Investigation of Alternative Bicycle Pavement Markings with the Use of a Bicycle Simulator

The past decade has seen increased public interest in sustainable transportation modes in the United States. However, there is a relative lack of guidance regarding standards and specifications for bicycle facilities compared with the highway mode. This project sought to address this deficiency through the investigation of alternative pavement markings for bicycle wayfinding and proper bicycle placement at signalized intersections as part of the federal Nonmotorized Transportation Pilot Program in Columbia, Missouri. This evaluation was accomplished with a bicycle simulator study and postsimulator survey with 27 participants. A network of 37 intersections with characteristics similar to intersections in Columbia was created with the ZouSim simulator. The survey included questions regarding bicycling habits and preferences for the alternative markings. For wayfinding, two alternative types of pavement markings and the signage recommended by the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) were evaluated. Both the survey and the simulator results indicated that the Type 2 wayfinding markings with a green circle performed better with respect to visibility and delineating the bicycle route. The bicycle placement portion of the study investigated three alternative types of markings as well as the MUTCD markings and signage to help riders position their bicycle at the correct location to receive a green signal. The bicycle placement results indicated that the Type 1 and Type 2 experimental detector markings resulted in the fewest number of missed detections, while the Type 1 marking was the preferred alternative of the survey participants.

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Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae from Lettuce

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0237 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 237-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Matias Pasquali ◽

Flavia Dematheis ◽

Giovanna Gilardi ◽

Maria Lodovica Gullino ◽

Angelo Garibaldi

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

The United States ◽

Vegetative Compatibility ◽

Vegetative Compatibility Group ◽

Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽

Compatibility Group ◽

Race 1

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of lettuce, has been reported in three continents in the last 10 years. Forty-seven isolates obtained from infected plants and seed in Italy, the United States, Japan, and Taiwan were evaluated for pathogenicity and vegetative compatibility. Chlorate-resistant, nitrate-nonutilizing mutants were used to determine genetic relatedness among isolates from different locations. Using the vegetative compatibility group (VCG) approach, all Italian and American isolates, type 2 Taiwanese isolates, and a Japanese race 1 were assigned to the major VCG 0300. Taiwanese isolates type 1 were assigned to VCG 0301. The hypothesis that propagules of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae that caused epidemics on lettuce in 2001-02 in Italian fields might have spread via import and use of contaminated seeds is discussed.

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Type 2 Diabetes in Youth

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x20981343 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 2333794X2098134

Author(s):

Goutham Rao ◽

Elizabeth T. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

The United States ◽

Second Line Therapy ◽

Educational Value ◽

Line Therapy ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Diabetes In Youth ◽

New Onset

The incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in the United States rose at an annual rate of 4.8% between 2002-2003 and 2014-2015. Type 2 diabetes progresses more aggressively to complications than type 1 diabetes. For example, in one large epidemiological study, proliferative retinopathy affected 5.6% and 9.1% of children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Screening begins at age 10 or at onset of puberty, and is recommended among children with a BMI% ≥85 with risk factors such as a family history and belonging to a high risk racial or ethnic or racial group. HbA1C% is preferred for screening as it does not require fasting. As distinguishing between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is not straightforward, all children with new onset disease should undergo autoantibody testing. Results of lifestyle interventions for control of type 2 diabetes have been disappointing, but are still recommended for their educational value and the potential impact upon some participants. There is limited evidence for the benefit of newer mediations. Liraglutide, a GLP-1 agonist, however, has been shown to significantly reduce HbA1C% in one study and is now approved for children. Liraglutide should be considered as second line therapy.

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Sex-Related Differences of Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis in Adults

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10020300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 300

Author(s):

Madeline Drake ◽

Shah-Jahan M. Dodwad ◽

Joy Davis ◽

Lillian S. Kao ◽

Yanna Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pancreatitis ◽

The United States ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Endoscopic Retrograde ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis ◽

Acute And Chronic Pancreatitis ◽

Effective Prevention Strategies

The incidence of acute and chronic pancreatitis is increasing in the United States. Rates of acute pancreatitis (AP) are similar in both sexes, but chronic pancreatitis (CP) is more common in males. When stratified by etiology, women have higher rates of gallstone AP, while men have higher rates of alcohol- and tobacco-related AP and CP, hypercalcemic AP, hypertriglyceridemic AP, malignancy-related AP, and type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). No significant sex-related differences have been reported in medication-induced AP or type 2 AIP. Whether post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis is sex-associated remains controversial. Animal models have demonstrated sex-related differences in the rates of induction and severity of AP, CP, and AIP. Animal and human studies have suggested that a combination of risk factor profiles, as well as genes, may be responsible for the observed differences. More investigation into the sex-related differences of AP and CP is desired in order to improve clinical management by developing effective prevention strategies, diagnostics, and therapeutics.

