Design of a Guidable Cornering Light System for Faired Motorcycle

Today's engendering has a rage about faired bikes because they endeavour ergonomic glances as well as speeds. Although it has now graced a fact that most motorcycle accidents occur in darkness due to poor illumination and are more dangerous when the bike is cornering. As per the present contour of headlamps of fairing bikes, the headlamps become stable, giving rider vision at an upright position. These headlights do not provide enough illumination on bent roads and put riders in a vulnerable position. To overcome this dilemma, an alternative lighting system was needed. The goal of the project is to discover a cost-effective explication, increasing the safety and comfort of the rider. This called for cornering lights for faired bikes to persuade the road at the corner. The cornering lights serve riders by illuminating the shadowed area of the curve providing better vision. The Cornering lights can not only be useful in twilight but also bad weather, the rider can have a clear vision and control on the motorbike. The rider may react to the state of danger at an appropriate time. Keywords: Motorcycle Cornering Lights, Smart Headlights, Guidable headlight, Adaptive headlight, cornering headlight, safety technology, deflecting headlight.

Body Orientation Affects the Perceived Size of Objects

Here, we investigate how body orientation relative to gravity affects the perceived size of visual targets. When in virtual reality, participants judged the size of a visual target projected at simulated distances of between 2 and 10 m and compared it to a physical reference length held in their hands while they were standing or lying prone or supine. Participants needed to make the visual size of the target 5.4% larger when supine and 10.1% larger when prone, compared to when they were in an upright position to perceive that it matched the physical reference length. Needing to make the target larger when lying compared to when standing suggests some not mutually exclusive possibilities. It may be that while tilted participants perceived the targets as smaller than when they were upright. It may be that participants perceived the targets as being closer while tilted compared to when upright. It may also be that participants perceived the physical reference length as longer while tilted. Misperceiving objects as larger and/or closer when lying may provide a survival benefit while in such a vulnerable position.

THE TRANSIENT EFFECTS OF FLOOD WATER ON A WARSHIP IN CALM WATER IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING DAMAGE

The safety of a ship which is damaged below the waterline will depend on the way water floods into the internal compartments. The water will cause the ship to take on an angle of heel and trim which will further affect the flooding into the compartments. The ship’s equilibrium position in calm water can be predicted using hydrostatic theory, however at present it is difficult to predict the transient behaviour between the initial upright position of the ship and its final equilibrium. In some cases, the transient motion may cause a capsize prior to a possible equilibrium position being reached. This paper describes an investigation of this phenomenon using a model of a warship with simplified, typical internal geometry. With the model initially stationary, a rapid damage event was generated, and the global motions measured, along with the water levels in some of the internal compartments, as functions of time. Immediately after the damage occurred the model rolled to starboard (towards the damage). It then rolled to port (away from the damage) before eventually returning to starboard and settling at its equilibrium value. In all the tests conducted the equilibrium heel angle was less than that reached during the initial roll to starboard. This implies that the roll damping, and the way in which the water floods into the model immediately following the damage, could both have a very important influence on the likelihood of survival.

Diagnostic performance of a wearing dynamic ECG recorder for atrial fibrillation screening: the HUAMI heart study

