Larval and juvenile development of the Iceland cockle Ciliatocardium ciliatum (Fabricius, 1780) (Bivalvia: Cardiidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 324 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-251
Author(s):  
L.P. Flyachinskaya ◽  
P.A. Lezin
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Position ◽  
Larval Shell ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Blade Shape ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Structures ◽  
Juvenile Development ◽  
Concentric Structure

The paper considers the development of Ciliatocardium ciliatum from the stage of straight hinge to juvenile. In the White Sea the spawning of C. ciliatum begins at the end of June, larvae at different stages of development occur in plankton until the end of September. The earliest of the larvae found had shell lengths of 123–130 µm. The paper first examined the anatomy and structure of the larval shell of C. ciliatum. During the development, the main stages of organogenesis were described and special attention was paid to the formation of the digestive and muscular systems. The digestive system begins to function when the larva reaches a size of 170–180 µm. The digestive gland has a two-blade shape and is shifted to the right side. The foot is formed at a size of 230 µm, the gill rudiments appear when the larva reaches 270 µm. The development of the larval shell and larval hinge of the mollusc is considered in detail. The development of the larval shell of C. ciliatum is similar to the development of other family members. Throughout all the larval stages, the shell has a rounded shape with a low umbos, and the prodissoconch II has a clearly visible concentric structure. The C. ciliatum larval hinge is characterized by weak differentiation and the absence of pronounced cardinal teeth typical for other Cardiidae. However, the lateral structures of the castle – ridges and flanges – are well developed. The ligament begins to form at a size of 240–250 µm and occupies a lateral position. The settlement of the cockle takes place in September in the subtidal zone. After the metamorphosis, a large radial sculpture is formed on the dissoconch and a number of small spikes are formed at the rib of the posterior shoulder.

Larval and juvenile development of the doughboy scallop, Chlamys (Chlamys) asperrimus (Lamarck) (Mollusca : Pectinidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Rose ◽  
TG Dix
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Hinge Line ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Juvenile Development ◽  
Early Larvae

Planktotrophic larvae of C. asperrimus were reared from zygotes with a mean diameter of 61.5�m. The smallest straight-hinged larval shell was 80�m long, and slightly protruding umbones were formed 6 days after fertilization. The length (L) and height (H) relationship of larval shells was described by the allometric growth curve H = 0.309 L1 203. Provincular structure of 13-day-old larval shells was simple and there were nine taxodontal teeth per valve, four at one end of the hinge line and five at the other end. Eye spots were conspicuous and common in pediveligers 160-220�m long. Metamorphosis occurred 20-22 days after fertilization at 17-18�C when larvae were 190�m or longer. Larvae settled on monofilament nylon collectors. Newly settled juveniles developed a distinctive byssal notch on the right valve but attachment by byssal threads was never permanent. The small size of eggs and early larvae and allometric growth of prodissoconch II shells are the most significant characteristics distinguishing the larval stages of C. asperrimus from other pectinids in Tasmanian waters.

scholarly journals Morphology of the larval shell of three oyster species of the genus Crassostrea Sacco, 1897 (Bivalvia: Ostreidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
SW. Christo ◽  
TM. Absher ◽  
G. Boehs
Keyword(s):  
Larval Shell ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Larval Phase ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Oyster Species ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
The Right

In this study we describe the morphology of the larval shell of three oyster species of Crassostrea genus. Two species, C. rhizophorae and C. brasiliana, are native to the Brazilian coast, and C. gigas is an introduced species. Samples of laboratory reared larvae, obtained through artificial fertilisation, were collected at intervals during the cultivation process for analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Prodissoconch morphology was observed in relation to the presence, position, form and number of teeth in the three larval stages: D-shaped larva, umbo larva and pediveliger. Characteristic of D-shaped larvae of C. rhizophorae was the total absence of teeth in the provinculum area while C. brasiliana and C. gigas had two anterior and two posterior teeth in each valve. In the umbo larval phase, the three species had the same number of teeth in each valve: two posterior and two anterior teeth in the right valve and three posterior and three anterior in the left valve. In the pediveliger stage the three species could be differentiated by the number of anterior teeth of the right valve: C. rhizophorae had two teeth, C. brasiliana one tooth and C. gigas three teeth.

Hypotension in the Right Lateral Position Secondary to Inferior Vena Cava Abnormality

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 103-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith J. H. Hutton ◽  
Ganesh Swamy ◽  
Kelly Shinkaruk ◽  
Kaylene Duttchen
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena Cava ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Chronology of the Swords with Ring Pommel from the Maeotian Sites on the Right Bank of Kuban River

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-182
Author(s):  
Natalya Limberis ◽  
◽  
Ivan Marchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blade Shape ◽  
Kuban River ◽  
The Right

