Sensor Performance in Measuring Vehicle Length
Although most vehicle classification conducted in the United States is axle based, some applications could be supplemented or replaced by length-based data. Common length-based methods, including loop detectors and several types of nonloop sensors (both side-fire and in-road sensors), are more widespread and can be less expensive. The most frequently deployed data collection method is by loop detector, and most dual-loop installations can report vehicle length. This paper examines field and laboratory tests of loop detectors and nonloop sensors for their performance in determining vehicle length and vehicle speed. Field testing was conducted at four locations in Minnesota and South Dakota. Ten commercially available sensors were evaluated. The testing results indicated that across a variety of detection technologies, the loop detectors and nonloop sensors generally reported comparable length and speed data. The research also examined various loop configurations and found that 6- x 6-ft loops performed similarly to 6- x 8-ft loops, although 6- x 6-ft quadrupole loops performed poorly for vehicles with high beds because of the loops’ relatively small magnetic field. Loop detector performance was found not to degrade with the variety of lead-in wire lengths that were tested. Laboratory testing conducted with a loop simulator confirmed the field testing and found that loop detector data are generally repeatable.