scholarly journals Contributions to the resumption of growth in ecodormant buds of apple

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bubán
Keyword(s):  
Frost Damage ◽  
Xylem Differentiation ◽  
Vascular Connection ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Procambial Strand ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Growth Features ◽  
The Relationship

The resumption of development in ecodormant buds in terms of establishing a functional vascular connection between the inflorescence primordia and spur tissues in apple trees was investigated. Differentiation of the xylem elements could be observed first in the pedicel of the flower primordium, in the middle of January. Much later (at the beginning of April) there were mature xylem vessels in the wall of the receptacle and, merely a procambial strand for the ovule primordium which was at this time an undifferentiated protrusion of meristematic cells, only. As for phenological development of buds incubated at a temperature of 20 °C, it was the slowest in buds sampled in January, faster in buds sampled in the middle of February and, buds from the middle of March responded very quickly. The function of temperatures needed both for xylem differentiation and for the flower primordium to achieve maturity is pointed out. The nature of frost damage in vessel elements, as well the relationship between chilling requirement and growth features of apple cultivars will be discussed.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of sunflower cultivars and the relationship between growth features

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Newton Martin ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Pavinato ◽  
Leandro Homrich Lorentz ◽  
Renice Paula Zielinski ◽  
Rosana Refatti
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Growth Features ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Image analysis on the flexural behaviors of RC beams with artificial damage and the effects of repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 05021
Author(s):  
Kota Matsue ◽  
Takashi Matsumoto ◽  
Ko Kakuma ◽  
Hiroaki Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Rc Beams ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Expansive Agent ◽  
Cover Concrete ◽  
Rc Slab ◽  
Deformation Behaviors ◽  
Structural Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship

In cold and snowy regions, frost damage happened in an RC bridge deck slab leads to horizontally layered cracks, which results in the disintegration of cover concrete. Since this deterioration mode occurs inside an RC slab, it is usually difficult to detect them. It is possible that the slab performances have already decreased when the deteriorations appear on the exterior surface. As a preliminary step towards the establishment of a method for evaluating the structural performance of such a damaged RC slab, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between deteriorations and structural behaviors and to study the effect of an epoxy injection repair. For simplification, RC beams are prepared with artificial cracks that simulate deteriorations and these were made by the use of expansive agent. These beams are tested in flexure. Since the damage is volumetric, image analysis is useful to capture the two-dimensional deformations. It is shown that with different deterioration depths that is a part of the compression side of the beam or full of the height, there are differences about the deformation behaviors, the repair effects and the distributions of maximum and minimum principal strain.

The relationship between physiological indexes of apple cultivars and resistance toEriosoma lanigerumin summer

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (17) ◽  
pp. 5177-5183
Author(s):  
王西存 WANG Xicun ◽  
周洪旭 ZHOU Hongxu ◽  
于毅 YU Yi ◽  
程在全 CHENG Zaiquan ◽  
张安盛 ZHANG Ansheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Indexes ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Relationship

Wood Anatomy of Four Californian Mistletoe Species (Phoradendron, Viscaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa E.T.M. Ashworth ◽  
Gracielza Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Intrusive Growth ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Growth Features

Secondary xylem characteristics were compared in four species of Phoradendron Nutt. (Viscaceae) native to California. All have extremely short, thick-walled vessel elements with simple perforation plates. They also share high vessel density, radial vessel arrangement, thick-walled fibres, and multiseriate, heterocellular rays. The fibres show considerable intrusive growth. Features of the vessel elements (i.e. vessel dimensions, arrangement, type of wall sculpturing) and calcium oxalate crystals in the ray parenchyma cells are useful diagnostic traits to separate species. Grooved vessel walls are shared by the morphologically similar P. villosum and P. macrophyllum. Differences between these two species may reflect contrasting drought response strategies pursued by respective hosts. Vulnerability and mesomorphy ratios of the wood of P. californicum are higher than those of P. pauciflorum and P. macrophyllum. Phoradendron pauciflorum has the most xeromorphic wood of the four species studied.

scholarly journals Freeze Susceptibility of Fruit Buds in 67 Apple cultivars in Hungary

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Frost Damage ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Spring Frosts ◽  
As Effects ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Made In

Frost damage is one of the most important risks of apple production. Outstanding importance has been attributed to the frost resistance of flower-buds as decisive sites of fruit production. Browning of plants parts and tissues exposed to natural weather adversities are considered as effects of frost. In Hungary, frost damage on flower buds of both the market and new cultivars has not been assessed earlier. Observations referring to the consequences of frost damages of over four critical years, marked by their peculiar winter and spring frost hazards. Parallel observations have been made in four sites of the growing area in the Great-Plain region. 67 apple cultivars have been assessed. Each cultivar was represented by 3 trees, which were sampled at about 1-1.5 m height over ground, where the buds or inflorescences were picked for the purpose to assess the injury. The buds and flowers are cut longitudinally and rated visually according to the extent of browning of the organs and tissues. Susceptibility of different organs of the flower (pistils and anthers) were rated separately. According to our results, most resistant to spring frosts are the following cultivars: 'Gloster', 'Granny Smith' and appreciable tolerance is attributed in 'Gala' and 'Jonathan' with derivatives. Preliminary results that among the scab resistant cultivars, `Baujade', 'Rewena', 'Liberty', `Resi' and 'Renora' are rather frost resistant. Information, lacking hitherto, is obtained upon 'Reka' and 'Reglindis' as for their increased susceptibility.

