Tank Mix Combinations of Propiconazole and Chlorothalonil for Control of Leaf Spot Diseases of Peanut

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
K. L. Reynolds ◽  
J. M. Hammond ◽  
G. B. Padgett
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Quadratic Functions ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Spot Intensity ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Non Linear

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in one location in 1993 and two locations in 1994 to determine the effects of propiconazole and chlorothalonil tank mix combinations on severity of early (Cercospora arachidicola) and late (Cercosporidium personatum) leaf spot diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In all tests, 10 treatments consisted of 0 and 63 g a.i./ha of propiconazole and 0, 0.315, 0.63, 0.945, and 1.26 kg a.i./ha of chlorothalonil arranged factorially. In 1993, final leaf spot intensity ratings decreased according to nonlinear quadratic functions of chlorothalonil concentrations applied with and without propiconazole. No improvement in leaf spot control was evident with the addition of more than 0.945 kg a.i./ha of chlorothalonil with 63 g a.i./ha of propiconazole. In 1994, conditions were more conducive for leaf spot development. At the Plains location, final leaf spot intensity ratings decreased according to non-linear quadratic functions of chlorothalonil concentrations alone. Leaf spot intensity ratings decreased linearly with increasing rates of chlorothalonil when applied with 63 g a.i./ha of propiconazole. At Tifton, final leaf spot intensity ratings decreased linearly with increasing rates of chlorothalonil with or without propiconazole. Leaf spot intensity ratings were lower on plants treated with tank mixes of chlorothalonil and propiconazole compared to those treated with chlorothalonil alone. Pod yields increased linearly or according to quadratic functions of rates of chlorothalonil with or without propiconazole in both years and all locations. Across all rates of chlorothalonil, yields were higher from plants treated with propiconazole than those treated with the respective rates of chlorothalonil alone.

Applications of Mixtures of Copper Fungicides and Chlorothalonil for Management of Peanut Leaf Spot Diseases

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
R. C. Kemerait
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Copper Fungicides

Management of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in the southeastern U.S. is dependent upon multiple applications of foliar fungicides. Field experiments were conducted from 1997 to 2000 to compare the efficacy of mixtures of copper hydroxide or copper oxychloride and reduced rates of chlorothalonil with that of full rates of chlorothalonil alone or chlorothalonil + propiconazole. In all tests, rates per ha of 0.70 kg of chlorothalonil + 0.70 kg of copper oxychloride or higher provided leaf spot control that was similar (P > 0.05) to that achieved with standard rates of chlorothalonil (0.84 kg/ha) + propiconazole (0.063 kg/ha). Application of chlorothalonil at 0.56 kg/ha + copper oxychloride at 0.56 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as (P > 0.05) chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha in five of six tests in which that treatment was evaluated. In three of four tests in 1998 and 1999, application of chlorothalonil at 0.63 kg/ha + copper hydroxide at 0.63 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha. In both tests in 2000, application of chlorothalonil at 0.84 kg/ha + copper hydroxide at 0.63 kg/ha controlled leaf spot as well as chlorothalonil alone at 1.26 kg/ha. There were no consistent yield differences among the chlorothalonil, chlorothalonil + propiconazole, or chlorothalonil + copper treatments. Accepted for publication 8 November 2001. Published 16 November 2001.

Management of Leaf Spot Diseases of Peanut With Prothioconazole Applied Alone or in Combination With Tebuconazole or Trifloxystrobin

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
R. C. Kemerait ◽  
T. B. Brenneman
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Similar Series

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in Tifton and Plains, GA in 2001–2007 to determine the efficacy of prothioconazole on early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). In five of six experiments, application of one or both rates (0.18 and 0.20 kg ai/ha) of prothioconazole in sprays 3–6 (chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha in sprays 1, 2, and 7) provided leaf spot control superior to tebuconazole (0.23 kg ai/ha) in a similar regime, and superior to chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha applied full season (seven times) in four of six experiments. In a similar series of six experiments, application of 0.085 kg ai/ha of prothioconazole + 0.17 kg ai/ha of tebuconazole provided better leaf spot control than tebuconazole (0.23 kg ai/ha) applied in regimes similar to those described above. Leaf spot control with prothioconazole + tebuconazole was similar to chlorothalonil applied at 1.26 kg ai/ha full season in five of eight experiments, but was less effective in the remaining three experiments. Fungicide effects on yield were inconsistent, but in all experiments, yield response with either rate of prothioconazole was similar to or greater than that obtained with 0.23 kg ai/ha tebuconazole on the same schedule. In a third series of four experiments, full-season (seven sprays) application of mixtures of prothioconazole at 0.063 kg ai/ha with trifloxystrobin at 0.063 kg ai/ha gave similar or better leaf spot control than chlorothalonil full season.

