scholarly journals Application of Granular Reasoning for Epistemic Situation Calculus

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-777
Author(s):  
Yotaro NAKAYAMA ◽  
Seiki AKAMA ◽  
Tetsuya MURAI
Keyword(s):  
Situation Calculus ◽  
Epistemic Situation

Sensor fusion in the epistemic situation calculus

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-887
Author(s):  
Christoph Schwering ◽  
Tim Niemueller ◽  
Gerhard Lakemeyer ◽  
Nichola Abdo ◽  
Wolfram Burgard
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Fusion ◽  
Situation Calculus ◽  
Epistemic Situation

scholarly journals Belief revision and projection in the epistemic situation calculus

2017 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 62-97
Author(s):  
Christoph Schwering ◽  
Gerhard Lakemeyer ◽  
Maurice Pagnucco
Keyword(s):  
Belief Revision ◽  
Situation Calculus ◽  
Epistemic Situation

Dyadic Obligations over Complex Actions as Deontic Constraints in the Situation Calculus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Claßen ◽  
James Delgrande
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deontic Logic ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Situation Calculus ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Planning Techniques ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Reasoning About Action ◽  
The Given

With the advent of artificial agents in everyday life, it is important that these agents are guided by social norms and moral guidelines. Notions of obligation, permission, and the like have traditionally been studied in the field of Deontic Logic, where deontic assertions generally refer to what an agent should or should not do; that is they refer to actions. In Artificial Intelligence, the Situation Calculus is (arguably) the best known and most studied formalism for reasoning about action and change. In this paper, we integrate these two areas by incorporating deontic notions into Situation Calculus theories. We do this by considering deontic assertions as constraints, expressed as a set of conditionals, which apply to complex actions expressed as GOLOG programs. These constraints induce a ranking of "ideality" over possible future situations. This ranking in turn is used to guide an agent in its planning deliberation, towards a course of action that adheres best to the deontic constraints. We present a formalization that includes a wide class of (dyadic) deontic assertions, lets us distinguish prima facie from all-things-considered obligations, and particularly addresses contrary-to-duty scenarios. We furthermore present results on compiling the deontic constraints directly into the Situation Calculus action theory, so as to obtain an agent that respects the given norms, but works solely based on the standard reasoning and planning techniques.

Narrative Empathie und der ethische Wert der Perspektiveneinnahme

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schmetkamp
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Epistemic Situation ◽  
Fictional Character ◽  
Moral Value

Narrative Empathie liegt dann vor, wenn der empathische Nachvollzugsprozess der (emotionalen, epistemischen) Situationen anderer Personen oder fiktiver Figuren durch ein Narrativ, das heißt eine sinnzusammenhängende Erzählung, ausgelöst und strukturiert wird. Der Aufsatz knüpft an den phänomenologischen Ansatz von Empathie als direkte Wahrnehmung an, vertritt aber die These, dass gerade bei Narrativen die Imagination und die Perspektiveneinnahme hinzukommen müssen, damit retrospektiv, prospektiv oder gegenwärtig die Situation des Anderen und seiner individuellen Perspektive vergegenwärtigt und verstanden werden kann. Der narrativen Empathie wird ein indirekter ethischer Wert zugeschrieben: Durch das empathisch anschauliche Anteilnehmen am Narrativ des Anderen und einen damit verbundenen Perspektivwechsel können auch unsere eigenen Perspektiven erweitert werden; dies kann zu besserem Verständnis ungewohnter Sichtweisen führen und moralische Gefühle und Handlungen motivieren. Narrative empathy is the complex re-presentation of an (emotional, epistemic) situation of another person or a fictional character by means of a narrative, which is a structured and perspectively colored context of meaning. The paper sympathizes with the phenomenological approach of empathy as direct perception though at the same time arguing that in cases of (literary, filmic, dramatic) narratives imagination and perspective-taking is also needed in order to be able to comprehend and to understand the other’s situation retrospectively, prospectively or at present. According to the author, narrative empathy has an indirect moral value: the vivid empathetic participation in the other’s narrative and the process of perspective-taking can help to broaden one’s horizons; this can lead to a better understanding of unfamiliar and other worldviews and motivate moral emotions and actions.

