Sources of COmplement in Meningococcal and Pertussis Serum Bactericidal Antibody Assays

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Bactericidal Antibody

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Bactericidal Antibody Assays forHaemophilus influenzaeSerotype a

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine G. Rouphael ◽  
Sarah Satola ◽  
Monica M. Farley ◽  
Karen Rudolph ◽  
Daniel S. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Alaskan Native ◽  
Serum Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Aboriginal Populations ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Bactericidal Antibody

ABSTRACTHaemophilus influenzaetype a (Hia) is an important pathogen for some American Indian, Alaskan native, and Northern Canada aboriginal populations. Assays to measure serum bactericidal activity (SBA) to Hia have not been developed or validated. Here, we describe two methods for the measurement of SBA: SBA with a viability endpoint (CFU counts) and SBA with a fluorometric endpoint using alamarBlue as the metabolic indicator. Both SBA assays measure Hia-specific functional antibody and correlate with anti-Hia IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) concentration of naturally acquired antibodies.

Meningococcal Serogroup A, B, C, W, X, and Y Serum Bactericidal Antibody Assays

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Lucidarme ◽  
Jennifer Louth ◽  
Kelly Townsend-Payne ◽  
Ray Borrow
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Bactericidal Antibody

Serum bactericidal antibody assays – The role of complement in infection and immunity

Vaccine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (36) ◽  
pp. 4414-4421 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D.G. McIntosh ◽  
M. Bröker ◽  
J. Wassil ◽  
J.A. Welsch ◽  
R. Borrow
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Bactericidal Antibody

scholarly journals Population (Antibody) Testing for COVID-19—Technical Challenges, Application and Relevance, an English Perspective

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Peter A. C. Maple
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
The Uk

In the UK, population virus or antibody testing using virus swabs, serum samples, blood spots or oral fluids has been performed to a limited extent for several diseases including measles, mumps, rubella and hepatitis and HIV. The collection of population-based infection and immunity data is key to the monitoring of disease prevalence and assessing the effectiveness of interventions such as behavioural modifications and vaccination. In particular, the biological properties of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its interaction with the human host have presented several challenges towards the development of population-based immunity testing. Measuring SARS-CoV-2 immunity requires the development of antibody assays of acceptable sensitivity and specificity which are capable of accurately detecting seroprevalence and differentiating protection from non-protective responses. Now that anti-COVID-19 vaccines are becoming available there is a pressing need to measure vaccine efficacy and the development of herd immunity. The unprecedented impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the UK in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic and social disruption has mobilized a national scientific effort to learn more about this virus. In this article, the challenges of testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in relation to population-based immunity testing, will be considered and examples given of relevant national level studies.

scholarly journals The identification of novel immunogenic antigens as potential Shigella vaccine components

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruklanthi de Alwis ◽  
Li Liang ◽  
Omid Taghavian ◽  
Emma Werner ◽  
Hao Chung The ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Genome ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Vaccine Antigens ◽  
Bactericidal Antibody ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Shigella is a major diarrheal pathogen for which there is presently no vaccine. Whole genome sequencing provides the ability to predict and derive novel antigens for use as vaccines. Here, we aimed to identify novel immunogenic Shigella antigens that could serve as Shigella vaccine candidates, either alone, or when conjugated to Shigella O-antigen. Methods Using a reverse vaccinology approach, where genomic analysis informed the Shigella immunome via an antigen microarray, we aimed to identify novel immunogenic Shigella antigens. A core genome analysis of Shigella species, pathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, led to the selection of 234 predicted immunogenic Shigella antigens. These antigens were expressed and probed with acute and convalescent serum from microbiologically confirmed Shigella infections. Results Several Shigella antigens displayed IgG and IgA seroconversion, with no difference in sero-reactivity across by sex or age. IgG sero-reactivity to key Shigella antigens was observed at birth, indicating transplacental antibody transfer. Six antigens (FepA, EmrK, FhuA, MdtA, NlpB, and CjrA) were identified in in vivo testing as capable of producing binding IgG and complement-mediated bactericidal antibody. Conclusions These findings provide six novel immunogenic Shigella proteins that could serve as candidate vaccine antigens, species-specific carrier proteins, or targeted adjuvants.

scholarly journals Evaluating Functional Immunity Following Encapsulated Bacterial Infection and Vaccination

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Zheng Quan Toh ◽  
Rachel A. Higgins ◽  
Nadia Mazarakis ◽  
Elysia Abbott ◽  
Jordan Nathanielsz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Functional Immunity ◽  
Accurate Comparison ◽  
Encapsulated Bacteria ◽  
Functional Antibodies

Encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis cause significant morbidity and mortality in young children despite the availability of vaccines. Highly specific antibodies are the primary mechanism of protection against invasive disease. Robust and standardised assays that measure functional antibodies are also necessary for vaccine evaluation and allow for the accurate comparison of data between clinical studies. This mini review describes the current state of functional antibody assays and their importance in measuring protective immunity.

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