Effect of In-Furrow and Early-Season Banded Applications of Fungicides on Incidence of Early Leaf Spot of Peanut

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Albert K. Culbreath ◽  
Robert C. Kemerait ◽  
Yun-Ching Tsai ◽  
Timothy B. Brenneman ◽  
Katherine L. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Fungicide Application

Field experiments were conducted in Tifton, GA, in 2012-2014 to determine the effect of in-furrow applications of prothioconazole and early-season banded applications of prothioconazole or pyraclostrobin on incidence of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). In each year, border rows were planted in May as a source of inoculum for plants in the treatment plots. Plots were planted in August or September after epidemics of early leaf spot were severe in the border plots. Fungicide application regimes included two rates (100 and 200 g a.i./ha) of prothioconazole applied in-furrow at planting, and 200 g a.i./ha of prothioconazole or 164 g a.i./ha of pyraclostrobin applied concentrated in a 30-cm band 21 days after planting (DAP). Incidence (percent of leaflets with one or more leaf spot) of early leaf spot was monitored until 54 to 57 days after planting in each year. In all years, disease incidence was below 10% at 28 DAP in plots treated with 200 g a.i./ha of prothioconazole in-furrow compared to over 40% in nontreated plots at the same time. In-furrow applications of 100 g a.i./ha of prothioconazole were less effective, but suppressed leaf spot incidence compared to the control. Banded applications of either fungicide at 21 DAP resulted in a decrease in leaf spot incidence, and prevented increase in leaf spot incidence for 19 days or longer. Accepted for publication 30 November 2015. Published 3 December 2015.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Improved Valencia Peanut Varieties for Production in Haiti

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A.M. Fulmer ◽  
T.B. Brenneman ◽  
R.C. Kemerait ◽  
R. Macajoux ◽  
D.A. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Puccinia Arachidis ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT Late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) and peanut rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the most important diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Haiti. Traditional Haitian peanut varieties are not only susceptible to these diseases but are also typically grown without benefit of a fungicide program. Five trials were conducted from 2015 to 2017 to evaluate the performance of six Valencia varieties in Quartier-Morin, Haiti (with an additional trial in 2017 at the Central Plateau) with respect to yield, resistance to rust and leaf spot diseases, and response to a fungicide program. A split-plot design with four or six replications was used in these studies. In each, “variety” was the whole plot and presence or absence of a fungicide program was the subplot. Valencia market types 309 Red, 309 Tan, M2, M3, SGV0801 and a local landrace were compared with and without Muscle ADV (tebuconazole + chlorothalonil, Sipcam) (2.3 L/ha) applied at 45, 60 and 75 days after planting (DAP). Final disease ratings (late leaf spot and peanut rust) were assessed approximately 94 DAP and plots were harvested the day following. In all trials, 309 Tan variety had the least amount of leaf spot and rust, but resulted in the lowest yield in four out of five trials, averaging 1727 kg/ha across fungicide treatments. M3, M2 and 309 Red were generally the numerically highest-yielding varieties, averaging 2906, 2864 and 2541 kg/ha across fungicide treatments, respectively, but were not statistically higher than the local Haitian Valencia, averaging 2374 kg/ha. Three fungicide applications during the season significantly increased yields in most trials for all varieties except 309 Tan. The highest and lowest average increase in yield from fungicide was for 309 Red (1126 kg/ha) and 309 Tan (103 kg/ha), respectively. The results from this study conducted over 2 years and 4 seasons document that while resistance to late leaf spot and rust is available in Valencia varieties, yield potential is not directly associated with that resistance. Also, use of fungicide improves yield potential in more susceptible varieties.

scholarly journals Use of Resistant Cultivars and Reduced Fungicide Programs to Manage Peanut Diseases in Irrigated and Nonirrigated Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Woodward ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
R. C. Kemerait ◽  
N. B. Smith ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Spot Intensity ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Irrigation Effects