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac dysrhythmia with high morbidity and mortality rate. Evidence shows that in every three patients with AF, one is asymptomatic. The asymptomatic and paroxysmal nature of AF is the reason for unsatisfactory and delayed detection using traditional instruments. Research indicates that wearing a dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG) recorder can guide accurate and safe analysis, interpretation, and distinction of AF from normal sinus rhythm. This is also achievable in an upright position and after exercises, assisted by an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. Methods This study enrolled 114 participants from the outpatient registry of our institution from June 24, 2020 to July 24, 2020. Participants were tested with a wearable dynamic ECG recorder and 12-lead ECG in a supine, an upright position and after exercises for 60 s. Results Of the 114 subjects enrolled in the study, 61 had normal sinus rhythm and 53 had AF. The number of cases that could not be determined by the wristband of dynamic ECG recorder was two, one and one respectively. Case results that were not clinically objective were defined as false-negative or false-positive. Results for diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity tested by wearable dynamic ECG recorders in a supine position were 94.74% (95% CI% 88.76–97.80%), 88.68% (95% CI 77.06–95.07%), and 100% (95% CI 92.91–100%), respectively. Meanwhile, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in an upright position were 97.37% (95% CI 92.21–99.44%), 94.34% (95% CI 84.03–98.65%), and 100% (95% CI 92.91–100%), respectively. Similar results as those of the upright position were obtained after exercise. Conclusion The widely accessible wearable dynamic ECG recorder integrated with an AI algorithm can efficiently detect AF in different postures and after exercises. As such, this tool holds great promise as a useful and user-friendly screening method for timely AF diagnosis in at-risk individuals.

Experiences of living with postural tachycardia syndrome

Objective Postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS) is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system which involves a range of symptoms, worsened when adopting an orthostatic (upright) position. Symptoms can include tachycardia, dizziness, fainting, nausea as well as many others which, as is typical of a syndrome, vary from person to person. Although research is increasing into this condition, the unifying experiences of managing it on a daily basis have not been extensively investigated. This study aimed to capture participants’ experiences of living with PoTS. Method A longitudinal digital ethnographic approach was employed. Eight participants recorded daily video diaries discussing their experiences of PoTS and its impact for 17 days. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was utilised to analyse the data and identify connections across participants’ accounts. Results Four superordinate themes emerged: ‘loss of control and lack of agency over body’, ‘identity changes’, ‘lack of understanding from others’ and ‘adapting to cope with PoTS’. Discussion The findings demonstrated the complex and widespread impact these participants experience from their PoTS symptoms, including the consequent emotional difficulties that result from managing this condition. An overall lack of understanding about PoTS by others was emphasised, suggesting the requirement for better education and support services for this condition.

Analysis of Body-Slip and Buttock Pressure Characteristics during Operation of a Double-Sliding Reclining Wheelchair in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

To minimize body collapse due to repetitive reclining and repositioning when using a reclining wheelchair, reclining wheelchairs with a sliding backrest function have been developed. This study compared the differences in body-slip and buttock pressure according to the presence or absence of the sliding function of the backrest during reclining and repositioning motions in 10 patients with spinal cord injury. When reclining from 100° to 130°, backrest sliding and total body-slip in the double-sliding wheelchair were significantly decreased by 21.4 mm and 16.4 mm, respectively, compared to a non-sliding wheelchair, and the peak pressure on the ischial tuberosity was significantly decreased by 8.7 kPa. Upon comparison of the buttock pressure between the initial upright position before reclining and the return upright position after repositioning, the force and mean pressure with the double-sliding wheelchair were significantly reduced compared with those with the non-sliding wheelchair. It was confirmed that the double-sliding system improved body-slip and buttock pressure more effectively than the non-sliding system. This study’s results are expected to provide the basic data necessary for the prescription and selection of wheelchairs in clinical practice and to be utilized in the development of related devices.

THE INFLUENCE OF COMPREHENSIVE REHABILITATION MEASURES COMBINED WITH THE OSTEOPATHIC TREATMENT ON THE BALANCE FUNCTION COEFFICIENT IN CHILDREN SUFFERING FROM CEREBRAL PALSY

The article highlights the study records on the infl uence of comprehensive rehabilitation measures combined with osteopathic treatment on the balance function quality in children suff ering from cerebral palsy. The study involved children aged 7 to 12 with spastic diplegia (level II according to GMFCS), intact intelligence, and the ability to move independently without technical devices. The study showed that, if the osteopathic treatment was included in the set of rehabilitation measures, the quality of life and postural control in the upright position improved in children, the latter manifested itself in an increased indicator of the balance function quality.

