scholarly journals Genotyping of Avasirkhva, an indigenous Abkhasian grapevine variety

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
E. T Ilnitskaya ◽  
M. V. Makarkina, ◽  
V. Sh. Aiba ◽  
V. K. Kotlyar ◽  
A. A. Krasilnikov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grapevine Variety ◽  
Varietal Identification ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Amplicon Size ◽  
Area Te ◽  
Genetic Passport

Molecular genotyping of native varieties of Vitis vinifera L. from different winegrowing areas is a current trend in the grapevine genetic diversity research. Abkhazia is among the world cradles of tamed grape, and its indigenous gene pool is of particular interest. Avasirkhva is a native Abkhasian grapevine variety mainly grown in the Gudauta District. Te research aimed to obtaining a genetic passport of Avasirkhva grapevine using microsatellite polymorphism data. Te study sampled grape plants from private farmsteads of the Gudauta District. Te plant phenotype corresponded to the variety’s ampelographic description. DNA was isolated from young shoot tip leaves with a CTAB-based protocol. Genotyping was performed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by capillary fragment separation. High-polymorphic SSR loci (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZAG62, VrZAG79) recommended for grapevine varietal identification were used as markers. Te amplicon size was estimated with an ABI Prism 3130 automated genetic analyser using the GeneMapper and PeakScanner soſtware and Pinot Noir as a reference variety genotype. Four samples exhibited an identical microsatellite profile. Te microsatellite assay-based genetic passport of the Avasirkhva variety is as follows: VVS2141-145 VVMD5234-242 VVMD7239- 249, VVMD25239-249, VVMD27184-190, VVMD28234-248, VVMD32248- 262, VrZAG62200-204, VrZAG79251-257. Te obtained passport is unique with respect to the known genotypes in the Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC). A Principal Coordinate Analysis of microsatellite data was used to infer the genetic relationships between Avasirkhva and the Abkhasian varieties Kachich and Azhizhkvakva genotyped in our earlier studies, as well as nine native grapevines of Georgia, the nearest viticultural area. Te Avasirkhva genetic passport can be used in grapevine genotyping studies to clarify the varietal identity.

scholarly journals First Report of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasma Affecting Grapevines in Croatia

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Šeruga Musić ◽  
D. Škorić ◽  
I. Haluška ◽  
I. Križanac ◽  
J. Plavec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus

Flavescence dorée (FD) and Bois noir (BN) phytoplasmas are principal grapevine yellows (GY) agents in the wider Euro-Mediterranean Region. While BN phytoplasma belongs to the ribosomal subgroup 16SrXII-A, the FD agents belong either to the ribosomal subgroups 16SrV-C or -D. During the official GY survey in 2009, 40 symptomatic grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) were sampled throughout grapevine-growing regions in Croatia. Typical GY symptoms of leaf yellowing or reddening were evident on white and red varieties, respectively. Leaf rolling as well as irregular lignification of the shoots and withering of clusters were also observed. Phloem tissue from cuttings and leaf veins from mature vines were sampled for total DNA extraction and amplification of phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene by using generic primers P1/P7 in a direct PCR assay followed by a nested PCR using primer pair R16F2n/R2 (2). Phytoplasma ribosomal group affiliation was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the nested PCR products with enzyme Tru1I (Fermentas, Vilnius, Lithuania). These initial findings were validated and augmented by a triplex real-time PCR assay targeting the nonribosomal map gene. This assay enables simultaneous detection of BN and FD (16SrV-C and -D) phytoplasmas in grapevine (3). Assay results revealed the majority of GY positive vines (19 of 40) contained BN phytoplasma which is widespread. For the first time in Croatia, two red variety samples, Pinot Noir and Plemenka Crvena, from the vicinity of Ozalj (Vivodina) and Zagreb (Brezje), respectively, were found to harbor FD-related phytoplasmas. Fragments amplified by P1/P7 primers from latter samples were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analyses using online interactive tool iPhyClassifier (4) revealed that the phytoplasma under study from Pinot Noir sample (GenBank Accession No. HQ712064) is a member of 16SrV-C subgroup and shares 99.87% similarity with 16S rDNA sequence of the reference strain (GenBank Accession No. AF176319). The sequence from the Plemenka Crvena sample (GenBank Accession No. HQ712065) shares 99.54% similarity with the reference strain and has the most similar virtual RFLP pattern to the one of the 16SrV-C subgroup (GenBank Accession No. AY197642). These findings are currently limited to vineyards in northwestern Croatia. Even so, the presence of FD principal cicadellid vector Scaphoideus titanus in the country and the occurrence and distribution of FD in neighboring countries (1,2) are factors indicating that the spread of FD in Croatia is highly probable. References: (1) L. Filippin et al. Plant Pathol. 58:826, 2009. (2) S. Kuzmanović et al. Vitis 47:105, 2008. (3) C. Pelletier et al. Vitis 48:87, 2009. (4) Y. Zhao et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2582, 2009.

scholarly journals The effects of leaf removal and artificial shading on the composition of Chardonnay and Pinot noir grapes