Field experiments were conducted in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate the response of several peanut cultivars to standard and reduced-input fungicide programs under production systems which differed in the duration of crop rotation, disease history within a field, or in the presence or absence of irrigation. Effects on early leaf spot (caused by Cercospora arachidicola), late leaf spot (caused by Cercosporidium personatum), and southern stem rot (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii), pod yields, and economic returns were assessed. Standard fungicide programs were similar for both sets of experiments and included applications of pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, azoxystrobin, or chlorothalonil. Reduced-fungicide programs, comprising combinations of the aforementioned fungicides, resulted in two and four applications for the cultivar and irrigation experiment, respectively. Two additional programs (a seven-spray chlorothalonil and a nontreated control) were included in the cultivar experiment. Fungicide programs provided adequate levels of leaf spot suppression, and stem rot incidence was similar among fungicide programs within the two management systems. In the cultivar experiment, returns were significantly lower for the reduced program compared with the full program and seven-spray chlorothalonil program; however, they were significantly higher than the nontreated control. Significant differences in leaf spot, stem rot, and yield were observed among cultivars in both experiments. Overall, leaf spot intensity was lowest for the cvs. Georgia-03L and Georgia-01R and greatest for Georgia Green and Georgia-02C. Georgia-03L, Georgia-02C, and AP-3 consistently had lower incidence of stem rot than the other cultivars. Pod yields for all cultivars were equivalent to or greater than Georgia Green in both experiments; however, the performance of reduced-fungicide programs was inconsistent.

scholarly journals Integrated Disease Management of Leaf Spot and Spotted Wilt of Peanut

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Cantonwine ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
K. L. Stevenson ◽  
R. C. Kemerait ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Spot Intensity ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
Wilt Virus

Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of integrated management of early leaf spot, caused by Cercospora arachidicola, and spotted wilt, caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) using host resistance, two tillage systems, and varying fungicide programs. Effects on pod yield and economic return were assessed. Genotypes C-11-2-39 and Tifrunner demonstrated the best field resistance to TSWV, whereas cvs. DP-1 and GA-01R and line C-28-305 were among the genotypes with the best leaf spot resistance. Epidemics of both diseases were comparable or suppressed in strip-tilled plots compared with conventionally tilled plots. Leaf spot intensity decreased with increased fungicide applications, but to a lesser degree with use of resistance and strip tillage. Yields and net returns were similar between tillage treatments in 2002 and lower in strip tillage in 2003. Genotypes with the greatest yields and returns were C-11-2-39, C-99R, and GA-01R. Returns were comparable among the four-, five-, and seven-spray programs in both years, despite differences in yield. The standard production system, Georgia Green in conventional tillage with seven sprays, resulted in lower returns than half the integrated systems tested in 2002, but had comparable or higher returns than nearly all systems in 2003. When significant, yields and returns were correlated with spotted wilt intensity to a greater degree than leaf spot intensity.

Effects of Reduced Tillage, Resistant Cultivars, and Reduced Fungicide Inputs on Progress of Early Leaf Spot of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 858-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Monfort ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
K. L. Stevenson ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Standard Interval ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Field experiments were conducted in 2000 and 2001 on Georgia Green, Florida MDR-98, and C-99R peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars in Tifton, GA, to determine the effects of tillage practices on early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) epidemics under standard fungicide regimes and fungicide regimes with fewer applications. Leaf spot epidemics were suppressed in reduced tillage (strip-till) plots compared with conventional tillage plots and were suppressed in MDR-98 and C-99R cultivars compared with the standard runner-type cultivar, Georgia Green. Within tillage and cultivar combinations, leaf spot intensity typically was lower in plots treated with fungicides at standard intervals (seven total applications) than in those treated at extended intervals (four total applications). However, in most cases, leaf spot control in extended interval treatments in the strip-till system was comparable to that in the standard interval treatments in conventional tillage. Based on these results, the number of fungicide applications could be reduced without compromising control of leaf spot when reduced tillage is used, especially if combined with moderately resistant cultivars. Suppression of leaf spot epidemics in the strip-till plots did not coincide with higher yields in either year. In 2001, yields were lower in strip-till plots than in conventional tillage plots. Yields were typically higher in the cultivar C-99R than in Georgia Green, regardless of the tillage treatment.