The article focuses on the chronological analysis of the Maeotian burials, which contained ring-topped swords. Nowadays, there is a wide range of dating of this type of weapon starting from the 1st century BC until the 2nd century AD. Recently, as a result of new excavations, the collection of swords of this type extracted from the Maeotian sites on the right bank of the Kuban river has increased significantly, and it has become possible to clarify their chronology in the region. There were found two types of swords and daggers with a ring pommel (62 pieces): I – with a straight barshaped cross-guards; II – no cross-guards. There are also 2 types of blade shape. Swords with a bar-shaped (45 pieces) prevail quantitatively as a result of those excavations. Swords of this type were discovered only in the necropolis of the Spornoye settlement. On the contrary, there was only a single dagger of type II among 11 swords found at the Elizavetinskaya cemetery No. 2. Most of the well-dated assemblages come from the cemeries of the Spornoye, Starokorsunskaya No. 2 and Elizavetinskaya No. 2 settlements. Only two swords are classified as the earliest pieces, which can be referred to the first half of the 1st century BC, according to the accompanying inventory. Another 8 assemblages are dated around the 1st century BC. It is typical of burials containing swords of the 1st century AD to show the presence of fibulae (“Aucissa” type, enamel-less hinged type, etc.), glass cast skyphos and other dating objects, which help to specify the chronology of the assemblages in many cases. Five burials belong to the first half of the 1st century AD, other 11 burials are dated back to the second half of the 1st century AD. The chronology of the rest assemblages is questionable, but only a few burials can be dated to the beginning – the first half of the 2nd сentury AD. The swords with ring pommel of the Maeotians from the right Kuban bank prevail in the period from the 1st century BC – the beginning of the 2nd century AD. The latter, most probably indicates that this type of swords with s straight cross-guard was borrowed from the Sarmatians.

Advantage of the Right Lateral Position Compared with the Lithotomy Position during the Perineal Procedure in Abdominoperineal Resection

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Iwamura ◽  
Masayuki Hotokezaka ◽  
Tada-aki Eto ◽  
Tomotaka Taniguchi ◽  
Kazuo Chijiiwa
Keyword(s):  
Abdominoperineal Resection ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Lithotomy Position ◽  
The Right

Impairments in Prehension Produced by Early Postnatal Sensory Motor Cortex Activity Blockade

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 895-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Martin ◽  
Laura Donarummo ◽  
Antony Hacking
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
End Point ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Impaired Limb ◽  
The Right

This study examined the effects of blocking neural activity in sensory motor cortex during early postnatal development on prehension. We infused muscimol, either unilaterally or bilaterally, into the sensory motor cortex of cats to block activity continuously between postnatal weeks 3–7. After stopping infusion, we trained animals to reach and grasp a cube of meat and tested behavior thereafter. Animals that had not received muscimol infusion (unilateral saline infusion; age-matched) reached for the meat accurately with small end-point errors. They grasped the meat using coordinated digit flexion followed by forearm supination on 82.7% of trials. Performance using either limb did not differ significantly. In animals receiving unilateral muscimol infusion, reaching and grasping using the limb ipsilateral to the infusion were similar to controls. The limb contralateral to infusion showed significant increases in systematic and variable reaching end-point errors, often requiring subsequent corrective movements to contact the meat. Grasping occurred on only 14.8% of trials, replaced on most trials by raking without distal movements. Compensatory adjustments in reach length and angle, to maintain end-point accuracy as movements were started from a more lateral position, were less effective using the contralateral limb than ipsilateral limb. With bilateral inactivations, the form of reaching and grasping impairments was identical to that produced by unilateral inactivation, but the magnitude of the reaching impairments was less. We discuss these results in terms of the differential effects of unilateral and bilateral inactivation on corticospinal tract development. We also investigated the degree to which these prehension impairments after unilateral blockade reflect control by each hemisphere. In animals that had received unilateral blockade between postnatal weeks (PWs) 3 and 7, we silenced on-going activity (after PW 11) during task performance using continuous muscimol infusion. We inactivated the right (previously active) and then the left (previously silenced) sensory motor cortex. Inactivation of the ipsilateral (right) sensory motor cortex produced a further increase in systematic error and less frequent normal grasping. Reinactivation of the contralateral (left) cortex produced larger increases in reaching and grasping impairments than those produced by ipsilateral inactivation. This suggests that the impaired limb receives bilateral sensory motor cortex control but that control by the contralateral (initially silenced) cortex predominates. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the normal development of skilled motor behavior requires activity in sensory motor cortex during early postnatal life.

