Risk Factors of Shoulder Injuries in Youth Volleyball Players

Context: Shoulder injuries are highly prevalent in sports involving the upper extremity. Some risk factors have been identified in the literature, but consensus is still lacking. Objectives: To identify risk factors of overuse shoulder injury in overhead athletes, as described in the literature. Data Sources: A systematic review of the literature from the years 1970 to 2018 was performed using 2 electronic databases: PubMed and Scopus. Study Selection: Prospective studies, written in English, that described at least 1 risk factor associated with overuse shoulder injuries in overhead sports (volleyball, handball, basketball, swimming, water polo, badminton, baseball, and tennis) were considered for analysis. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Data were extracted from 25 studies. Study methodology quality was evaluated using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score. Results: Intrinsic factors, previous injury, range of motion (lack or excess), and rotator cuff weakness (isometric and isokinetic) highly increase the risk of future injuries. Additionally, years of athletic practice, body mass index, sex, age, and level of play seem to have modest influence. As for the effect of scapular dysfunction on shoulder injuries, it is still controversial, though these are typically linked. Extrinsic factors, field position, condition of practice (match/training), time of season, and training load also have influence on the occurrence of shoulder injuries. Conclusion: Range of motion, rotator cuff muscle weakness, and training load are important modifiable factors associated with shoulder injuries. Scapular dysfunction may also have influence. The preventive approach for shoulder injury should focus on these factors.

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Risk factors for, and prevention of, shoulder injuries in overhead sports: a systematic review with best-evidence synthesis

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2017-098254 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (20) ◽

pp. 1312-1319 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Martin Asker ◽

Hannah L Brooke ◽

Markus Waldén ◽

Ulrika Tranaeus ◽

Fredrik Johansson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Injury Prevention ◽

Evidence Synthesis ◽

Shoulder Injuries ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Shoulder Injury ◽

Limited Evidence ◽

Best Evidence Synthesis ◽

Overhead Sports

ObjectiveTo assess the evidence for risk factors and prevention measures for shoulder injuries in overhead sports.DesignSystematic review with best-evidence synthesis.Data sourcesMedline (Ovid), PubMed (complementary search), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane (Wiley), SPORTDiscus (Ebsco) and Web of Science Core Collection (Thomson Reuters), from 1 January 1990 to 15 May 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised controlled trials, cohort studies and case-control studies on risk factors or prevention measures for shoulder injuries in overhead sports. The eligible studies were quality assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria.ResultsOf 4778 studies identified, 38 were eligible for quality review and 17 met the quality criteria to be included in the evidence synthesis. One additional quality study presented a shoulder injury prevention programme. Most studies focused on baseball, lacrosse or volleyball (n=13). The risk factors examined included participation level (competition vs training) (n=10), sex (n=4), biomechanics (n=2) and external workload (n=2). The evidence for all risk factors was limited or conflicting. The effect of the prevention programme within the subgroup of uninjured players at baseline was modest and possibly lacked statistical power.ConclusionsAll investigated potential risk factors for shoulder injury in overhead sports had limited evidence, and most were non-modifiable (eg, sex). There is also limited evidence for the effect of shoulder injury prevention measures in overhead sports.PROSPERO trial registration numberCRD42015026850.

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226 Injuries in youth volleyball players at a national championship competition: incidence, risk factors and mechanism of injury

10.1136/bjsports-2021-ioc.208 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kenzie Vaandering ◽

Derek Meeuwisse ◽

Kerry J MacDonald ◽

Paul H Eliason ◽

Robert F Graham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mechanism Of Injury ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Incidence Risk

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Anthropometric risk factors for patellar tendon injury among volleyball players * COMMENTARY

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsm.2006.030049 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 259-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

P Malliaras ◽

J L Cook ◽

P M Kent ◽

H. Alfredson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Patellar Tendon ◽

Tendon Injury ◽

Volleyball Players

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Are muscle weakness and stiffness risk factors of the development of rotator cuff tendinopathy in overhead athletes: a systematic review

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease ◽

10.1177/20406223211026178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 204062232110261

Author(s):

Cheuk-Kin Kwan ◽

Man-Chi Ko ◽

Sai-Chuen Fu ◽

Hio-Teng Leong ◽

Samuel Ka-Kin Ling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Rotator Cuff ◽

Muscle Weakness ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Shoulder Injuries ◽