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Web-Based Benefit-Finding Writing for Adults with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes: Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.13857 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Joanna Crawford ◽

Kay Wilhelm ◽

Judy Proudfoot

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Active Control ◽

Benefit Finding ◽

Diabetes Distress ◽

Web Based ◽

To Receive

BACKGROUND The high prevalence of diabetes distress and subclinical depression in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM, respectively) indicates the need for low-intensity self-help interventions that can be used in a stepped care approach to address some of their psychological needs. However, people with diabetes can be reluctant to engage in mental health care. Benefit-finding writing (BFW) is a brief intervention that involves writing about any positive thoughts and feelings concerning a stressful experience such as an illness, avoiding potential mental health stigma. It has been associated with increases in positive affect and positive growth and has demonstrated promising results in trials in other clinical populations. However, BFW has not been examined in people with diabetes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a Web-based BFW intervention for reducing diabetes distress and increasing benefit finding in diabetic adults with T1DM or T2DM compared to a control writing condition. METHODS Adults with T1DM or T2DM and diabetes distress were recruited online through the open access Writing for Health program. After completing baseline questionnaires, they were randomly allocated to receive online BFW or an active control condition of online writing about the use of time (CW). Both groups completed 15-minute online writing sessions, once per day, for 3 consecutive days. Online measures were administered at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months postintervention. Participants were also asked to rate their current mood immediately prior to and following each writing session. RESULTS Seventy-two adults with T1DM or T2DM were recruited and randomly allocated to receive BFW (n=24) or CW (n=48). Participants adhered to the BFW regimen. Greater increases in positive affect immediately postwriting were found in the BFW group than in the CW group. However, there were no significant group-by-time interactions (indicating intervention effects) for benefit finding or diabetes distress at either the 1-month or 3-month follow-up. Both the BFW and CW groups demonstrated small, significant decreases in diabetes distress over time. CONCLUSIONS BFW was well tolerated by adults with diabetes in this study but did not demonstrate efficacy in improving diabetes distress or benefit finding compared to an active control writing condition. However, due to recruitment difficulties, the study was underpowered and the sample was skewed to individuals with minimal diabetes distress and none to minimal depression and anxiety at baseline. Future research should continue to investigate the efficacy of variants of therapeutic writing for adults with T1DM or T2DM, using larger samples of participants with elevated diabetes distress. CLINICALTRIAL Australiand New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615000241538; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=368146

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Diabetes mellitus and the kidney

Oxford Textbook of Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.211001_update_004 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 4021-4032

Author(s):

Rudolf Bilous

Keyword(s):

Renal Disease ◽

United States Of America ◽

The United States ◽

Endstage Renal Disease ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Uk ◽

Developed World ◽

Incident Rates

Diabetic nephropathy is the commonest cause of endstage renal disease in the developed world, causing 44% of prevalent cases requiring renal replacement therapy in the United States of America in 2012 and 25% in the United Kingdom in 2013. Incident rates have increased slightly in the UK at 25% of all new patients accepted onto RRT in 2013. Most patients have type 2 diabetes, and in most countries the proportion with endstage renal disease who have type 1 diabetes is falling....

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Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Pediatric Health Conditions in Schools ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190687281.003.0019 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 343-360

Author(s):

Katherine A. S. Gallagher ◽

Marisa E. Hilliard

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Medical Condition ◽

School Personnel ◽

The United States ◽

Self Management ◽

Chronic Medical Condition ◽

School Based ◽

Support Students

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects many children in the United States. The chapter provides an overview of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and focuses on the roles of school-based providers in helping students with diabetes, in collaboration with families and medical providers. Specific strategies, such as educating school personnel and peers about the conditions and treatments and recognizing and responding to symptoms of the conditions, are discussed. Providing assistance with, and supervision of, self-management tasks, monitoring symptoms, and identifying and implementing appropriate school-based accommodations are some key activities school-based professionals adopt to support students with diabetes. Additionally, addressing any learning or psychological concerns and assessing for possible diabetes-related contributors are critical. Included in the chapter are handouts with helpful resources for professionals, lists of measures for assessing concerns common to children with diabetes, and a tool to support student engagement in self-management activities related to diabetes care.

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