Trajectories of Dietary Variety Score among community-dwelling older Japanese and their related factors

Osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common geriatric diseases among older adults and harm activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL). Osteosarcopenia is a unique syndrome that is a concomitant of both osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. This review aimed to summarize the related factors and clinical outcomes of osteosarcopenia to facilitate understanding, evaluation, prevention, treatment, and further research on osteosarcopenia. We searched the literature to include meta-analyses, reviews, and clinical trials. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults is significantly higher in female (up to 64.3%) compared to male (8–11%). Osteosarcopenia is a risk factor for death, fractures, and falls based on longitudinal studies. However, the associations between osteosarcopenia and many other factors have been derived based on cross-sectional studies, so the causal relationship is not clear. Few studies of osteosarcopenia in hospitals have been conducted. Osteosarcopenia is a new concept and has not yet been fully researched its relationship to clinical outcomes. Longitudinal studies and high-quality interventional studies are warranted in the future.

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Gender-Related Differences in Physical Performance among Seniors

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.13.3.239 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 239-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Kristin Musselman ◽

Brenda Brouwer

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Activity Level ◽

Muscle Performance ◽

Related Factors ◽

Balance Confidence ◽

Limits Of Stability ◽

Gender Specific

This study examined gender differences in balance, gait, and muscle performance in seniors and identified gender-specific factors contributing to physical performance. Forty (20 men, 20 women) healthy, community-dwelling seniors (74.5 ± 5.3 years) participated. Limits of stability, gait speed, lower limb flexor and extensor isokinetic concentric peak torques, self-reported activity level, and balance confidence were measured. No gender differences were detected in gait speed, limits of stability when normalized to height, activity level, or balance confidence (p≥ .188). Women were weaker than men (p≤ .007), even after controlling for weight and body-mass index, suggesting that other gender-related factors contribute to strength. Gender accounted for 18–46% of the variance in strength and served as a modifier of the relationship between activity level and strength in some muscle groups. The primary factors relating to gender-specific strength was activity level in men and body weight in women.

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What influences diet quality in older people? A qualitative study among community-dwelling older adults from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, UK

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017001203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (15) ◽

pp. 2685-2693 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Ilse Bloom ◽

Wendy Lawrence ◽

Mary Barker ◽

Janis Baird ◽

Elaine Dennison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Older People ◽

Social Engagement ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Related Factors ◽

Age Related ◽

Hertfordshire Cohort Study ◽

The Uk ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractObjectiveTo explore influences on diet in a group of community-dwelling older adults in the UK.DesignData were collected through focus group discussions with older people; discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and transcripts analysed thematically.SettingHertfordshire, UK.SubjectsParticipants were sampled purposively from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, focusing on those whose diets had been assessed at two time points: 1998–2001 and 2011.ResultsNinety-two adults participated (47 % women; 74–83 years) and eleven focus groups were held. A number of age-related factors were identified that were linked to food choices, including lifelong food experiences, retirement, bereavement and medical conditions, as well as environmental factors (such as transport). There appeared to be variability in how individuals responded to these influences, indicating that other underlying factors may mediate the effects of age-related factors on diet. Discussions about ‘keeping going’, being motivated to ‘not give up’, not wanting to be perceived as ‘old’, as well as examples of resilience and coping strategies, suggest the importance of mediating psychological factors. In addition, discussion about social activities and isolation, community spirit and loneliness, indicated the importance of social engagement as an influence on diet.ConclusionsInterventions to promote healthier diets in older age should take account of underlying psychological and social factors that influence diet, which may mediate the effects of age-related factors.

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Comparison of Related Factors According to the Frailty Level of the Rural Community-Dwelling Older Adults

10.31888/jkgs.2021.41.3.295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 295-308

Author(s):

Heekyung Chang ◽

Mikyoung Kim ◽

Jiyeon Lee ◽

Boram Kim ◽

Chorong Gil

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Rural Community ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Related Factors ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

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Related Factors with Decreased Physical Function in the Community-Dwelling Elderly in Chuncheon: Hallym Aging Study(HAS).

Korean Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.4178/kje.2008.30.2.216 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 216-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sun Ae Jeon ◽

Jin Young Jeong ◽

Seok Won Park ◽

Young Ho Choi ◽

Moon Gi Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Function ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Related Factors ◽

Aging Study

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Factors associated with depression in older adults over the age of 75 living in an urban area

Enfermería Global ◽

10.6018/eglobal.18.3.324401 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 58-82

Author(s):

María Pilar Molés Julio ◽

Aurora Esteve Clavero ◽

María Vicenta Lucas Miralles ◽

Ana Folch Ayora

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Perceived Health ◽

Living Condition ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Salud Mental