Limited Evidence ◽

Overhead Athletes ◽

Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy

Background: Underlying muscle weakness and stiffness may increase the risk of developing rotator cuff tendinopathy. This systematic review aims to assess existing prospective studies to summarize whether muscle weakness and stiffness are risk factors for the development of rotator cuff tendinopathy in overhead athletes. Methods: A systematic search was performed using PRISMA guidelines. Prospective studies measuring muscle strength or stiffness and the incidence of rotator cuff tendinopathy were included. Quality assessment was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Results: The search yielded six studies, with a total of 523 trained overhead athletes followed up for one season. External rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) strength were described as protective factors against the development of rotator cuff tendinopathy. Athletes who did not sustain shoulder injuries had statistically stronger eccentric IR ( p < 0.01) and ER ( p < 0.05) strength in the pre-season assessment. Muscle stiffness indicated by limited range of motion of <106° for shoulder ER was described as a risk factor with an odds ratio of 1.12 ( p < 0.001). Imbalance between ER and IR strength was reported as risk factors for shoulder injuries in two studies, with a relative risk of 2.57 ( p < 0.05) reported in one study. Supraspinatus weakness was also reported as a risk factor for shoulder injuries in one study. Conclusion: Limited evidence support ER, IR weakness, limited ER range of motion, and very limited evidence support imbalance in ER/IR strength, and supraspinatus weakness as risk factors for rotator cuff tendinopathy in overhead athletes. No existing studies investigated the general population on this topic. Future cohort studies may improve on existing evidence with investigations on the general public, a longer follow-up time, clearly documented injury history, and a stringent diagnosis to rotator cuff tendinopathy.

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Risk Factors for Elbow and Shoulder Injuries in Adolescent Baseball Players: A Systematic Review

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546518760573 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 982-990 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ryan Norton ◽

Christopher Honstad ◽

Rajat Joshi ◽

Matthew Silvis ◽

Vernon Chinchilli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Risk Factor ◽

External Rotation ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Shoulder Injuries ◽

Baseball Players ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Arm Injuries ◽

Independent Risk Factors

Background: The incidence of shoulder and elbow injuries among adolescent baseball players is on the rise. These injuries may lead to surgery or retirement at a young age. Purpose: To identify independent risk factors for elbow and shoulder injuries in adolescent baseball players. A secondary aim was to determine whether the literature supports the Major League Baseball and USA Baseball Pitch Smart guidelines. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines utilizing MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Because of study heterogeneity, a quantitative synthesis was not performed. A qualitative review was performed on 19 independent risk factors for elbow and shoulder injuries in adolescent baseball players. Level of evidence was assigned per the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group, and risk of bias was graded per the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Twenty-two articles met criteria for inclusion. Of the 19 independent variables that were analyzed, age, height, playing for multiple teams, pitch velocity, and arm fatigue were found to be independent risk factors for throwing arm injuries. Pitches per game appears to be a risk factor for shoulder injuries. Seven independent variables (innings pitched per game, showcase participation, games per year, training days per week, pitch type, shoulder external rotation, and shoulder total range of motion) do not appear to be significant risk factors. The data were inconclusive for the remaining 6 variables (weight, months of pitching per year, innings or pitches per year, catching, shoulder horizontal adduction, and glenohumeral internal rotation deficit). Conclusion: The results from this study demonstrate that age, height, playing for multiple teams, pitch velocity, and arm fatigue are clear risk factors for throwing arm injuries in adolescent baseball players. Pitches per game appears to be a risk factor for shoulder injuries. Other variables are either inconclusive or do not appear to be specific risk factors for injuries.

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Risk factors for patellar tendinopathy in volleyball players: a cross-sectional study

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsm.2011.084558.9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 536-536

Author(s):

H. van der Worp ◽

M. van Ark ◽

J. Zwerver ◽

I. van den Akker-Scheek

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Patellar Tendinopathy ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Volleyball Players

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Reduced glenohumeral rotation, external rotation weakness and scapular dyskinesis are risk factors for shoulder injuries among elite male handball players: a prospective cohort study

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2014-093702 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (17) ◽

pp. 1327-1333 ◽

Cited By ~ 136

Author(s):

Benjamin Clarsen ◽

Roald Bahr ◽

Stig Haugsboe Andersson ◽

Rikke Munk ◽

Grethe Myklebust

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

External Rotation ◽

Scapular Dyskinesis ◽

Shoulder Injuries

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Correlation of scapulothoracic muscle strength and functional activity in volleyball players

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20204472 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 447

Author(s):

Sailee Vikas Rajwatkar ◽

Manish Mukund Ray ◽

Ashok Shyam ◽

Parag K. Sancheti

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Functional Activity ◽

High Speed ◽

P Value ◽

Shoulder Injuries ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Functional Activities ◽

High Incidence ◽

Volleyball Players

Background: Volleyball is the game in which upper extremities are mostly involved. This game needs repeated forceful high-speed upper limb activities required during training sessions and matches; which are reported to high incidence of shoulder injuries. This study is to correlate scapulothoracic muscle strength and functional activity in volleyball players.Methods: Study is cross sectional; correlational study was done with convenient sampling. Sample size was 55. Subjects were selected from all over Pune. Scapulothoracic muscles strength was measured (using the handheld dynamometer) in volleyball players which fitted in the inclusion and exclusion criteria and filled disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scale by every participant included in study. Correlated evaluated data using spearman rho method.Results: Study shows that all muscle carry good strength. Statistical analysis shows no significance, p value for all tested muscle is (p>0.05). Also DASH scale shows lesser score which indicates lesser difficulty to do functional activities.Conclusions: This study proves that there is no correlation between scapulothoracic muscle strength and functional activity in volleyball players.

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