and without dementia from January 2014 through November 2019. The likelihood of failing an evaluation test was compared between drivers with and without dementia using logistic regression. The risk of motor-vehicle crash after referral for review of driving ability was compared using a Cox proportional hazard model. Analysis controlled for the age and sex of the referred driver. Drivers with dementia performed worse on all tests evaluated except the visual screening test. After the referral process, the risk of crash was similar between those with and without dementia. Drivers with dementia were denied their license more frequently than referred drivers without dementia. However, drivers with dementia who successfully kept their license as a result of the license review process were not at an increased risk of crash compared to other referred drivers.

Trends in Cannabis Involvement and Risk of Alcohol Involvement in Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities in the United States, 2000‒2018

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e10
Author(s):  
Marlene C. Lira ◽  
Timothy C. Heeren ◽  
Magdalena Buczek ◽  
Jason G. Blanchette ◽  
Rosanna Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Alcohol Involvement

Objectives. To assess cannabis and alcohol involvement among motor vehicle crash (MVC) fatalities in the United States. Methods. In this repeated cross-sectional analysis, we used data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System from 2000 to 2018. Fatalities were cannabis-involved if an involved driver tested positive for a cannabinoid and alcohol-involved based on the highest blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of an involved driver. Multinomial mixed-effects logistic regression models assessed cannabis as a risk factor for alcohol by BAC level. Results. While trends in fatalities involving alcohol have remained stable, the percentage of fatalities involving cannabis and cannabis and alcohol increased from 9.0% in 2000 to 21.5% in 2018, and 4.8% in 2000 to 10.3% in 2018, respectively. In adjusted analyses, fatalities involving cannabis had 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48, 1.65), 1.62 (95% CI = 1.52, 1.72), and 1.46 (95% CI = 1.42, 1.50) times the odds of involving BACs of 0.01% to 0.049%, 0.05% to 0.079%, and 0.08% or higher, respectively. Conclusions. The percentage of fatalities involving cannabis and coinvolving cannabis and alcohol doubled from 2000 to 2018, and cannabis was associated with alcohol coinvolvement. Further research is warranted to understand cannabis- and alcohol-involved MVC fatalities. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print October 28, 2021:e1–e10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306466 )

Newer Model Years Are Associated with Reduced Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities among Older Drivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (33) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette A. Fausto ◽  
Brian C. Tefft
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Model Year ◽  
The Relationship

Older drivers are a growing and particularly vulnerable population. Advances in vehicle safety may reduce the risk of death in the event of a motor vehicle crash (MVC). Although previous studies have identified a relationship between increasing model years and decreased risk of death in MVC among adult drivers, this relationship has not been quantified among older drivers. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between vehicle model year and the risk of death among drivers aged 65 years and older who were involved in MVCs in the United States from 2010 to 2015. Data were from a census of all fatal MVCs and a representative sample of all police-reported crashes nationwide. Drivers were stratified into five age groups (65–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, and 85+). Vehicles examined were cars, sport utility vehicles, pick-up trucks, and vans. Overall, older drivers driving vehicles older than model year 1990 were more than twice as likely to be killed in a crash as individuals driving vehicles of model years 2000 to 2009. Older drivers driving vehicles of model years 2010 and newer had 46% lower risk of MVC death than those driving vehicles of model year 2000 to 2009. The relationship between vehicle model year and risk of death in a crash varied by driver age and vehicle type, however, the same overall patterns were observed for all age groups and vehicle types examined. These findings suggest that older adults are responsive to improvements in vehicle safety.

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