Detached Leaf Technique for the Establishment of Root Cultures of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Ulrike Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Axillary Meristems ◽  
Embryo Axes ◽  
Detached Leaves

Abstract Axenic cultures of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) roots can be initiated from in vitro cultured embryos and shoot meristems. Embryo axes produced more shoots than tissue taken from axillary meristems. For tissue derived from shoot cultures, Virginia cultivars had a higher percentage of rooting explants than a Spanish cultivar. Inoculation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes increased root yields. However, root propagation in liquid medium was unsuccessful. On the other hand, the use of detached leaves, incubated on a sand/mineral liquid medium, led to vigorous root production after inoculation with A. rhizogenes, regardless of the bacterial strain used. These roots could be propagated subsequently in liquid medium. The advantages of the detached leaf technique are discussed.

Plant Recovery from Embryonic Axes of Deteriorated Peanut Seed for Germplasm Renewal1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Morris ◽  
S. Dunn ◽  
R. N. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Plant Recovery ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Embryo Axes

Abstract Embryo axes explants from deteriorated seed of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were incubated at a 16 hr photoperiod at 26 C on an MSB5 medium containing MS salts, B5 vitamins, 20 g/L sucrose, and 8 g/L agar. Five to 8-wk-old plants regenerated from embryonic axes were transplanted to Jiffy pots in the greenhouse. Thirty-two samples of deteriorated seed between 2 and 32 yr old were evaluated. Significant differences in organogenesis were observed between different seed accessions. Shoots and roots were recovered from 74 and 36%, respectively, of embryonic axes explants. In the same experiment, seed producing plants were recovered from 14- to 31-yr-old deteriorated seed of E-2, PI 275704, Macrocarpa, G33, G34, G64, Strain No. 5, TMV 3, PI 290608, PI 295981, Sekelembwe, PI 298879, PI 337300, and PI 371850, by in vitro rescue of embryonic axes, while no plants were recovered from seed of 31 seed accessions germinated in the field. The in vitro rescue of embryonic axes can significantly increase the recovery of germplasm from deteriorated seed of peanut.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Urediniospore Production and Germinability in Puccinia arachidis1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
P. V. Subba Rao ◽  
P. Subrahmanyam ◽  
D. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Detached Leaves

Abstract Effect of temperature on urediniospore production in Puccinia arachidis was investigated under monocyclic infection using detached leaves of the susceptible peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar TMV 2. Urediniospores produced at different temperatures were also examined for their germinability in vitro. The optimal temperature for urediniospore production was at about 20 and 25 C. Temperatures below 20 C or above 30 C were highly detrimental to urediniospore production. There were also marked differences in the percent germination of urediniospores produced at different temperatures. Urediniospores produced at 20 and 25 C showed the highest germination percentages. The interaction of temperature with urediniospore production and germinability is important in understanding the development of peanut rust epidemics.

Arachis hypogaea Plant Recovery Through in Vitro Culture of Peg Tips1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. L. Feng ◽  
H. T. Stalker ◽  
H. E. Pattee ◽  
T. G. Isleib
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Root Production ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract In vitro culture of embryos in Arachis is necessary to recover interspecific hybrids which otherwise abort soon after fertilization. The objective of this research was to develop in vitro techniques to promote proembryo development so that plants can be recovered. Aerial peg tips consisting of embryos, ovules, and peg meristem of Arachis hypogaea L. cv. NC 6, were collected 7, 10, and 14 d after self-pollination. Peg tips were cultured in the dark on combined MS and B5 media with NAA, GA3 and 6-BAP for 90 d. The effects of plant growth regulators on in vitro reproductive traits, including peg elongation, callus and root production, pod formation, ovule and embryo development were variable. Results indicated that 10-d-old peg tips, which contained eight-celled proembryos, had more embryo development and pod formation than 7- and 14-d-old peg tips. Medium with 4 mg L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg L-1 6-BAP suppressed in vitro development of pods, ovules and embryos and induced large amounts of callus. Media with lower concentrations of NAA, GA3, and 6-BAP caused development of more and larger pods and ovules. The development of young embryos from proembryos was observed and mature seeds were obtained by an in vitro one-step process. Peanut plants were obtained both from in vitro-recovered embryos and from mature seeds.

scholarly journals In Vitro Callus Culture and Plant Regeneration from Different Explants of Groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.).