scholarly journals Structural differences arise between fruit cuticles of two apple cultivars during long term cold storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
R. Oszlányi ◽  
M. Tóth ◽  
L. Szabó ◽  
I. Papp
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fruit Surface

Apple fruits are covered by hydrophobic cuticle that provides protection against desiccation, pathogens, excessive water absorption and radiation. The features of cuticle affect the quality and storability of the fruits. It was aimed to evaluate the correlation between peel ultrastructure and weight loss in fruits covered by waxy bloom (cv. Florina) and without bloom (cv. Red Rome van Well) during 4-month cold storage. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) was used for visualization of the fruit surface and fruit weight was also measured. Several studies have revealed that there may be correlation between the ultrastructure of cuticle and its water permeability. Our results confirmed this phenomenon in case of two cultivars. The weight loss per fruit surface area unit of ‘Florina’ was found significantly higher than that of ‘Red Rome van Well’. At the same time the cuticular surface of the fruits contained more micro-cracks in case of the former cultivar. These data confirmed the relationship between the density of cuticular micro-cracks and the water vapour permeability. We concluded that this feature is more significant than the amount of natural waxy bloom on fruit surface.

scholarly journals Multi-elemental isotope and analog tracer application to measure nutrient uptake and distribution in Malus domestica Borkh.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Gomez ◽  
Lee Kalcsits
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Nutrient Imbalances ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Optimum Balance

Plant nutrient uptake is critical to maintain an optimum balance between vegetative and reproductive growth and fruit quality. Nutrient imbalances, and more specifically the relationship of potassium, magnesium and nitrogen to calcium, can be critical for fruit quality in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). In perennial plants, it is difficult to conduct short-term experiments to measure plant uptake and distribution in response to either cultivar or treatment because of substantial preexisting nutrient pools already present. The use of isotopically labeled nitrogen, and nutrient analogs such as strontium and rubidium allow for the quantification of uptake and distribution that is often not possible with bulk mineral analysis. Here, the objective was to understand how scion genotype influences nutrient uptake and partitioning between aboveground and below ground parts of the tree. In this experiment, 10 atom% 15N, Strontium (Sr), and Rubidium (Rb) were applied to three different potted apple cultivars that were either treated with ABA 250 mg/L or 500 mg/L or an untreated control. After 70 days of growth, overall recovery rates of each tracer reflected the mobility of their nutrient analog. Strontium had an average tracer recovery rate of 3.9%, followed by 15N with 14.6% recovery and finally Rb with 15.1%. Independent of treatment, Gala significantly absorbed more tracer followed by Granny Smith and Honeycrisp for Rb and Sr but not 15N. These results have implications in understanding the association between aboveground factors like transpiration and nutrient uptake and distribution in apple.

scholarly journals Freeze Susceptibility of Fruit Buds in 67 Apple cultivars in Hungary

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tóth M.
Keyword(s):  
Frost Damage ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Spring Frosts ◽  
As Effects ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Made In

Frost damage is one of the most important risks of apple production. Outstanding importance has been attributed to the frost resistance of flower-buds as decisive sites of fruit production. Browning of plants parts and tissues exposed to natural weather adversities are considered as effects of frost. In Hungary, frost damage on flower buds of both the market and new cultivars has not been assessed earlier. Observations referring to the consequences of frost damages of over four critical years, marked by their peculiar winter and spring frost hazards. Parallel observations have been made in four sites of the growing area in the Great-Plain region. 67 apple cultivars have been assessed. Each cultivar was represented by 3 trees, which were sampled at about 1-1.5 m height over ground, where the buds or inflorescences were picked for the purpose to assess the injury. The buds and flowers are cut longitudinally and rated visually according to the extent of browning of the organs and tissues. Susceptibility of different organs of the flower (pistils and anthers) were rated separately. According to our results, most resistant to spring frosts are the following cultivars: 'Gloster', 'Granny Smith' and appreciable tolerance is attributed in 'Gala' and 'Jonathan' with derivatives. Preliminary results that among the scab resistant cultivars, `Baujade', 'Rewena', 'Liberty', `Resi' and 'Renora' are rather frost resistant. Information, lacking hitherto, is obtained upon 'Reka' and 'Reglindis' as for their increased susceptibility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document