Introducción: La presencia de síntomas depresivos en los mayores es un problema importante de salud, se puede considerar como la alteración de la salud mental, más frecuente en ancianos en los países desarrollados. Se asocia al sufrimiento y a un incremento de la prevalencia y mala evolución de los problemas de salud. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la depresión y factores asociados en personas mayores de 75 años de la ciudad de Castellón de la Plana.Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico, realizado mediante cuestionario sobre una muestra de 400 individuos mayores de 75 años residentes en la comunidad, que fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo intencionado durante el año 2015.Resultados: Prevalencia de síntomas depresivos 30,5%, las mujeres los presentan en mayor proporción (40,1%). Los mayores que viven solos presentan en mayor medida síntomas de depresión 26,6% frente al 16,1% (p= 0,011). La buena autopercepción de la salud se relaciona con menor proporción de síntomas depresivos y en relación a la fragilidad, los individuos no frágiles presentan síntomas depresivos en menor proporción (12,1%) que los frágiles (30,8%) y los prefragiles (57%) p<0,05. Los aspectos negativos en las relaciones sociales obtienen una puntuación media menor (0,003) en los individuos sin síntomas depresivos (p=0.006)Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre la presencia de síntomas depresivos y el sexo, autopercepción de salud, convivencia y fragilidad. Introduction: Depression in older adults is a major health problem, and it is considered the most common psychiatric disorder among this population in developing countries. It is associated with suffering and increased prevalence and poor evolution of health problems. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of depression and related factors in people over the age of 75 years in the city of Castellón de la Plana, Spain.Methodology: This was an observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study in which a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 400 community-dwelling older adults over the age of 75 and who were selected using purposive sampling in 2015.Results: the overall prevalence of depression symptoms was 30.5%, a percentage higher among women (40.1%). Older adults living alone presented more symptoms of depression, 26.6% compared with 16.1% (p = 0.011). Good self-perceived health was related to fewer depression symptoms. Non-frail individuals presented lower rates of depression symptoms (12.1%) than frail (30.8%), and pre-frail individuals (57%) p<0.05. Negative aspects in social relationships showed a lower mean score (0.003) in individuals without depression symptoms (p = 0.006).Conclusions: There is a link between the presence of depression symptoms and gender, self-perceived health, living condition, and frailty.

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The type 2 diabetes-specific dementia risk score (DSDRS) is associated with frailty, cognitive and functional status amongst Mexican community-dwelling older adults

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-020-01776-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla ◽

Carlos Alberto Aguilar-Salinas ◽

José Alberto Avila-Funes

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Older Adults ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Related Factors ◽

Dementia Risk ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background The type 2 diabetes (T2D) specific dementia-risk score (DSDRS) was developed to evaluate dementia risk in older adults with T2D. T2D-related factors have been shown increase the risk of age-related conditions, which might also increase dementia risk. Here, we investigate the associations of DSDRS with frailty, disability, quality of life (QoL) and cognition in community-dwelling older adults with T2D. Methods We included 257 community-dwelling older adults with T2D to evaluate the association between DSDRS and Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Isaac’s set-test (IST), clock drawing test (CDT), quality of life (SF-36), risk of malnutrition (Mini-Nutritional Assessment or MNA), as well as frailty, Katz’ and Lawton-Brody scores. We also assessed the phenotype and correlates of high-estimated dementia risk by assessing individuals with DSDRS >75th age-specific percentiles. Results Mean age of participants was 78.0 ± 6.2 years. DSDRS showed a significant correlation with MMSE test, IST, CDT, SF-36, MNA, Lawton-Brody and Katz scores, and an increasing number of frailty components. DSDRS was higher among frail, pre-frail, and subjects with limited ADL and IADL (p < 0.001). Participants with DSDRS >75th age-specific percentiles had lower education, MMSE, IST, SF-36, MNA, Katz, Lawton-Brody, and higher frailty scores. High-estimated 10-year dementia risk was associated with ADL and IADL disability, frailty and risk of malnutrition. When assessing individual components of DSDRS, T2D-related microvascular complications were associated to all outcome measures. Conclusion The DSDRS is associated with frailty, disability, malnutrition and lower cognitive performance. These findings support that T2D-related factors have significant burden on functional status, QoL, disability and dementia risk.

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Developing a model of the determinants of medication nonadherence in older community-dwelling patients

Annals of Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/abm/kaz004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 942-954 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Affraic McLoughlin ◽

Kathleen Bennett ◽

Caitriona Cahir

Keyword(s):

Root Mean Square ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

World Health ◽

Mean Square ◽

Medication Nonadherence ◽

Related Factors ◽

Older Populations ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Medication nonadherence is associated with adverse health outcomes in older populations. The aim of this study was to develop a model that describes the relationship between the determinants of nonadherence, per the World Health Organization (WHO) model of nonadherence and the necessity–concerns framework (NCF) and nonadherence in a cohort of older community-dwelling patients. A retrospective cohort study of 855 community-dwelling patients aged ≥70 years from 15 practices. Medication nonadherence was assessed by (i) medication possession ratio (MPR < 80%) and (ii) the median MPR across all drugs dispensed. Patient questionnaires, interviews, and medical records measured the determinants of nonadherence per the WHO and NCF frameworks. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was undertaken to generate the model of best fit. Two structural equation models (SEM) were developed to evaluate the relationship between the WHO factors, the NCF, and nonadherence (Model 1: MPR < 80%, Model 2: median MPR). The CFA produced a reasonable fit (χ2(113) = 203, p < .001; root mean square error of approximation = 0.03; comparative fit index = 0.98, and weighted root mean square residual = 0.97) and adequate internal consistency (r = .26–.40). SEM analysis (Model 1) showed a significant direct relationship between patient-related (β = 0.45, p < .01), socioeconomic (β = 0.20, p < .01), and therapy-related factors (β = −0.27, p < .01) and nonadherence (MPR < 80%). Similar results were found for Model 2 (median MPR). There was a significant direct relationship between medication concerns (β = −0.13, p < .01) and nonadherence. Therapy-related (β = −0.04, p < .05) and patient-related factors (β = −0.06, p < .05) also had a significant mediating effect on nonadherence through medication concerns. Health care professionals need to address medication concerns and management of adverse effects in older populations to improve adherence and clinical outcomes.

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