1996 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Perumal Venkatachalam ◽  
Adaikalam Subramaniampillai ◽  
Narayanasamylpillai Jayabalan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Regeneration of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) plantlets by in vitro culture of immature leaves

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 826-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Mroginski ◽  
K. K. Kartha ◽  
J. P. Shyluk
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Bud Regeneration ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Murashige And Skoog Medium ◽  
Germinated Seeds

The in vitro regeneration of buds, shoots, and roots from immature leaves of 3- to 5-day-old peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Colorado Manfredi) seedlings was studied under defined nutritional, hormonal, and environmental conditions. The first two leaves (2–5 mm in length) removed from aseptically germinated seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing vitamins as in B5 medium and 0.8% agar, supplemented with 12 combinations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.01 to 4 mg/L) and benzyladenine (BA) (1 and 3 mg/L). Bud regeneration occurred in all hormone combinations, but the maximum number of buds was regenerated at a concentration of 1 mg/L each of NAA and BA. Although bud regeneration was maximum with 2- to 5-mm-long leaflets, some success was also obtained with leaflets 8–13 mm long. However, no buds were regenerated when fully expanded leaflets were cultured.Development of buds into shoots was readily achieved by transferring regenerated buds into fresh medium containing 0.01 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L BA. A few roots were induced to grow when callus with buds was also transferred to medium devoid of hormones. So far, bud regeneration from immature leaves has been induced in vitro in 5 of the 10 cultivars tested.

In Vitro Culture of Arachis hypogaea Peg Tips1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tallury P. S. Rau ◽  
H. T. Stalker ◽  
H. E. Pattee ◽  
P. Reece
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Globular Stage ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Arachis hypogaea L. cv. NC 4 was used as a model plant system in an effort to develop an in vitro embryo rescue protocol which could have application to interspecific hybrid embryos, which often abort at very early growth stages. Embryo growth and development was studied in 1- to 4-day-old peg tips containing proembryos equivalent to a stage where many interspecific hybrid embryos abort. Three independent experiments were conducted to 1) determine the most favorable basal media, 2) evaluate the effects of auxins and cytokinins on growth, and 3) determine a favorable combination of auxins and cytokinins for in vitro peanut embryo growth. The results indicated that MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium with 3% sucrose was the most favorable basal medium among seven media and two sucrose concentrations analyzed. IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) at 1.5 mg L-1 in combination with a range of KN (kinetin) levels from 0.5 to 1.25 mg L-1 were the growth regulator combinations of choice. Proembryo growth reached the multicellular globular stage, but differentiation into heart-shaped embryos did not occur.

scholarly journals Detached leaf in vitro model for masked mycotoxin biosynthesis and subsequent analysis of unknown conjugates

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. De Boevre ◽  
A. Vanheule ◽  
K. Audenaert ◽  
B. Bekaert ◽  
J. Diana Di Mavungu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Mycotoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Derivatives Of

The manuscript details the development of an in vitro model plant system using detached leaves because there is a need for biosynthetic methods for the production and isolation of masked mycotoxins. This detached leaf in vitro model was firstly applied to deoxynivalenol with satisfying results. The biosynthesis of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside was confirmed using its respective commercially available reference standard. Secondly, the detached leaf in vitro model was applied to T-2 toxin. Mono- and tri-glucoside derivatives of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin, T-2-(3)-glucoside, T-2-(3)-triglucoside and HT-2-(3)-glucoside were identified and characterised using Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. This is the first report on a triglucoside of T-2 toxin. The discovery of new masked forms implies the importance of the development of analytical methods for their detection, the constitution of toxicity studies, and proving the relevance of their presence in the food and feed chain.

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