Blame and Moral Ignorance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Sher
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Situation ◽  
Moral Ignorance ◽  
Moral Principles

People can be mistaken either about the truth of the moral principles they accept or about the rightness of their actions. Can they legitimately be blamed for acting wrongly when they know what they are doing but don’t know that it is wrong? This chapter argues that the answer is sometimes “yes,” but that whether blame is appropriate in any given case depends on certain facts about the actor’s epistemic situation. The aims of the chapter are to establish, first, that a morally ignorant wrongdoer’s epistemic circumstances do have a bearing on that person’s culpability, but, second, that giving content to this familiar view is far harder than is generally appreciated.

La narrazione come nuova sintesi di fare-cultura

2012 ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Francesca Pulvirenti
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Situation ◽  
Living World ◽  
The Road ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
Narrative Thinking ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Feminist Discourse

In this paper we outline the boundaries of a new epistemology in which female narration and code overlap with the role of narrativity and complexity in contemporary research, as Paradigms of Transversality. In postmodernity, narrativity emerges as the contextualization of knowledge and complexity utters itself as its current epistemic statute. Knowledges are located in the ‘living world' and as such they should be understood narratively. Narrative, then, goes from being ‘external history' to an increasingly ‘internal paradigm' of knowledge, one that is always (and totally) intertwined with ‘narrative thinking'. Female knowledge finds its right place in this epistemic situation, and the epistemological and philosophical reflections - highlighted by the introduction of the category of gender - allow feminist discourse to state the systematic asymmetry between women and men; in effect, the latter, despite acting on all levels and in all moments of social and cultural life, has no ultimate foundational cause, since gender is a historical construct, and therefore modifiable. In this feminist path, narrative therefore presents itself as a declaration of existence, of being woman and being man, which rests on the cultural as well as the biological. Women and men make up a discursive intrigue, which is peripatetic and adventurous, an interdependent complexity. This narrative reveals our narrative webs and introduces us to an interactive universalism that sets the relational dimension as constitutive of individuals, groups, cultures and identities. The task of education thus is to open the road, through reflexive practices, to different ways of living, centred on personal experiences, and therefore narrative knowledge, in order to enable man and woman to learn to reveal themselves, to think and think of themselves, to tell and tell themselves, to insert themselves into networks of dialogue, so to build sites for innovation and reflexivity and open ‘thresholds' and ‘meeting places' to ‘do-culture'.

A Situation Calculus based approach to Cognitive Modelling for Responding to IoT Cyberattacks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpinder Kaur Chouhan ◽  
Liming Chen ◽  
Tazar Hussain ◽  
Alfie Beard
Keyword(s):  
Situation Calculus ◽  
Cognitive Modelling

scholarly journals Knowledge representation for missing persons investigations

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
Mark Taylor ◽  
Denis Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Situation Calculus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Investigation Process ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This paper aims to present the application of situation calculus for knowledge representation in missing persons investigations. Design/methodology/approach The development of a knowledge representation model for the missing persons investigation process based upon situation calculus, with a demonstration of the use of the model for a missing persons example case. Findings Situation calculus is valuable for knowledge representation for missing persons investigations, as such investigations have state changes over time, and due to the complexity of the differing investigation activities applicable to different situations, can be difficult to represent using simpler approaches such as tables or flowcharts. Research limitations/implications Situation calculus modelling for missing persons investigations adds formalism to the process beyond that which can be afforded by the current use of text, tables or flowcharts. The additional formalism is useful in dealing with the uncertainty present in such investigations. Practical implications The implications are a simplification of the application of the current police guidelines, and thoroughness in the application of such guidelines for missing persons investigations via situation calculus modelling. Social implications This paper supports the management of missing person investigations, by using the most critical variables in a missing persons investigation to determine relevant investigation and search activities applicable to the circumstances of a given case. Originality/value The novelty of the knowledge representation approach is the application of situation calculus via state and action vectors and a matrix of fluents to the process of missing persons investigations.

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