OENO One ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-777
Author(s):  
Isabella Ghiglieno ◽  
Fulvio Mattivi ◽  
Gabriele Cola ◽  
Davide Trionfini ◽  
Daniele Perenzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Sparkling Wine ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Potential Improvement ◽  
Artificial Shading ◽  
Positive Effect

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of leaf removal and bunch shading on the analytical composition of Pinot noir and Chardonnay (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes suitable for making premium sparkling wine.Method and results: Total bunch defoliation (TD) and different treatments using shading nets (TD1L, TD2L and ND1L) were evaluated in comparison with a test with no defoliation and shading (ND) over three seasons in the southern part of Franciacorta, one of the most famous Italian sparkling wine regions. Micrometeorological variables, yield components, musts and grapes chemical composition were evaluated. Shading practices lead to a delay in ripening and they improve the acidic content of must, thus resulting in a potential improvement in the quality of juice suitable for producing sparkling wines. Furthermore, this particular type of vine canopy management leads to changes in the phenolic content of grapes.Conclusions: From the results obtained it was possible to underline the positive effect - delaying ripening, preserving acid concentration and reducing flavonol content - of shading on the composition of Pinot noir and Chardonnay grapes suitable for making premium sparkling wine.Significance of the study: This study shows the importance of shading, because it delays grape ripening and thereby preserves the acidic content of musts and, specifically, deals with the problem of early ripening related to the climate change now underway.

scholarly journals Genetic structure and differentiation in cultivated grape, Vitis vinifera L.

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
MALLIKARJUNA K. ARADHYA ◽  
GERALD S. DANGL ◽  
BERNARD H. PRINS ◽  
JEAN-MICHEL BOURSIQUOT ◽  
M. ANDREW WALKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Multivariate Relationships ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Grape Cultivars

222 cultivated (Vitis vinifera) and 22 wild (V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris) grape accessions were analysed for genetic diversity and differentiation at eight microsatellite loci. A total of 94 alleles were detected, with extensive polymorphism among the accessions. Multivariate relationships among accessions revealed 16 genetic groups structured into three clusters, supporting the classical eco-geographic grouping of grape cultivars: occidentalis, pontica and orientalis. French cultivars appeared to be distinct and showed close affinity to the wild progenitor, ssp. sylvestris from south-western France (Pyrenees) and Tunisia, probably reflecting the origin and domestication history of many of the old wine cultivars from France. There was appreciable level of differentiation between table and wine grape cultivars, and the Muscat types were somewhat distinct within the wine grapes. Contingency χ2 analysis indicated significant heterogeneity in allele frequencies among groups at all loci. The observed heterozygosities for different groups ranged from 0·625 to 0·9 with an overall average of 0·771. Genetic relationships among groups suggested hierarchical differentiation within cultivated grape. The gene diversity analysis indicated narrow divergence among groups and that most variation was found within groups (∼85%). Partitioning of diversity suggested that the remaining variation is somewhat structured hierarchically at different levels of differentiation. The overall organization of genetic diversity suggests that the germplasm of cultivated grape represents a single complex gene pool and that its structure is determined by strong artificial selection and a vegetative mode of reproduction.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Effects of the Vitis vinifera L. var. Fetească Neagră and Pinot Noir Pomace Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ştefania Silvia Balea ◽  
Alina Elena Pârvu ◽  
Marcel Pârvu ◽  
Laurian Vlase ◽  
Cristina Adriana Dehelean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Post-budbreak pruning changes intra-spur phenology dynamics, vine productivity and berry ripening parameters in Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Pinot Noir’

2019 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 108584
Author(s):  
Tommaso Frioni ◽  
Facundo José Pirez ◽  
Irene Diti ◽  
Lily Ronney ◽  
Stefano Poni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Berry Ripening

scholarly journals Phylloxera-infested grapevines have reduced chlorophyll and increased photoprotective pigment content — can leaf pigment composition aid pest detection?

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette L. Blanchfield ◽  
Sharon A. Robinson ◽  
Luigi J. Renzullo ◽  
Kevin S. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Leaf Pigment ◽  
Remote Sensing Systems

Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) is a root-feeding pest of grapevines. In Australia, phylloxera-infested vineyards are subjected to quarantine restrictions and early detection remains vital for the timely implementation of post-outbreak quarantine protocols. Current detection methods rely on time-consuming ground surveying, which involves detailed examination of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) root systems. Leaf pigment composition is often a sensitive indicator of plant stress. The increasing popularity of remote sensing systems, which exploit those changes in pigments observed with plant stress, offers a real possibility for the development of a phylloxera-specific remote detection system. Our objective was to investigate changes in grapevine leaf pigments associated with phylloxera infestation and to relate any changes to appropriate reflectance indices. This was achieved with a glasshouse experiment in which the responses of two vine cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz) to phylloxera infestation were compared with their responses to water and nitrogen deficiencies. The responses of leaf pigments to phylloxera infestation were also investigated in Pinot Noir and Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines grown under field conditions. A reduction in the leaf chlorophyll content and an increase in photoprotective pigment concentrations were observed in leaves of phylloxera-infested grapevines compared with uninfested vines. The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) was found to be most closely associated with the ratio of total carotenoid to chlorophyll in these vines.

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