scholarly journals الافتراضُ في التَّعليل النَّحويِّ ومكانتُهُ في ردِّ دَعْوَى التَّأثير الأرسطيِّ /Hypothesis in the grammatical justification and its impact in refuting the claim of Aristotelian influence

Author(s):  
Adham Muhammad ‘Ali Hamawiyyah ◽  
Homama Al-tabaa

ملخص البحث:                                                                                                                        تشترك منهجيَّتا التَّفكير الإسلاميَّة واليونانيَّة في تحرِّيهما اليقين، وتفترقان في كيفية الوصول إليه، ففي حين تُسلم الثَّانية بوجود معارفَ عقليَّةٍ مُستقِلَّةٍ عن الواقع، وتتَّخذها وسيلةً لِمَا تبغيه من يقينٍ؛ لا تُسلِّم الأُولى بِمِثْلِ هذا، وتتَّخذ من التَّجربة وحدها وسيلةً تُقوِّي ما ترومه من اليقين، فاليقينيَّة اليونانيَّة مُطلَقةٌ على شَرْطِها، واليقينيَّة الإسلاميَّة مُفترَضةٌ، ويفيد الباحث من هذه التفرقة في ردَّ دعوى التَّأثير المنطقيِّ في النَّحو العربيِّ، فمن خلال منهجٍ استقرائيٍّ نقديٍّ يرصد عمليَّة الافتراض الَّتي استلزمتها العربيَّة نفسُها. توصلت الدراسة إلى ما يأتي: إنَّ الغاية من العلَّة النَّحويَّة الحفاظُ على اتِّساق النِّظام اللُّغويِّ، وضَبْطُ كُلِّيَّاته الجامعة من خلال تبيُّنها عاملاً وغايةً، ومن ثَمَّ دَرْؤُهُ عن كُلِّ ما قد يُخِلُّ به، وهو ما بدأ لأجله الدَّرس النَّحويُّ، ولا سيَّما القرآنيَّ منه، وأن النَّحويُّين يبتدئون من الحُكم النَّحويِّ المُعمَّمِ والمُطَّرِدِ البحثَ عن علَّته الأليق به من خلال اختبار العربية نفسها، وأن اليقينيَّة اليونانيَّة (الأرسطيَّة) مُطلَقةٌ على شَرْطِها، واليقينيَّة الإسلاميَّة مُفترَضةٌ، وهكذا صاغ النَّحويُّون بناءً كُلِّيّاً للنَّحو العربيِّ قوامه عقلنة الظَّاهرة اللُّغوية من خلال الافتراض الَّذي يُمثِّل فَهْماً خاصّاً بمبدأ العلَّة في الفكر الإسلاميِّ. الكلمات المفتاحية: النَّحو–المنطق–التَّعليل–الافتراض-العربيَّة.   Abstract The Islamic and Greek thoughts shared the same method in validating certainty, but both have different approached in arriving at it. While the latter acknowledges the existence of mental knowledge independent from the reality and depends on it as a method to validate certainty, the former does not accept that but instead resort to experiment alone as a method to strengthen certainty. Greek certainty is absolute in its conditions, while the Islamic certainty is hypothetical. The researcher takes this difference as an argument against the claim that Arabic grammar is influenced by Greek logic. By deductively and critically examining this issue in the process of hypothesizing that is inherent in Arabic. The study concludes with the following: the objective of grammatical justification is to preserve the cohesion of the language system and to regulate its totality through its clarifying function as an agent and purpose that would protect it from any disrupting cause; of which is the raison d’etre of Arabic grammar, in particular, the Quranic grammar. The grammarians began with syntactical general rulings in finding their suitable justification by experimenting with Arabic itself; and the Greek certainty (Aristotelian) is absolute in its condition while the Islamic certainty is hypothetical and this is the method used by the Arabic grammarians to construct the Arabic grammar that was based on linguistic rationalization through the hypothesis that represents specific understanding of reason in Islamic thought. Keywords: Grammar – logic – justification – hypothesis - Arabic   Abstrak Pemikiran Yunani dan Islam berkongsi metode yang serupa dalam mengesahkan sesutau kepastian tetapi setiap satunya mempunyai pendekatan yang berbeza untuk merumuskannya. Pemikiran Yunani memperakui wujudnya pengetahuan mental yang berlainan dengan daripada reality dan bergantung kepadanya sebagai satu methode untuk mengesahkan kepastian, pemikiran Islam tidak menerima cara tersebut tetapi menggunakan semata-mata ujikaji sebagai cara untuk menguatkan sesuatu kepastian. Kaedah pengesahan Yunani adalah mutlak dalam syarat-syaratnya sedangkan kaedah Islam adalah lebih bersifat andaian. Pengkaji melihat perbezaan ini sebagai hujah untuk menolak dakwaan bahawa tatabahasa Arab terpengaruh dengan logic Yunani. Dengan menganalisa secara deduktif isu dalam proses pengandaian yang telah lama terangkum dalam pemikiran tatabahsa Arab. Kajian ini merumuskan perkara-perkara berikut: objektif untuk penghujahan tatabahasa ialah untuk memelihara kesinambungan sistem bahasa yang akan juga memeliharanya daripada perkara-perkara yang akan merosakkannya; sebab wujudnya tatabahasa Arab ini ialah Al-Quran itu sendiri. Para pakar tatabahasa memulakan dengan hukum-hukum umum tatabahasa dalam mencari sebab-sebab yang sesuai dengan menjadikan bahasa Arab itu sendiri sebagai kajian. Cara pengesahan Yunani yang diambil daripada Arsitotle adalah mutlak dalam syarat-syaratnya sedangkan dalam pemikiran Islam perkara itu adalah bersifat andaian. Inilah cara yang digunakan pakar tatabahasa Arab dalam membangunkan tatabahasa Arab itu sendiri yang berteerasan rasionalisasi tatabahasa melalui andaian yang merupakan satu bentuk pemahaman tentang sebab dalam pemikiran Islam.   Kata kunci: Tatabahasa – Logik – Sebab – Andaian – Bahasa Arab.