Mother’s Bed Incline and Desaturation Episodes in Healthy Term Newborns during Early Skin-to-Skin Contact: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Early skin-to-skin contact (ESSC) is associated with rare, sudden, unexpected postnatal collapse episodes. Placing the newborn in ESSC closer to an upright position may reduce the risk of airway obstruction and improve respiratory mechanics. This study assessed whether a greater inclination of the mother’s bed during ESSC would reduce the proportion of healthy term newborns (HTNs) who experienced episodes of pulse oximeter saturation (SpO₂) &#x3c;91%. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of the mother’s bed incline, 45° versus 15°, on desaturation in HTNs during ESSC. Before delivery on 1,271 dyads, randomization was conducted, and stringent criteria to select healthy mothers and term newborns were monitored until after birth. Preductal SpO₂ was continuously monitored between 10 min and 2 h after birth. The primary outcome was the occurrence of at least one episode of SpO₂ &#x3c;91%. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 254 (20%) mother-infant dyads were eligible for analysis (45°, <i>n</i> = 126; 15°, <i>n</i> = 128). Overall, 57% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51%–63%) of newborns showed episodes of SpO₂ &#x3c;91%. The proportion of infants with SpO₂ &#x3c;91% episodes was 52% in 45° and 62% in 15° (relative risk: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.6–1.07). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We did not show that a high mother bed inclination during ESSC led to significantly fewer HTNs who experienced episodes of SpO₂ &#x3c;91%. Desaturation episodes from 10 min to 2 h after birth occurred in more than half of HTNs.

Orthostatic hypotension and atrial fibrillation: is there a relationship?

Orthostatic hypotension (OH), a possible marker of autonomic dysfunction, reflects the inability of reflex cardiovascular mechanisms to compensate for the fall in venous return in the upright position. This is a manifestation of structural and functional abnormalities of the cardiovascular system. Significance of the orthostatic hypotension is underestimated, while it is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease. The article reviews the relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and OH. The pathogenetic mechanisms of OH are considered, including various subgroups, e. g. elderly patients. The article also discusses the relationship between OH, AF and cerebrovascular complications. Available evidence suggests that impaired orthostatic hemodynamic response should be considered as a new risk factor for AF. Further research is needed for better understanding of the association between AF and OH, as well as their management.

Differences in Peak Oxygen Uptake in Bicycle Exercise Test Caused by Body Positions: A Meta-Analysis

Background: As demand for cardiopulmonary exercise test using a supine position has increased, so have the testing options. However, it remains uncertain whether the existing evaluation criteria for the upright position are suitable for the supine position. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the differences in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) between upright and supine lower extremity bicycle exercise.Methods: We searched PubMed, Web Of Science and Embase from inception to March 27, 2021. Self-control studies comparing VO2peak between upright and supine were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using a checklist adapted from published papers in this field. The effect of posture on VO2peak was pooled using random/fixed effects model.Results: This meta-analysis included 32 self-control studies, involving 546 participants (63% were male). 21 studies included only healthy people, 9 studies included patients with cardiopulmonary disease, and 2 studies included both the healthy and cardiopulmonary patients. In terms of study quality, most of the studies (n = 21, 66%) describe the exercise protocol, and we judged theVO2peak to be valid in 26 (81%) studies. Meta-analysis showed that the upright VO2peak exceeded the supine VO2peak [relative VO2peak: mean difference (MD) 2.63 ml/kg/min, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66-3.59, I2 = 56%, p &lt; 0.05; absolute VO2peak: MD 0.18 L/min, 95% CI 0.10-0.26, I2 = 63%, p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, subgroup analysis showed there was more pooled difference in healthy people (4.04 ml/kg/min or 0.22 L/min) than in cardiopulmonary patients (1.03 ml/kg/min or 0.12 L/min).Conclusion: VO2peak in the upright position is higher than that in supine position. However, whether this difference has clinical significance needs further verification.Systematic Review Registration: identifier, CRD42021233468.