Expiratory flow limitation and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in obesity

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1236-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Pankow ◽  
T. Podszus ◽  
T. Gutheil ◽  
T. Penzel ◽  
J.-H. Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supine Position ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Flow Limitation ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Expiratory Flow Limitation ◽  
Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
The Right

Breathing at very low lung volumes might be affected by decreased expiratory airflow and air trapping. Our purpose was to detect expiratory flow limitation (EFL) and, as a consequence, intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) in grossly obese subjects (OS). Eight OS with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 44 ± 5 kg/m2 and six age-matched normal-weight control subjects (CS) were studied in different body positions. Negative expiratory pressure (NEP) was used to determine EFL. In contrast to CS, EFL was found in two of eight OS in the upright position and in seven of eight OS in the supine position. Dynamic PEEPi and mean transdiaphragmatic pressure (mean Pdi) were measured in all six CS and in six of eight OS. In OS, PEEPi increased from 0.14 ± 0.06 (SD) kPa in the upright position to 0.41 ± 0.11 kPa in the supine position ( P < 0.05) and decreased to 0.20 ± 0.08 kPa in the right lateral position ( P < 0.05, compared with supine), whereas, in CS, PEEPi was significantly smaller (<0.05 kPa) in each position. In OS, mean Pdi in each position was significantly larger compared with CS. Mean Pdi increased from 1.02 ± 0.32 kPa in the upright position to 1.26 ± 0.17 kPa in the supine position (not significant) and decreased to 1.06 ± 0.26 kPa in the right lateral position ( P < 0.05, compared with supine), whereas there were no significant changes in CS. We conclude that in OS 1) tidal breathing can be affected by EFL and PEEPi; 2) EFL and PEEPi are promoted by the supine posture; and 3) the increased diaphragmatic load in the supine position is, in part, related to PEEPi.

Human tactile pattern recognition: active versus passive touch, velocity effects, and patterns of confusion

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vega-Bermudez ◽  
K. O. Johnson ◽  
S. S. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Letter Recognition ◽  
Scanning Velocity ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Passive Touch ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

1. Subjects without any previous experience in a tactile psychophysics task participated in a study of tactile letter recognition employing active and passive touch. In the active task, subjects reached through a curtain and examined embossed letters with horizontal, unidirectional finger strokes. In the passive task, subjects sat with their arms and hands immobilized while a rotating drum stimulator pressed the embossed letters onto the right index finger. The stimulus conditions in the passive task were identical to those used in neurophysiological experiments with monkeys. 2. A survey of 40 naive subjects who were not screened in any way showed a wide range of performance levels. There was no difference between the subjects in the active and passive tasks, either in overall mean percent correct scores, which were 49.0 and 50.7%, respectively or in the percent correct scores for individual letters whose product-moment correlation coefficient was 0.94. The active and passive groups, which contained 25 and 15 members, respectively, had no members in common. 3. Videotapes of the finger movements of eight subjects in the active task showed a characteristic V-shaped velocity profile (velocity vs. lateral position) starting at approximately 100 mm/s at the left-hand edge of the plate containing the embossed letter, decelerating to a minimum when the center of the finger was directly over the letter, and then accelerating away from the letter. The average minimum scanning velocity was 17 mm/s. 4. Scanning velocity had no significant effect on performance in the passive task between 20 and 40 mm/s. An increase to 80 mm/s produced a 16% decline in percent correct identifications. 5. Learning effects were evident across sessions even though subjects were given no feedback or training. The increase in mean percent correct judgments averaged 4% per session, which lasted for approximately 1 h. 6. Data from 64 subjects were pooled for detailed comparison of identification patterns in active and passive touch. The results were analyzed and found to be consistent with the hypothesis that the identification and confusion probabilities are identical in the two modes. We conclude that there is no difference between active and passive touch in form recognition when the stimulus pattern is smaller than a finger pad. 7. Data from all experiments were pooled to produce a single confusion matrix with 324 presentations per letter. The majority of erroneous responses are grouped in a small number of confusion pairs and the majority of those confusion pairs are strongly asymmetric. The probable neural mechanisms of some confusion patterns are discussed.

scholarly journals Management of Shoulder Dislocation by Prakash Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ullah ◽  
Samir Khan Kabir ◽  
Khalid . ◽  
Mohammad Inaam ◽  
Gul Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Shoulder Dislocation ◽  
Recurrent Dislocation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Fracture Dislocations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Anterior Posterior

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of shoulder reduction developed by Prakash. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive study was carried out at Rehman Medical and Surgical Center District Buner and Naseer Teaching Hospital Peshawar from June 2017 to December 2019. All patients with a history of trauma to either shoulder were subjected to anterior-posterior shoulder radiograph. Those having shoulder dislocation were enrolled in the study. Data including age, gender, previous dislocation history, duration of dislocation and associated fracture, and fracture type were recorded in patient case sheet. Patients having recurrent dislocation, polytrauma, low GCS, fracture-dislocations, and more than a week history of dislocation were excluded from the study. RESULTS: This study was performed on 30 patients. The mean age of the patients was 36.46±11.58 years. Among them, 83.3% (n=25) were male and 16.7% (n=5) were female. While dislocation occurred on the right shoulder in 63.3% (n=19) and in 36.7% (n=11) on the left side. All the patients have dislocation for the first time. The reduction was performed using Prakash’s method. The success rate was 90% (n=27) and 10% (n=3) the reduction failed, which was then reduced under anesthesia using the Hippocratic method. CONCLUSION: The Prakash's method for reducing anterior shoulder dislocation requires minimum assistance with no anesthesia, it is safe, less time consuming, has a high success rate, less pain, and has minimal complications.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document