scholarly journals Transdermal diffusion of xenon from lipophilic solution of capric triglyceride and from water

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Collin Jared ◽  
Diego Luis ◽  
Jonathan Noah ◽  
Benjamin Dylan
Keyword(s):  
Phase Boundary ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Permeability Coefficient ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Franz Diffusion Cells ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Aim: The purpose of the study was to characterize transdermal delivery of xenon through rat skin from a lipophilic solution and from water. Methods: Sections of skin were obtained from adult rats (n=12) and were placed into static Franz diffusion cells for 24 h. Xenon diffusion coefficients were determined for diffusion from a lipophilic solution (n=6) and from water (n=6) to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) through skin and for diffusion from a lipophilic solution to PBS through a phase boundary in the absence of skin (n=6). Results: Xenon flux (JXe) through skin from the lipophilic solution was 0.036 mg/hour×cm2 and permeability coefficient (Kp) was 0.003 cm/h; JXe through skin from water was 0.029 mg/h×cm2 and the Kp was 0.002 cm/h. Total time for xenon diffusion through skin from lipophilic solution and from water was ~2 h. Conclusion: The study presents the first characterization of xenon diffusion through rat skin from multiphase solutions to PBS. These data may be useful for the development of xenon-rich pharmaceutical products for external use.

scholarly journals Formulation and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and nanoemulsion of lornoxicam for transdermal delivery

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ümit Gönüllü ◽  
Melike Üner ◽  
Gülgün Yener ◽  
Ecem Fatma Karaman ◽  
Zeynep Aydoğmuş
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
Drug Penetration ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Drug Diffusion ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions

Abstract Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and nanoemulsion (NE) of lornoxicam (LRX) were prepared for the treatment of painful and inflammatory conditions of the skin. Compritol® 888 ATO, Lanette® O and oleic acid were used as solid and liquid lipids. SLN, NLC and NE were found physically stable at various temperatures for 6 months. Case I diffusional drug release was detected as the dominant mechanism indicating Fickian drug diffusion from nanoparticles and nanoemulsion. The highest rate of drug penetration through rat skin was obtained with NE followed by NLC, SLN and a gel formulation. Nanoformulations significantly increased drug penetration through rat skin compared to the gel (p < 0.05). Thus, SLN, NLC and NE of LRX can be suggested for relieving painful and inflammatory conditions of the skin

A Simple, Green and Fast Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method for the Carbamide Peroxide Determination in Dental Whitening Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Fabiana Vieira Lima ◽  
Aline Farias ◽  
Cassiana Mendes ◽  
Simone Gonçalves Cardoso ◽  
Marcos Antônio Segatto Silva
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Reference Solution ◽  
Iodometric Titration ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Ultraviolet Detection ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Dental Whitening

Background: The carbamide peroxide is the most commonly active ingredient used for home dental whitening products, its quantification in pharmaceutical products is of extreme importance due to the relation with the products potency and the previously related low carbamide peroxide stability. Once, there is only one official carbamide peroxide determination based on iodometric titration, this method is time-consuming and generates a lot of residues. The aim of this study was to carry out development and validation of a simple and fast ultraviolet spectrophotometer assay to quantify an innovative dental whitening gel. Methods: The proposed method was validated according international conference on harmonization guideline. Procedure is based on the iodide/iodine redox chemistry; iodine released through the action of hydrogen peroxide of carbamide peroxide with ultraviolet detection at 350 nm. Results: The procedure was linear in the concentration range of 1.0-4.0 µg/mL, specific to the excipients, robust for the evaluated parameters (variation of wavelength (± 5 nm); reagent addition (± 10%)), showing the results of RSD 1.88 and 0.39% respectively. Repeatability precision was RSD = 1.42%, with accurate RSD = 2.15% by adding reference solution. The assay used only water as solvent for sample preparation. In comparison to the pharmacopeial method, the latter is more time-consuming, as it generates a lot of residues, and it could not quantify small CP dosages. Conclusion: Thus, the proposed method was proved to be suitable to determine carbamide peroxide during the development and characterization of nanoparticle formulations in the present study.

scholarly journals Size-Tunable Paclitaxel Nanoparticles Stabilized by Anionic Phospholipids for Transdermal Delivery Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1990068
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Uchida ◽  
Masayoshi Yanagi ◽  
Hiroki Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Composite Nanoparticles ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Anionic Phospholipid ◽  
Anionic Phospholipids ◽  
Subsequent Heating

Composite nanoparticles composed of an anionic phospholipid of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylglycerol (DPPG) and paclitaxel (PTX) were successfully prepared by mixing them in water followed by a subsequent heating/cooling process. The size of DPPG-PTX nanoparticle could be easily tuned by ultrasonic fragmentation. Upon addition of small-sized fluorescently labeled paclitaxel (FLPTX) nanoparticles with DPPG (DPPG-FLPTX) to rat skin tissue, part of the FLPTX molecules permeated to the stratum corneum.

Development and characterization of nano-emulsions and nano-emulgels for transdermal delivery of statins

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mduduzi N. Sithole ◽  
Suzanne Marais ◽  
Sumari M. Maree ◽  
Lissinda H. Du Plessis ◽  
Jeanetta Du Plessis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery
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