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-384
Author(s):  
Tauhedi As'ad ◽  
Munif Shaleh

God's language is not reached by human nature because God's language enters the parole area which cannot be verified, because parole language is God's revelation that cannot be intervened by the human language system. This model, is very new to be continued in the approach of Islamic studies, especially modern linguistic studies developed by Ferinand De Sausure, then by Paul Ricouer as the post structuralist father. However, if you re-understand the language of God in the perspective of modern linguistics as an approach in Islamic thought, then there is a problem that is addressed, namely the existence of God's Revelation which wraps into Arabic, then the corpus is formalized as a manuscript written by humans. Then God's revelation will lose the existence of authority as the owner of the message of revelation so that the Koran that is read now by all Muslims is no longer sacred and authentic. This is the revelation imprisoned by Arabic as the Ottoman Manuscripts.


2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Baggio ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario

AbstractWe agree with Christiansen & Chater (C&C) that language processing and acquisition are tightly constrained by the limits of sensory and memory systems. However, the human brain supports a range of cognitive functions that mitigate the effects of information processing bottlenecks. The language system is partly organised around these moderating factors, not just around restrictions on storage and computation.


2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Barber

Spelling is a window into a student's individual language system and, therefore, canprovide clues into the student's understanding, use, and integration of underlyinglinguistic skills. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) should be involved in improvingstudents' literacy skills, including spelling, though frequently available measures ofspelling do not provide adequate information regarding critical underlying linguistic skillsthat contribute to spelling. This paper outlines a multilinguistic, integrated model of wordstudy (Masterson & Apel, 2007) that highlights the important influences of phonemicawareness, orthographic pattern awareness, semantic awareness, morphologicalawareness and mental graphemic representations on spelling. An SLP can analyze anindividual's misspellings to identify impairments in specific linguistic components andthen develop an individualized, appropriate intervention plan tailored to a child's uniquelinguistic profile, thus maximizing intervention success.


Author(s):  
Muhammad Qasim Zaman
Keyword(s):  

The topic of Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Islamic Thought (LIVIT) calls for an interdisciplinary, comparative and historical approach. This has been the underlying methodological assumption within the project which bore this name. Amongst the products of that three-year project is a series of collected studies by established and emerging scholars in the field, examining how Muslim thinkers have conceptualised violence and categorised (morally and legally) acts of violence. In this opening chapter, István Kristó-Nagy first explores how violence in Islamic thought can be set against a wider consideration of violence in human history. It is this comparative perspective which contextualises not only this volume, but also the two subsequent volumes in the LIVIT series. In the second half of this chapter, Robert Gleave explains how this volume is structured, addressing the different approaches used by the contributors, and examines the different ways in which violence can be categorised.


Paragraph ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-153
Author(s):  
Daisy Sainsbury

Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari's analysis of minor literature, deterritorialization and agrammaticality, this article explores the possibility of a ‘minor poetry’, considering various interpretations of the term, and interrogating the value of the distinction between minor poetry and minor literature. The article considers Bakhtin's work, which offers several parallels to Deleuze and Guattari's in its consideration of the language system and the place of literature within it, but which also addresses questions of genre. It pursues Christian Prigent's hypothesis, in contrast to Bakhtin's account of poetic discourse, that Deleuze and Guattari's notion of deterritorialization might offer a definition of poetic language. Considering the work of two French-language poets, Ghérasim Luca and Olivier Cadiot, the article argues that the term ‘minor poetry’ gains an additional relevance for experimental twentieth-century poetry which grapples with its own generic identity, deterritorializing established conceptions of poetry, and making ‘minor’ the major poetic discourses on which it is contingent.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document