Geographical Distribution of Genetic Diversity in Arachis hypogaea

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Holbrook ◽  
T. G. Isleib
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The U.S. maintains a large (> 8000 accessions) and genetically diverse collection of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm. It is costly to screen all accessions within this collection for traits that could be useful in cultivar development. The objective of this research was to identify countries of origin that are rich sources of resistance to important peanut diseases. This would allow peanut breeders to focus their efforts on smaller subsets of the germplasm collection. Accessions in the peanut core collection were evaluated for resistance to late (Cercosporidium personatum Berk. & M. A. Curtis) and early (Cercospora arachidicola Hori) leaf spot, tomato spotted wilt Tospovirus (TSWV), the peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1], and Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR)[Cylindrocladium crotalarie (Loos) Bell & Sobers]. These data then were examined to determine if genes for resistance clustered geographically. Several geographical areas that appear to be rich sources for disease-resistant genes were identified. China had a relatively large number of accessions with resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode. Peru appeared to be a rich source of material with resistance to CBR. Resistance to late leaf spot was more frequent than expected in accessions from Bolivia and Ecuador. Bolivia was also a valuable source of resistance to early leaf spot. Early leaf spot resistance also was more prevalent than expected in accessions from India, Nigeria, and Sudan. India, Israel, and Sudan were valuable origins for material with resistance to TSWV. Accessions with multiple disease resistance were most common in India, Mozambique, and Senegal. This information should enable plant breeders to utilize more efficiently the genes for disease resistance that are available in the U.S. germplasm collection.

Control of Early and Late Leafspot on Two Peanut Cultivars1

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Shokes ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
L. F. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract The effectiveness of four fungicides for control of Cercospora arachidicola Hori (CA) and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk and Curt.) Deighton (CP) on Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Florunner’ and ‘Early Bunch’ was evaluated in 1978 and 1979. Chlorothalonil (3.5 liters/ha) + flowable sulfur on a 10-day schedule (T1) gave the best control of both leafspots. Chlorothalonil alone (2.3 liters/ha) on a 14-day schedule (T2) provided better disease control and higher pod yields than three other fungicide treatments on both cultivars in 1979. With reduced disease pressure in 1980, triphenytin hydroxide + flowable sulfur and mancozeb + flowable sulfur were almost as effective as T1 and T2 in maintaining high pod yield on Florunner. Yields were significantly less both years on Early Bunch for all treatments other than T1 and T2. The incidence of CA leafspot was low both years and CP was the predominant leafspot pathogen. Significantly higher numbers of CP lesions were observed on Early Bunch than on Florunner at 70 and 90 days after planting (DAP) in 1979 and at 110 DAP in 1980. Numbers of CA lesions on the two cultivars were not significantly different. Average pod yields across fungicide treatments of the two cultivars were not significantly different in 1979 or 1980. Differences in disease levels and pod yields were greater among fungicide treatments than between cultivars.

scholarly journals Potencial produtivo de linhagens de amendoim do grupo ereto precoce com e sem controle de doenças foliares

Bragantia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
IGNÁCIO JOSÉ DE GODOY ◽  
SÉRGIO ALMEIDA DE MORAES ◽  
ANDREA ROCHA ALMEIDA DE MORAES ◽  
FRANCISCO SEIITI KASAI ◽  
ANTONIO LÚCIO MELLO MARTINS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Avaliaram-se o potencial produtivo, o rendimento de grãos após descascamento e a massa de grãos de onze linhagens de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) do programa de melhoramento do Instituto Agronômico e da cultivar IAC-Tatu-ST, com e sem controle de doenças foliares. O material genético classifica-se no grupo ereto precoce (A. hypogaea subsp. fastigiata, Waldron). Seis experimentos foram desenvolvidos na época das águas, no Núcleo de Agronomia da Alta Mogiana e na Estação Experimental de Agronomia de Pindorama, em 1994/95, 1995/96 e 1996/97, em esquema com duas parcelas subdivididas, em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, em que as parcelas principais consistiram em tratamentos com e sem o controle químico das doenças. As parcelas tratadas foram pulverizadas periodicamente com 3,0 L.ha-1 do fungicida chlorothalonil para controle da mancha-castanha e da mancha-preta (Cercospora arachidicola e Cercosporidium personatum) e da verrugose (Sphaceloma arachidis). A ausência de controle químico resultou em significativas reduções, até de 60%, na produção de todos os genótipos. Com as doenças controladas, as linhagens IAC 5, IAC 21, IAC 22 e IAC 81-12 apresentaram maior potencial produtivo, atingindo 5.000 kg.ha-1 em dois dos experimentos. As linhagens IAC 81-7 e IAC 88-1 apresentaram os melhores desempenhos relativos entre as médias de ambientes com e sem controle químico. As doenças causaram reduções até de 14% no peso médio dos grãos, sobretudo nas linhagens IAC 5, IAC 21 e IAC 22, cujos grãos são de maior tamanho médio. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas em rendimento de grãos entre os tratamentos, na maioria dos ambientes; essa característica mostrou, também, ser pouco influenciada pela presença das doenças.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document